Two-storey residential building - Architectural and structural design

Contents

Introduction

1. Project Input and Composition

2. Space-planning solution of the building

3. Structural solution of the building

4. Sanitary and engineering equipment of the building

5. Technical and economic indicators

List of literature

Introduction

Low-rise housing construction is a dynamically developing and promising volume and priority sector of Belarusian construction.

In the developed world, the new housing stock is 6,575 per cent low-rise; however, it is 6,080 percent formed by wooden houses, which differ in high environmental parameters and are almost a third cheaper than brick. Finland is developing and implementing the Wooden Europe program.

Low-rise residential buildings are characterized by a very wide typology, taking into account national and regional traditions, the presence of a land plot and the possibility of conducting economic activities on it, a large, as a rule, general and residential area compared to the areas of mass types of apartments in multi-storey buildings, significant individualization of design and planning solutions, emerging levels of social status of owners of low-rise buildings, various forms of organization of their construction, the possibility of multifunctionality. In addition to the rational layout of the premises, according to certain functional processes, the convenience of all buildings is ensured by the correct distribution of stairs, the placement of equipment and engineering devices (sanitary appliances, heating, ventilation).

Cost reduction in construction is carried out by rational volume planning solutions of buildings, correct selection of construction and finishing materials, design facilitation, improvement of construction methods.

Experience has shown that when skillfully taking into account the natural features of the area, using traditional and modern materials and techniques, including individual buildings built according to individual projects, urban areas acquire unique architectural expressiveness.

The purpose of the task is to master the basics of the methodology and skills of creating individual design solutions for residential buildings with compositional, functional-rational expressiveness.

2. Space-planning solution of the building

Course work on the design of a residential building intended for construction in Minsk. The construction site has an even terrain. Orientation of the CU building, which ensures the most favorable insolation and ventilation of all indoor spaces.

The building is a brick residential building, without a basement consisting of 1 apartment.

Floor height - 3.05m.

The height of the room is 2.82m.

On the 1st floor there are the following rooms: - living room, kitchen, veranda, combined bathroom, living room (bedrooms).

On the second floor - living rooms (bedrooms), a combined bathroom.

Entrance to the apartment is carried out through the veranda due to the increased requirements for thermal insulation in this climatic area.

Link between floors using a stair. The width of the staircase is 0.9 m.

Overall dimensions of the building in axes: 9000kh10500mm

Elevation of cornice bottom along axis "1" + 6.580m, and along axis "3" + 4.400m

The top elevation of the skate is + 8.770 m.

3. Structural solution of the building

Structural diagram with longitudinal and transverse bearing walls. The rigidity and stability of the building is ensured by mutual dressing of masonry rows at the intersection of walls.

The level of clean floor of the first floor is accepted as elevation 0.000.

Foundations - reinforced concrete columnar. Foundation depth for external walls is 1.700m relative to ground floor level or 1.200m relative to ground elevation. Depth of laying under the inner walls is 1.400 m relative to the floor level of the first floor or 1.200m relative to the planning elevation of the ground. Dimensions of foundations on external walls in plan view - 1000x1250mm, 1000x1000mm, and for internal walls - 1000x1000mm and 1500x1000mm. Reinforced concrete foundation beams with the size of 400x300mm are supported on the heads of columnar foundations.

External walls - all walls are made of ceramic brick, wall thickness is 380 mm. On the outer side of the wall there is a insulation layer with a thickness of 100 mm and a protective screen on the base.

Internal walls - all bearing walls are made of ceramic brick, wall thickness is 380, 250 mm.

Partitions - all partitions are made of ceramic brick, the thickness of the partitions is 120 mm.

Floors - designed from wooden beams 100x180mm.

Floors - designed depending on the purpose of the room:

- from piece ceramic materials (bathrooms and kitchen);

- planks in living rooms and living rooms (bedrooms).

The roof is pitched, with a system of wooden rafters.

The roof is metal.

Stairs - the inner staircase of the two marching is made of wooden cosors. The width of the flight of stairs is 900mm. Between the stairways there is one intermediate platform 900 mm wide. Wooden railings, carved with a height of 1.1m.

The external "invitation" staircase is made of concrete with the next facing with ceramic tiles.

Windows and doors

Window sizes are adopted in accordance with the regulatory requirements of natural illumination and standards. Windows are accepted with double glazing in wooden bindings.

OK1 - 1500kh1500mm;

OK2 - 900kh1500mm;

OK3 - 1200kh1500mm;

OK4 - 3600kh1500mm.

Doors in the outer and inner walls without quarters.

D1 - 900kh2100mm;

D2 - 700kh2100mm.

The doors on the escape routes open outside.

Finish - The interior of the walls and partitions is plastered. The walls of bathrooms and bathrooms are lined with ceramic tiles over the entire height of the room. The walls of the living rooms are glued with high-quality wallpaper, kitchen walls with washing wallpaper.

4. Sanitary and engineering equipment of the building.

Sanitary equipment of the designed building includes hot and cold water pipelines, sewage and gas; water treatment and heating devices, gas devices.

The building is equipped with electric, low-current, telephone network.

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