15-storey residential building in Ukhta. Architectural - Structural Section

1.3 Construction site and its relief

The construction site is located on the street. Gazovikov embankment in the IV microdistrict of Ukhta. The natural relief on the site has been preserved almost completely. In some places there is bulk soil. The site is free of buildings and underground communications.

The surface of the site is flat, with a slight slope. The difference in absolute elevations within the section ranges from 88.76 to 89.15 m.

1.5 Sources of heat, water, electricity, heat supply

It is envisaged to provide the building with all types of engineering equipment (electricity, heat supply, water supply) with connection to existing city networks.

Water supply from existing networks. Heating from existing heating networks.

Power supply from substation.

The accepted version of the sewerage network is the start-up of household sewerage connected to the street sewerage network.

1.6 Availability of local building materials and conditions of construction supply with materials, semi-finished products and finished products

The construction area has a developed network of enterprises producing local construction materials.

The brick is supplied by the Ukhta Clay Brick Plant. Carpentry - local carpentry workshops; lumber - by agreement with woodworking plants.

Delivery of paint, finishing, heat insulation materials is carried out in batches to warehouses from Russian factories and companies engaged in the supply of imported construction materials.

Construction materials will be delivered to the construction site by road.

2.2 Heating formwork made of polymer materials for monolithic construction

A new design of heating mats has been developed, which is fundamentally different from those previously produced.

Studies of heating polymer formwork have shown that they are not suitable for heat treatment of concrete. Due to high temperatures, uneven deformations are observed on the heating elements (heating wire) mounted in them due to the thermally stressed state of the formwork. This leads to warping, reduces the durability of the formwork and negatively affects the state of the surface of the structure.

Flexible heating covers have been developed, which are a multi-layer structure. The coating of the heating coating is made of a waterproof heat-resistant fabric, which does not lose its properties when boiling for 15 minutes in water at a temperature of 100 ° C. The fabric has different colors, which allows you to make covers of different colors for different voltages if necessary.

Heating mats are convenient for heating laid concrete of almost any structure. Such heating is indispensable in horizontal structures - floors and coverings of buildings, floors, road and airfield surfaces. When erecting reinforced concrete structures in a permanent formwork, heating mats are convenient for heating them. It is possible to use mats to warm up concrete in columns, walls during early decay, to quickly harden concrete in cold weather.

Mats can be used to warm up concrete in joints of reinforced concrete structures.

For horizontal structures, heating mats with a size of 3x1 m are convenient. For heating joints and some other types of structures, mats with a size of 0.5x3 and 0.5x 2 m, as well as heating belts with a size of 0.3x2 m, are convenient.

The heating coating consists of a flexible waterproof heat-resistant shell, in which a heater and heat insulation are installed. The heater is a wire with a polymer or metal core or electrically conductive carbon graphite fabric. The heater is attached to a special heat-resistant base so that an equal-dimensional temperature field is created on the heating surface.

Heat-resistant thermal insulation with aluminium reflector is installed on one side of heater with reflector turned to it, thus directing heat flow to heating side of coating. The heater can be designed for any voltage from 220 to 35 V or for maximum voltage. Further, the set temperature on the heating surface is maintained automatically. The heating coating measuring 3x1 m has a power of 400x600 W. At a surface temperature of 60 ° С, the electric power consumption for heating 1m2 of the concrete surface is 22.5 kW/h.

The design developed differs from the previously used covers as follows:

- heaters with polymeric core or carbon graphite cloth are used;

- thermal insulation is installed with a thermal reflector directing the heat flow to one side; heat loss is minimized;

- temperature sensor is installed on the heater; by thermal control it is possible to obtain on the heating surface of the mat any temperature from 90 to 10 ° C at any voltage;

- during heating without formwork concrete is protected from moisture losses (floors, airfield and road surfaces);

- along the contour of the cover, holes with a diameter of 1020 mm are made with behind-pressed metal shells, which are used to connect the heating cover to neighboring covers during heating of vertical structures.

Studies performed under full-scale conditions showed that a uniform temperature field is created in the concrete layer adjacent to the mat. The effective heating depth is 20 cm. Deeper layers are warmed more slowly due to the thermal conductivity from the surface layers.

At the end of heating, the mats are disconnected, removed and used to warm up other structures.

Working with heating mats requires compliance with a number of rules that ensure their long-term operation.

