Ventilation automation

Contents

Contents

Source Data

Selection of design air parameters

Calculation of the number of harmful emissions in the premises

Determination of normalized air exchange in rooms

Description of the accepted design solutions for the systems

ventilation

Aerodynamic calculation of ventilation systems

Selection of equipment for ventilation systems and

conditioning

Acoustic calculation of ventilation systems

Air Conditioning and Heating Calculation

premises of the main book depository

Literature

Appendix A. Design supply air flow rate

Appendix B. Aerodynamic calculation of systems

ventilation

Annex B. I-d diagram for system K1

Source Data

1.1 Characteristics of the object

Chelyabinsk Regional Universal Scientific Library is located at: Chelyabinsk, pr. Lenin, 60 (Central district). The orientation of the main facade is south.

The stock collection of the library has 1.5 million storage units.

Construction area - I B.

1.2 Heat Supply Source

The source of heat supply is external heat networks. The settlement temperature schedule of the heat carrier water - 10570 wasps, pressure difference on input of 196.2 kPa (20 m of century of the article). Entry - from the side of the street. Yelkin with two pipes Ø89 × 3.5 .

Connection of heating lines of ventilation, air conditioning and air heating systems - in the ITR control unit according to a dependent scheme.

1.3 Number and composition of employees,

calculation of exposition attendance

Lecture Hall (pom. No. 108) – 18 people;

Sector of rare books (pom. No. 111)-8 of the people;

Department of Local History (reading room) (pom. No. 118) – 12 people;

Reading room No. 8 (pom. No. 205) – 39 people;

Reading room of the scientific and methodological department (pom. No. 209) – 8 people;

Hall of the main catalog and exhibitions (pom. No. 210) – 50 people;

Room "American Center" (pom. No. 212) – 12 people;

Reading room No. 6 (pom. No. 215) – 57 people;

Reading room of current periods. editions No. 4 (pom. No. 302) – 75 people;

Internet center "IATP" (pom. No. 305) - 50 people;

Lecture hall No. 1 (pom. No. 306) - 134 people.;

Hall of Doctors and Candidates of Sciences No. 2 (pom. No. 308) – 35 people;

Hall for specialists No. 5 (pom. No. 311) – the 75th persons.

Main characteristics of the design object are given in Table 1.1

Selection of design air parameters

2.1 Selection of design parameters of outdoor air

2.2 Selection of design parameters of internal air

In the premises of the main book storage and rare book sector, the calculated parameters of the internal air for warm and cold periods in accordance with/2/:

internal air temperature - 18˚S;

relative humidity - 55%.

In other rooms, where the air exchange is determined by calculation, according to Table B.1/3/the internal air temperature is determined as the outside air temperature according to parameters A plus 3˚S. Relative air humidity - maximum within permissible limits (as per Table B.1/3/) - 65%.

Calculation of the number of harmful emissions in the premises

Depending on the purpose of the premises and the technological processes carried out in them, the nature of harmful emissions changes. In administrative and public buildings, the sources of harmful emissions are mainly people. They emit heat, moisture and carbon dioxide. In addition, a significant part of the heat comes to the premises from artificial lighting and from solar radiation through translucent fences, and for a class I air conditioning system, it is also necessary to take into account the heat flow through massive external fences.

3.1 Calculation of Heat Receipts

The calculation task is to determine the maximum excess heat in the room at the calculated outside air parameters for the warm and cold periods of the year, since this value serves as the basis for calculating the air exchange in the room, choosing the performance of ventilation and air conditioning systems .

3.1.1 Arrival of heat from people

Calculations are presented for the main catalogue room, for other rooms the calculation is tabulated and presented in Table 4.1.

From people, the rooms receive obvious heat (due to radiant-convective heat exchange with air and surfaces of the room) and hidden heat released with the moisture of exhaled air and due to evaporation from the surface of the skin. The total heat is equal to the sum of the apparent and latent heat. Heat inputs from people depend on the severity of the work performed, the temperature and humidity of the ambient air, and the heat-insulating properties of the clothes .

In relation to the premises of the library, the labor activity of the people in them falls into the category of light work.

The amount of heat generated by one adult male is taken according to table 2.2/3/. Heat emissions from a woman are considered equal to 85%, and from a child - 75% of heat emissions from a man .

3.1.2 Heat emissions from artificial lighting

It is assumed that during the greatest solar activity, artificial lighting in all calculated rooms with the exception of the main book storage will be turned off, therefore, the calculation of heat inputs will not be taken into account.

3.1.3 Arrival of heat from solar radiation

Through filling of light openings

The light openings of the halls are oriented to the north, west, south, east. The calculation is carried out for the hours of maximum heat input from solar radiation according to the procedure set forth in/6/.

