Design of 2 storey building with drawings

Introduction

Currently, in the design and construction of residential buildings and, in particular, residential buildings of small storeys (cottages), special attention is paid to engineering communication systems. Creating comfortable living conditions for people is an urgent problem of modern construction. Uninterrupted supply of water - hot and cold, timely drainage and disposal of waste, gas supply, heating, power supply, etc. - pressing problems of construction. It is particularly important to address these issues in the absence of centralized networks.

The section discusses the design, design and calculation of building life support utilities.

The objective of the project is to develop methods of routing and hydraulic calculation of water supply and drainage systems. The correct selection of routing (at the initial stage of design) depends on the uninterrupted supply of water to the building, the presence or absence of pumping units, pipe diameters and, as a result, the above, the construction cost.

When designing the water supply systems of this building, not only the rationality of engineering solutions was taken into account, but also the household interests of residents. Thus, the project provides for the possibility of installing modern automatic washing machines, a version of the arrangement of a bath and a garage has been developed. Summer water supply is provided for irrigation of the garden.

The design and calculation of cold water supply and drainage systems, as well as the calculation of yard sewage, are mandatory sections in this project.

Additionally, a gas supply and heating system is being developed.

When performing section 4 of the comprehensive course project, normative literature was used. Engineering communications were designed taking into account the comfort of housing and economic requirements. Section "Heat Engineering Calculation" - is mandatory in this project. During this part of the calculation, the material selected for the exterior enclosing structures and the wall thickness were checked.

Water supply

This work envisages the development of a cold water supply system.

Internal water supply systems include: entrances to the building, water metering unit, dilution network, risers, supply to water collecting devices, water collecting, mixing, shutoff and control valves.

The choice of the internal water supply system is made depending on the technical and economic feasibility, sanitary and hygienic and fire safety requirements, as well as taking into account the adopted external water supply system.

For this building, it is recommended to accept dead end systems with lower wiring of the internal cold water pipeline with one inlet.

The designed building has a basement, therefore, an inlet, a water metering unit and main pipelines are located in the basement.

In the basement and 1st floor plan, valve HL 900 is planned, EN 12 380 allows not to remove the riser above the roof.

Main pipelines are laid along the internal capital wall for 40-50 cm below the basement ceiling. Pipes are attached on brackets or hooks. Main pipelines are designed with a slope of 0.002-0.005 towards the inlet for water descent from the building water supply system.

Yard sewage network

The task of the yard sewerage system is to collect waste water from the designed facility and drain it to the city sewerage system (GK) - K2 about 80.24

The solution of the yard sewage scheme depends on the terrain, the location of the building, the location of the GK, other communications, etc. The yard network is laid from ceramic pipes with a diameter of 150 mm. The network is traced along the building at a distance from the walls from 3 to 5 m in the direction coinciding with the slope of the terrain.

To monitor the operation of the sewerage system and its operation, it is necessary to provide for the installation of inspection wells at the points of connection of the outlets from the building, at the turns of the pipeline, at the places of change in the diameter and slope of pipes, in straight sections after 35 m with a pipe diameter of 150 mm (in our case K1, KK).

Before connection to the external network on the yard sewage pipeline at a distance of 1-1.5 m from the red building line in the depth of the section, a control inspection well (CP) is placed. It usually arranges a drop, since the designed well on the street collector always has a larger depth.

On the plot plan of the site, a yard sewer network is applied with the indication of all inspection, turning and control wells, then the city sewer network and the red building line are indicated.

The longitudinal profile of the yard network is drawn from the most remote outlet to the well of the city network (in which the yard drainage network is connected to the city). Regardless of the direction in which the wastewater flows, the profile is drawn from left to right.

Gas supply.

When supplying areas of individual development with natural gas, they provide for its use for household needs (cooking).

The annual gas flow rate is determined depending on the number of consumers based on specific gas consumption rates.

The specific rate of natural gas consumption in the presence of a gas stove and centralized hot water supply in the apartment is 83 m3/year per person.

For individual residential buildings, the estimated hourly flow rate of gas should be determined by the sum of the nominal gas flow rates with gas devices, taking into account their simultaneous operation.

Gas supply of residential building includes laying of gas inlet, installation of gas devices and laying of intra-apartment gas pipelines.

The conditions for installation of gas devices are regulated by the requirements of the relevant regulatory documents .

Site Vertical Layout Plan.

The plan of vertical planning of the construction site as per the task is performed in the design elevations.

The relief on the construction site with a slope of 33.7 ‰, the difference between the northeastern side and the southwestern side is 1.19 m. With a decrease to the southwestern side. The territory of the site was divided into squares with sides 10 * 10 m. In the tops of the squares, black elevations (under the line) calculated by interpolation are placed .

We plan along the black contours with arrows of drain direction from the territory and a general scheme of relief correction (drawing 1). We set the minimum slope for the territory of the site - 5 ‰, and the maximum - 25 ‰. Analyzing the slopes on the sides of the squares, we find that the operation of such a section is unacceptable, and also does not meet the requirements for construction sites, for storing materials and for crane movement. Invalid slopes must be corrected by changing the overfill. Part of the soil for filling will be taken from the trenches under the tape foundation. To create a high-quality soil layer, filling is provided throughout the territory for landscaping of fertile soil up to 0.1 m thick. The vertical layout plan shows profiles on the site and on the roads.

Landing the building on the terrain.

To ensure quick removal of surface water from the building, the basement elevation near the building wall is raised with respect to the edge of the basement by 0.1 m, which is the slope of the pavement at its width of 1 m. – 100 ‰. The height of the base is designed to be the same along the entire perimeter of the building .

The pavement is designed with the same high-altitude landing - 82.96 m. The slope change is provided for the adjacent area. The level of the clean floor is designed at the elevation of 83.56 m, which provides a basement height from the top of the pavement of 0.6 m.

Such a solution to the vertical layout and high-rise location of the building made it possible to ensure the normal removal of surface water from the building, organize the filling of a fertile soil layer for green spaces, and solve the issue of diverting water from the entrance of the building along the access road to the passage.

Structural diagram of the building and provision of spatial stiffness.

Structurally, the building was decided as arceless with longitudinal and transverse bearing walls made of expanded concrete blocks with a pitch of longitudinal walls of 2.55 m.

Spatial rigidity and stability of the building is ensured by conjugation of external walls with internal walls, with floor slabs resting on these walls and attached to them with the help of reinforcement anchors. The seams between the floors are frozen with mortar, therefore, in the aggregate, the structure of the floor floor forms a rigid horizontal disk, which increases the spatial rigidity of the building.