Heating mat is laid on freshly laid concrete, previously covered with polyethylene film. If the concrete is grasped and has achieved some strength that prevents it from adhering to the mat, the mat can be laid on the concrete without film.

It is not allowed to install heating mats one on the other or overlapping, as this can cause overheating and destruction of the mat. It is forbidden to walk around mats, install equipment on them or fold materials. Connectors of heating mats shall be protected from snow and rain, lead wires shall be protected from damage. There should be no sparking in the contacts during power supply.

30 prototypes of heating coats were made, 25 of them had a heating wire with a polymer core and 5 with a heater made of a heating wire with a copper core. When manufacturing a coating with a heater equipped with a polymer core, for each of them a size of 1x3 m, 4 wire modules 9 m long were consumed. All modules were switched in parallel and connected to lead wires with a copper core. The lead wires were placed in a cambrick, and fork connectors were installed at their end. Modu-li with a distance of 7580 mm between the strings were attached to a grid of glassware, from which they were installed in the cover of the coating along with thermal insulation from thermoflore 4 mm thick. The side of the thermoflore facing the heater had an aluminum heat-reflecting coating to reduce heat loss to the environment.

Coatings with electric heaters from wire with copper core are made with one module, which significantly reduces the labor costs for manufacturing the coating, reduces the number of contact connections by 4 times, and increases the operational reliability of the products.

Mats were used to warm up concrete of inter-floor floors at the construction of a residential building. The thickness of the floor was 180200 mm. Concrete B25 (M350) on Portland cement M400 with 21 cm cone settlement was used.

Technical recommendations about application of the flexible heating covers intended for warming up of concrete of monolithic designs, temperature, built at positive and negative up to 30 wasps, are developed.

Architectural and structural section

3.1 Master Plan and Improvement

Sheet 1 of the graphic part of the project presents a master plan and improvement of the territory adjacent to the designed building located on the street. Gazovikov embankment in the IV microdistrict of Ukhta. The price-central entrance to the retail and office premises is oriented to the north-east, and the central entrance for residents is oriented to the south-west.

The residential quarter is a multi-storey building.

The project proposes the option of landscaping the adjacent area with the organization of green spaces and the inclusion of the necessary elements for the improvement of the playground, economic platform, recreation area...

For normal living conditions, parking is provided for cars, and a children's playground is also provided.

The width of road passes is accepted: the main road is 6m, secondary roads are 5.5 m. The road is designed with an asphalt concrete surface of the curb type. Along the carriageways there are sidewalks 1.5 and 2 m wide, which are adopted relative to the level of driveways higher by 15 cm. Coverage of pedestrian tracks - asphalt and railway slabs.

To create the best conditions on the site, ordinary and group planting of trees and shrubs is provided.

All elements of landscaping are designed taking into account climate, soils, as well as regulatory distances from underground and above-ground networks and structures. Rain water is drained from the building by natural slope into storm sewage system.

7 Building engineering equipment

3.7.1 Building power supply

Wiring is performed from BRU located in the basement. The electrical network supplies all rooms with fluorescent lighting lamps built in the form of suspensions to floor slabs and to coating structures. There are lighting fixtures in the form of bra in the corridor, in the elevator hall. In rooms with wet mode, protected plafons are adopted. To increase the stability and reliability of the power supply of the designed object, the building: has two cables connected to the power supply, one backup.

Electrical lighting is provided in accordance with SNiP 230595 * "Natural and artificial lighting"

2.7.2 Heating and hot water supply

Heat supply, heating system accepted double-tube with lower vodka.

2.7.3 Ventilation

To ensure air exchange in office premises and residential premises, a system of forced supply and supply valve is used, for the organization of which technical rooms are provided in the basement of the building and on the technical floor. Natural drawing from the rooms is carried out through window frames.

2.7.4.Water supply and drainage

The source of cold water supply is carried out from the citywide water supply.

Hot water supply is provided from existing hot water supply networks.

Connection to the water supply system is carried out through a drain in the riser ending with a valve. The feed line is laid along the wall. The distance from the wall to the pipe axis is 60mm.

Drainage from the washbasin, toilet and bath takes place through pipes laid along the wall, with a slope to the sewer riser. The pipeline is made of polyethylene sewerage shaped parts and pipes. Connection of pipes and shaped parts is performed with compacted rings. The pipeline is laid and fixed by clamps on brackets made in the form of reinforcement bars embedded in the wall.

2.7.5 Telephony

Telephoning is performed from the existing PBX.