Automation of hot water-heating gas boiler KV-GM-10.dwg

Automation of hot water boilers

Technological processes occurring in the boiler unit during its operation are characterized by a number of interconnected parameters. The change in one of them, for example, steam flow, should be reflected in all other parameters: steam pressure, the amount of fuel supplied to the furnace, the amount of air supplied and flue gases sucked, and the feed water flow rate.

Automation of the boiler provides for automatic control of the production process, automatic heat control, remote control and alarm about deviations from the normal operating mode. Automation of boiler plants can be partial, in which automation of certain types of equipment is carried out, or complex, in which operation of the boiler plant takes place without permanent maintenance personnel

Automatic control system consists of control object and automatic regulator interacting with it. The boiler is subject to regulation.

The main links of the automatic control system, except for the control object and the automatic regulator, are:

- sensitive element responding to deviation of adjustable parameter;

- setting device - mechanism for manual and automatic adjustment of the specified value or software device;

- converter - actuator, which converts the signal of the sensitive element into electric pulses, convenient for amplification;

- amplifier - device for signal amplification due to additional energy source;

- actuator - device acting on the regulated object;

- correcting devices, stabilize the control process by influencing the operation of regulators.

In some cases, the automatic control system may be performed with direct-acting regulators in which there is no transducer and amplifier, and the sensing elements act directly on the actuators. In some cases, this system can be performed with direct-action controllers that do not have a transducer and amplifier, and the sensing elements act directly on the actuators.

General structural diagram of automatic control system:

1) Object of regulation; 2) sensitive element;

3) converter; 4) amplifier; 5) actuating mechanism;

6) internal feedback; A) communication by adjustable parameter;

B) setting; C) power supply; D) object of disturbance

Boiler automation is divided into:

a) safety automation;

b) automatic regulation.

Temperature control automation includes:

b) automatic activation of the boiler;

c) automatic maintenance of the network water pressure in the return pipeline;

a) automatic control of hot water temperature in the supply pipeline within the specified limits;

d) automatic shutdown of the boiler from operation.

Safety automation includes:

a) emergency automation;

b) alarm automation.

Emergency automation includes;

- protection by lower pressure of air gas downstream the fan;

- protection against emergency excess of water temperature (115 ° С);

- burner contactor protection (burner interference).

Alarm automation includes:

a) alarm "burner malfunction";

b) gas supply system alarm;

c) alarm of circulation pumps;

d) emergency signal of delivery pumps;

e) alarm of upper and lower limits of hot water temperature of supply pipeline;

f) lower temperature limit alarm;

g) alarm of upper and lower limits of water pressure at boiler inlet.

It is necessary to check the safety valve every day by "blasting."

During operation of the boiler, it is necessary to monitor the pressure and temperature of supply and return network water.

More important parameters of water and gas in the boiler room are displayed on the control board.

Operation of boilers and water heaters with faulty automation and equipment is not allowed!

When the boiler is disconnected by the general control device, the boiler is ignited by the operator after the completion of the automatic shutdown program.

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