9-storey residential building - Civil building - coursework

Introduction

The purpose of this course project is the formation and development of practical skills for the development of an architectural and constructive solution to a civilian residential building, graphic representation and technical and economic assessment, and the consolidation of theoretical knowledge obtained during the course study.

A specific feature of civil engineering is its unprecedented mass, caused by the urbanization of most developed countries. Mass determined the need to accelerate the pace of construction, reduce its cost and labor intensity. Therefore, a fairly large volume of multi-storey buildings is being built in cities and large settlements. When building a house, you need to have a clear idea of ​ ​ how to be a house, that is, choose a project, how to place the house on a plot. From what and how to build, and of course take into account the ability of the developer.

Choosing a project at home is an important step, so as not to be mistaken, you need to clearly represent the requirements of which it must meet. The construction of the house can be implemented only in specific materials, products and structures. The process of creating a house project involves defining the parameters of the house and representing how the construction will be carried out. Its space-planning structure depends on the choice of construction, construction and method.

Multi-storey residential buildings are built mainly from elements of industrial manufacture.

When choosing a project, it is necessary to take into account that the building does not exist on its own, but is located in a certain natural and climatic environment.

Progress in the development of science and technology, the constant development of the industrial base of construction is accompanied not only by a fundamental change in the technology of production processes, but also by the emergence of new more advanced types of buildings and structures that meet modern conditions of production, life of Russians and meet their age needs.

When developing construction activities in Russia, it is necessary to take into account the existing potential of the industry, the material and technical equipment of construction organizations.

1 architectural and planning solution

1.1 General part

General characteristics of the project :

Nine storey 36x apartment panel residential building. Field of application - area with normal geological conditions ,

design ambient air temperature - minus 27 ° С.

Construction district - Lipetsk.

The soil according to geological data is loam.

Building class - II. Fire resistance - II degree .

The orientation of the building on the ground is unlimited.

Number of floors 9.

Floor height - 2.8 m

The building has a basement.

Engineering equipment: elevator, garbage line, water supply, gas supply from the external network, electric lighting (from the 220v network), natural ventilation through the ventilation channels in the "wet" rooms and kitchen, sewerage - household with the release into the sewage well .

Construction structures.

Piling foundations; external three-layer panels; internal prefabricated rails; concrete partitions; precast reinforced concrete slabs; prefabricated reinforced concrete stairs; roof with warm attic, ruberoid coating.

1.2 Building Design and Planning Solution

The building has an arceless wall structural scheme with resting floors on transverse and longitudinal external and internal walls. The main structural elements of the structural framework: foundations, walls and slabs of floors and coatings. Spatial rigidity and stability in longitudinal and transverse directions is ensured by welding of side outlets located on side faces, grouting of seams with cement mortar.

Snapping to modular layout axes is done according to the dimensions of the structural elements.

The height of the floor is 2.8 m.

Building length (in axes) - 30.4 m

Width of the building (along the axes) - 14.9 m

1.3 Site Plot Plan

The building construction site is located in the second climatic area, connected by road with transport highways, quarries, warehouses, construction industry enterprises.

The prevailing winds in winter are southwestern and in summer western. The red line is located outside the construction site. The relief of the site is calm with a slight slope to the southeast. There is no groundwater. The foundation is based on loams. Normative depth of soil freezing is 1.4 m.

The plot is part of the built-up area and is equal to 3567.52 m2

The main facade of the building is oriented east and has an unlimited orientation. Surface water is discharged via an open system with discharge outside the area. The building is tied to the terrain horizontally and vertically, the absolute floor elevation of the 1st floor is 87.255 m.

The site provides: areas for children, adults, drying linen, paths, lawns, shrub plantings, flower beds, for vehicles - parking spaces, near the house there is a park, square, sports ground, shop. Gaps between neighboring buildings are accepted in accordance with fire and sanitary standards.

When designing the general plan, the most important task was taken into account - to protect the land and possibly more economically, to use the areas of the buildings more rationally. However, this also took into account the modern requirements for creating good living and leisure conditions for people.

Technical and economic indicators of the general plan.