1. There is no heat input from solar radiation to the general subscription hall.

2. There are no heat inputs from solar radiation to the music and music hall.

Determination of normalized air exchange in rooms

Most rooms of the building are characterized by a constant composition and intensity of harmful emissions, therefore, air exchange ratios are set for them. Standard air exchange ratios in different rooms are adopted in accordance with/2/,/4/. The air exchange values according to the established ratios are presented in Appendix A. The amount of air supplied to the lecture and reading rooms is taken equal to the air flow rate with the largest heat losses, determined by the calculation. As the calculated air exchange, the maximum air exchange is taken from the received costs by hazards, multiplicity or sanitary standards .

In the calculated rooms, the amount of ventilation air is calculated based on the condition of dilution of thermal and gas emissions to permissible temperatures and concentrations in the working zone.

Air exchanges are determined by the above procedure

The process beam is less than 10000 kJ/kg, so the calculation of air exchange will be carried out on excess of total heat

Angular factor calculated for spaces with non-obvious coefficient value

The plenum system is calculated according to the outdoor sanitary standard, which according to/3, annex M.1/is: 20 m3/h per person - for all halls.

The value of the quantity of supply air according to sanitary standards supplied to the halls in the winter and summer periods is summarized in the table.

It can be seen from the table that the air exchange calculated for excess hazards in the premises much exceeds the air exchange according to sanitary standards. Costs calculated for hazards require the laying of additional air ducts of sufficiently large sections. This is not possible for structural (width of plates 400 mm, weakened walls), and for architectural reasons.

Based on the above, and in accordance with the Engineering Specification, it was decided to create ventilation systems, the costs for which are calculated according to sanitary standards and regulatory ratios.

Description of the accepted design solutions for the systems

ventilation, air conditioning and air heating

In the rooms of the main book storage, according to the terms of reference, an air conditioning and air heating system is designed, combined with plenum ventilation - K1.

In addition, seven plenum ventilation systems (P1... P7), ten mechanical exhaust systems (B1... B10), air conditioning systems for the rare book sector and auxiliary book stores (pom. 102. 122) based on precision air conditioners (K2... K4), air conditioning systems for server (pom. 202 and 402) based on wall splits (K5, K6) and a multi-zone system for rooms 210 and 305 (K7).

Plenum plants are located on the basement in the rooms of ventilation chambers (pom. Nos. 006 and 042). Exhaust ventilation equipment is located on the technical floor (attic).

P1... P7 systems provide direct-flow air supply to all rooms where supply air is required (except for fixed assets). Air conditioning, air heating with K1 recirculation serves fixed assets .

In some rooms only air removal is provided (see Annex A).

Air is supplied to the premises through adjustable aluminum wall air distributors AMN, Arktos AMR and existing cast-iron decorative grilles.

For K1 and B4 systems serving the main book depository, the project uses frame-panel plenum installations of the KLG type from Frivent (Austria).

The remaining systems are equipped with Systemair channel fans installed on the technical floor due to low performance and increased noise performance requirements.

Air ducts of exhaust and plenum systems are made of galvanized sheet steel, and internal brick channels laid during the construction of the building are also used. Transit air ducts all the way to the room for ventilation equipment are provided from non-combustible materials (brick, galvanized steel). Steel transit ducts (where necessary) are covered with Firex 300 8 mm thick fire retardant coating with a fire resistance rating of 90 min (EI 90).

For the K1 system (as an air heating system) according to the requirements/3/, a backup fan is provided.

Aerodynamic calculation of ventilation system

6.1 Aerodynamic calculation of mechanical ventilation system

Aerodynamic calculation is carried out in order to determine the dimensions of the cross section of the network sections, as well as the total resistance of the duct network, which determines the choice of the fan.

The calculation shall be carried out according to the procedure presented in the designer's handbook (5, para. 22.3/.

The cross-sectional dimensions of air ducts are selected according to the maximum permissible air speeds in air ducts, louver grates and valves. With mechanical inducement of air, allowable air velocities in air ducts for institutions (5) are:

up to 8 m/s in main ducts;

up to 5 m/s on branches.

Selection of equipment for ventilation and air conditioning systems

7.1 Selection of plenum units

To supply supply air to the main book storage, central air conditioners of the KLG type (central frame panel type air conditioners) manufactured by Frivent (Austria) are used, differing from domestic analogues in higher reliability and low noise.

Description of KLG units

a) Air intake screens

They are installed to prevent rain, snow and mechanical objects from entering the installations at a height of 2 m from ground level.

b) Air intake valves

They are used to receive incoming air. Valves are equipped with TENs and an electric drive with a spring return, ensuring that the blades are closed during an emergency power outage. Air velocity in the live section of air intake screens and insulated valves, when air filters are located against them, is not more than 4 m/s.

c) Filter units

KLG air conditioners are equipped with pocket filter units designed for cleaning atmospheric air with a dust content of more than 1mg/m3. Filter elements are mounted in frames, installed on guide rails and removed from service side.

d) Water heater unit.

