Valve-type homogenizer

Contents

Introduction

1 Status of the question and literary review

2 Description of process design and principle of action

3 Technical description and calculations

3.1 Process calculation

3.2 Structural calculation

3.3 Thermal calculation

3.4 Strength calculation

3.5 Kinematic calculation

4 Occupational safety requirements

Conclusion

List of sources used

Appendix A. Homogenizer assembly drawing

Appendix B. Detail Drawings

Appendix B. Schematic documentation

Introduction

Homogenization is the mechanical process of separating particles of a substance into parts with very small sizes (100200 μm and smaller) of particles in order to prevent rapid stratification of the product and increase its digestibility. Fine milling is widely used in the canning industry in the production of juices with flesh, children's preserves; meat and dairy - in the production of meat products for baby food, a large range of whole dairy products, pastes, puddings, mayonnaise; medical and pharmaceutical industries in the production of medical preparations and various cosmetic and perfume products for consumption.

In all cases, fine grinding is achieved by homogenization, i.e. by passing the product at a high speed of the order of 150300 m/s through narrow slots (capillaries) in high or medium pressure pumps-homogenizers of the valve type, centrifugal, ultrasonic.

As a result of the influence of various hydrodynamic factors on the product, solid particles of products are crushed and their intensive mechanical treatment. After homogenization, the amount of dispersed particles increases by about 200... 500 times, and their total surface - by 6... 8 times. Homogenization not only changes the dispersion of the protein components of the product, but also affects the physicochemical properties of the product (density, viscosity, homogeneity of the composition, etc.). homogenizer valve structure

The main working elements of the homogenizing head are a seat and a valve, the design of which to a certain extent depends on the degree of dispersion of particles during homogenization. The valve slot may be smooth and wavy with a constant or variable cross section.

To overcome the resistance when passing through a narrow slot, the product is supplied under high pressure (15... 30 MPa).

The force P exerted when the product is supplied lifts the valve and a narrow channel of height h is formed between the valve and the seat through which the liquid flows. The valve remains above the seat in a floating state, and due to a change in hydrodynamic conditions (pressure, vibration), the height of the channel constantly changes.

The force with which the valve is pressed against the seat is often created by a spring, in some structures - by oil under pressure and can be adjusted. Its value is determined by the pressure at which the product is supplied. The fineness of the grinding (homogenization) depends on the pressure, the design of the homogenizing member, the uniformity of supply, the condition and the pretreatment of the product.

Conclusion

Homogenization is an important component of the dairy production process. After homogenization, the amount of dispersed particles increases by about 200... 500 times, and their total surface - by 6... 8 times. Homogenization not only changes the dispersion of the protein components of the product, but also affects the physicochemical properties of the product (density, viscosity, homogeneity of the composition, etc.).

The process of homogenizing food media can be implemented in ultrasonic, centrifugal, valve-type devices. Processes of homogenization of food media in homogenizers of these types are considered. Valve-type homogenizers have been found to be the most common in industry. Described is a method of dispersing fat beads of milk on the example of valve homogenizer operation.

Homogenizers for dispersion of milk fat K5OGA1,2 were reviewed; A1-OGM-2.5; A1OGM; K5-OGA-10, process calculation of main parameters of homogenizers is performed. According to the best indicators of specific energy intensity, material intensity and overall dimensions, the K5OG2A1.25 device was chosen. Design and operating principle of said homogenizer is described.