Area: A -401.28 m2

Building area -3567.62m2

Building factor = building area plot area = 401.28 3567.62 = 0.11

Landscaping area - 1724.76 m2

Landscaping factor = plot area green area = 401.28 1724.76 = 0.23

Road surface area - 386.73 m2

1.4 Space-planning solution of the building

The space solution of the building was chosen taking into account functional tasks and the organization of a beautiful interior. The house belongs to the scheme of a single-section (tower) house, which has urban planning advantages. This composite element forms the accent vertical of the silhouette in the building. Layout meets sanitary and hygienic requirements (time of insolation, natural light, temperature, humidity, mobility

air), which provides a pleasant microclimate of the premises.

The multi-storey block-section multi-beam residential building is made according to an economical scheme, which allows creating a favorable orientation of Btip apartments in the volume of the building, convenient placement of residential rooms and auxiliary rooms. The entrance to the building is through an internal vestibule on the ground floor. On each floor there are 4 apartments: one three-room, including a living room, children's and bedroom for parents; Two two-bedroom rooms with bedroom and living room; one four-bedroom, with living room, two bedrooms and nursery. All apartments have toilets, bathrooms, as well as summer rooms - balconies; kitchens accepted workers. All spaces are combined into two functional zones: common and individual. Living rooms are adopted rectangular, which is important for the convenience of arranging furniture. Apartments communicate with each other by corridors, have an unhindered passage to the stair lift unit, which provides communication between floors. The walls of the assembly for fire safety purposes are made of non-combustible materials, natural lighting is arranged .

The building is designed taking into account the natural, climatic and national living conditions.

The orientation of the building is taken into account the climatic belt based on the maximum insolation of residential premises. All utility rooms have artificial lighting from a 220 volt network. Ventilation units are provided in kitchens and bathrooms.

The decoration of the main rooms is improved. The safety of evacuation of people during a fire is achieved by the allocation of evacuation routes by non-burning fences. Staircases have natural lighting.

1.5 Technical and economic indicators of the building

Living space -

(42.71+38.28*2+64.40) *9=1653.03m2

Auxiliary area -

((75,4842,717,37)+ (97,1464,407,37)+ (73,7038,286,87)*2) *9=970.83 sq.m

Total area -1653.03 + 970.83 = 2623.86 m2

Construction volume -430.30 * 32,805 = 14116.64 m3

Cost-effectiveness factor of the planning solution:

K1 = living area/total area = 1653.03/2623.86 = 0.63

Spatial Solution Cost Factor:

K2 = building volume/total area = 14116.032623.86 = 5.4

Building Features

2.1 Foundations

With increased groundwater level and loam soils, we use a pile foundation with a pile section of 300300 mm. Reinforced concrete driven piles - posts of factory manufacture of square cross section are made continuous with stressed longitudinal reinforcement and with transverse reinforcement of the shaft by a stressed spiral. Piles are located necessarily at all corners of the building and at the intersection points of the wall axes. Under the external walls, taking into account the load, we accept the single-row arrangement of piles (the distance between piles is at least 3d). For internal - single-row arrangement of piles. Piles are submerged by the Coprom. After diving, a prefabricated cap with a section of 700x700 is dressed on piles, pile caps are installed, waterproofing is arranged, then basement panels are installed.

Grade of pile reinforced concrete foundation SCT30 series 1.1172.

A pavement with a width of 1 m is arranged along the perimeter of the building. The slope of the pavement is 1:10.

2.2 Walls

External walls are adopted from three-layer panels 350 mm thick with factory decoration. The thickness of the concrete internal walls, 160mm., Was chosen according to the conditions of ensuring their strength, sound insulation and fire resistance, the walls of the staircase lift assembly were accepted as 200mm, were selected based on the conditions of ensuring their strength, sound insulation and fire resistance. Thickness of external walls on the basis of heat engineering calculation for this city in accordance with SNiP 2302003 and SNiP 230199 is accepted 350mm .

Heat engineering calculation is carried out taking into account climatological data in order to select the most appropriate external enclosing structure of the heated building, which must meet the heat engineering requirements.

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