The conditioner heat exchangers are a multi-row bundle of copper seamless pipes finned with corrugated plates and enclosed in a galvanized steel frame. Hot water with parameters 105 - 70 0С is used as coolant. The recommended flow rate of liquid in the tubes is from 0.2 to 1.5 m/s.

e) Cooling section

The cooling section is a multi-row bundle of copper seamless pipes ribbed with corrugated plates and enclosed in a galvanized steel frame. Antifreeze with parameters 3.49 - 8.6 0С is used as coolant. The recommended flow rate of liquid in the tubes is from 0.3 to 1.5 m/s.

Equipped with pallet and drip trap. The recommended air speed is up to 4 m/s.

f) Humidification unit

The humidification unit is the so-called surface humidification section ("irrigable nozzle"). The main element is a cassette with hygroscopic material, to which water is supplied through flexible pipes by a circulation pump built into the unit from the tray. The material of the nozzle absorbs moisture, and when passing through its developed surface, the air is moistened. Unassigned moisture in the form of drops flows into the tray. The humidification unit has built-in make-up float valve, overflow valves, drain valves, etc. The unit is supplied with tap water and sewerage line for water drain.

g) Fan unit

In central air conditioners, radial fans of double-sided suction, low and medium pressure are used.

The selection of the central air conditioner and plenum unit for the K1 and P1 systems is made using a computer program .

The selection of fans is carried out according to the performance characteristics: capacity L, m3/h, network resistance, RSE, Pa. Equipment resistance (valve, filter, heater, cooler) is considered by the program.

The main technical characteristics of the units are presented in Appendix B, overall dimensions - in the graphic part of the project.

Fans are selected according to individual characteristics, developed taking into account optimal technical and economic parameters, in the following order: according to the given values ​ ​ of productivity and pressure, the operating characteristic of the fan is on the summary graph. According to individual characteristics, the following are determined: speed of the impeller n, min1; Efficiency of the fans a; power consumption N, kW. The characteristics of the fans are presented in the manufacturer's catalogs.

Acoustic calculation of ventilation systems

Noise sources in ventilation and air conditioning systems are fans, motors, air distributors.

The noise characteristics of the fans are specified in the catalogs .

Calculation of air conditioning and heating of the main book storage rooms

9.1 Heat Engineering Calculation of Enclosing Structures

9.1.1 Outer Wall Calculation (HC)

The construction of the outer wall (near the foundations) is brickwork made of red full-white brick δ = 900mm (3.5 bricks). According to Annex 1/7/the humidity zone is dry - 3. Humidity mode of building rooms is normal (Table 1/7/). Operating conditions of enclosing structures are A (Appendix 2/7/).

9.1.2 Calculation of attic floor (emergency)

The attic floor consists of a reinforced concrete hollow slab and a layer of insulation - backfilling from blast furnace slag 150 mm thick.

Summary

Explanatory note to Section II. Reconstruction of ventilation, air conditioning, air heating and automation systems in the building of the Chelyabinsk Regional Universal Scientific Library. - Chelyabinsk: LLC YuzhUralVentStroy, 2007, 62 pages. Literature bibliography - 11 titles, 16 sheets of A1 format drawings, equipment specification on 36 sheets.

In this project, ventilation, air conditioning and air heating systems are being developed

Literature

1. SNiP 230199. Construction climatology. - M.: PMT CPI, 2000. - 59s

2. SNiP 2.08.0289 * (2003). Public buildings and structures. - M.: Stroyizdat, 1990.

3. SNiP 41012003. Heating, ventilation and air conditioning/Gosstroy of Russia. - M.: State Committee of the Russian Federation for Construction and Housing, 2004.

4. Internal sanitary facilities. Designer Reference Book. At 3 h. Ch.3. Ventilation and air conditioning. Kn.1/V.N. Theological, A.I. Pirumov and others; Ed. N.N. Pavlova and Yu.I. Schiller. - M.: Stroyizdat, 1992. - 319s.: il.

5. Internal sanitary facilities. Designer Reference Book. At 3 h. Ch.3. Ventilation and air conditioning. Kn.2/B.V. Barkalov, N.N. Pavlov, S.S. Amirdzhanov and others; Ed. N.N. Pavlova and Yu.I. Schiller. - M.: Stroyizdat, 1992. - 416s.: il.

6. Heating, ventilation and air conditioning. Reference manual. - M. Pantori, 2003.

7. SNiP II379 *. Construction Heat Engineering/Ministry of Construction of Russia. - M.: GP CPI, 1995. - 29s.

8. Calculation of solar radiation heat input to the premises. Allowance 2.91 to SNiP 2.04.0591 *.

9. Instructions for designing libraries. SN 54882/State Citizen Building. - M.: Stroyizdat, 1983. – 32 pages.

10. Course and degree design in ventilation of civil and industrial buildings: Textbook for universities/V. P. Titov, E.V. Sazonov, Yu.S. Krasnov, V.I. Novozhilov. - M.: Stroyizdat, 1985. – 208 pages.

11. Ventilation and air conditioning systems. Theory and practice. Tutorial - M.: "Euroclimate," 2000416 s.