Two storey cottage for two families -AR

Introduction.

Most civilian buildings (residential, commercial, medical) are built according to standard projects. Typing is based on the selection of the most efficient space-planning and structural solutions for a given period, which give the best economic result in the construction and operation of buildings, and provide comfort when using these buildings.

Buildings are built using modern structural and finishing materials. They must fit organically into the landscape environment. At the same time, all amenities should be provided for comfortable living in them. The material environment for various aspects of human activity in society is public buildings. The diversity of forms of social life has also led to a large variety of types and types of public buildings.

4.3 Excavation technology.

4.3.1 Instructions for earthworks.

1. By the beginning of work it is necessary to have:

a) Work order for earthworks;

b) Scheme of pit splitting with application of existing underground utilities;

c) Permission to perform earthworks from Gorelektrosset and other organizations;

d) Running sights to check design elevations of the pit bottom;

e) Earthworks project, which uses this standard map.

2. Earthworks shall be carried out in two stages:

a) preparatory works;

c) directly development of the pit.

Preparatory works: installation of temporary access roads, geodetic breakdown of the building axes, fencing of the construction site, installation of a cover with a leader of vertical elevations and axes of the building on the cover, fixing of the pit axes on the ground. Access roads are organized for servicing excavators and the delivery of mechanisms to the facility, lighting of the construction site for the second shift.

After completion of preparatory work, excavator E-505, equipped with a reverse shovel, develops soil with loading into the MAZ205 dump truck.

Cleaning of the bottom of the pit is carried out by bulldozer D342.

3. Section U1 "Special conditions" prescribes the requirements for performance of works in cramped conditions, in places of passage of overhead power transmission lines, high-voltage cables, communications.

4. After completion of the works, an as-built diagram and a work acceptance certificate with a quality assessment are drawn up. Quality of performed works is determined according to SNiP III - B.

5.3 Selection and maintenance of mounting mechanisms.

Depending on the degree of consolidation, installation methods are divided into:

- element-by-element installation, separate elements;

- unit installation, with blocks of several elements;

- installation by enlarged modules.

During installation of this building, element-by-element installation is used .

The advantage of this method is that complex preparatory work is not required, the disadvantage is a large number of climbs. Element-by-element installation is most common for mass structures of buildings. During installation with structural elements or assemblies, separate finished structures or their large parts are supplied and installed. This method requires a minimum cost of preparatory work and is most convenient for installation from vehicles, greatly simplifies the alignment of structures. But the number of rises is maximum. After the construction of a certain part of the brickwork ,

floor slabs are mounted, and on the top floor of the floor slab. During the construction of multi-storey buildings, slabs are stored near the building with a reserve of 10 days.