Travel type rack - drawing

Contents

Maintaining

1. Purpose, Design Description

2. Device and operating principle

3. Design part

4. Works carried out on the rack

5. Safety precautions

Conclusion

Bibliographic list

Summary

Number of pages of explanatory note -24;

Graphic part - 1 sheet of A4 format;

The number of drawings presented in the course work is 2;

In this course work, a travel type overpass was designed.

As a result of the rack design, the following parameters were determined:

• total rack length - 18 m;

• width of inclined parts of estokady5 m;

• altitude 1.5 m;

• shirina2.8 m.

Introduction

Maintaining road transport in a technically serviceable state depends to a large extent on the level of development and conditions of operation of the production and technical base of the enterprise. The technological base represents set of the buildings, constructions, processing equipment, equipment and tool intended for maintenance, maintenance, diagnosing and storage of the rolling stock.

The timely and high-quality performance of maintenance and repair of cars, compliance with state standards and "Rules of technical operation" depends on the perfection of design, quality of manufacture and metrological characteristics of technological equipment in general and racks in particular.

The use of the rack significantly increases the level of mechanization of production, this allows you to significantly increase the technical readiness of the fleet and the timely production of cars on the line.

The overpass is not only used in the automotive industry, but is often used as a bridge over railway tracks or other obstacles, or a overpass access to the span of a high bridge, and sometimes simply to separate the highway (often metro) from the city infrastructure (for example, in Bangkok). Overpasses are the main part of overpasses.

Overpasses are often elements of other transport facilities: a ramp (ramp), river bridges, multi-level access roads to and in buildings (to the international airport terminal, multi-level parking), etc., a special auxiliary device, a platform on piles, originally for the berth of ships, which allows you to significantly reduce the process of loading and unloading cargo.

1. Purpose, Design Description

Transport overpass (fr. Estacade) - an extended engineering structure, consisting of a number of the same type of supports and spans, designed to place the road above ground level in order to bypass occupied land (most often in cities) or traffic flows.

Racks are easily mounted, often mobile devices made of concrete, steel or wood, installed indoors and outdoors. Overpasses are widespread in field maintenance and repair of cars (in particular, in military motor tractor fleets).

Trestle - a structure of iron parts with a pit from below, for inspection of the car.

Racks are gauge bridges made of metal, reinforced concrete or wood, placed above the floor level by 0.7... 1.5 m.

To enter cars on the trestle, inclined ramps with a slope of 20... 25% are used. Racks can be dead-end and straight-flow, stationary or mobile. To reduce the length of the frame, the height of the rack is reduced to 0.7... 0.8 m, and a shallow ditch is placed under it. Such a device is called a half-stage.

4. Works carried out on the rack

The overpass is a universal design that allows you to service the car with the greatest convenience and less time loss. The racks are washed, diagnosed, visually inspected, repaired and adjusted. The design of the car and operating conditions do not always allow us to get to those places where a malfunction was found.

Works which allow to carry out the rack:

1. Diagnosis is the determination of the mechanical condition of cars, their units and assemblies without disassembly.

The purpose of maintenance diagnostics is to:

• Determination of actual maintenance requirements by comparing actual parameter values with maximum permissible ones;

• predicting the moment of failure or failure of a particular vehicle unit;

• Evaluation of the quality of maintenance of the vehicle units and assemblies.

The purpose of diagnostics during repair is:

• identification of causes of failure or failure of vehicle units and assemblies;

• Establishment of the most effective method of troubleshooting;

• quality control of repair works.

In the process of maintenance and repair of cars, it is provided:

• general (complex) diagnosis (D1);

• element-by-element (in-depth) diagnosis (D2);

• repair diagnostics (Dr).

2. TO-1. During TO-1, all the works included in the EO are performed, as well as additional ones that ensure the failure-free operation of units, units and systems of the car for a mileage to the next TO-1.

TO-1 engine:

• Washing works;

• Fastening works;

• Lubrication works;

• Listening to the engine in different modes for noises and knocks;

• Leak check of the cooling system;

• Leak check of lubrication system; addition of oil, if necessary; drain of sediment from oil filters;

• Leak check of the power supply system;

• Washing and replacement of air filter oil (replacement of dry air filter);

• Cleaning of spark plugs from coke, clearance adjustment.

TO-1 brake system:

• Check of brake system tightness, elimination of air or brake fluid leakage if necessary;

• Fastening works;

• Lubrication works;

• Condensate lowering from air cylinders;

• Check of the hand brake drive;

• Check of brake valve drive;

• Check the free and working stroke of the brake pedal, adjust if necessary.

TO-1 steering:

• Fastening works;

• Lubrication works;

• Check of cotter pin nuts of pivoting trunnions levers;

• Checking and filling of oil in the steering crankcase;

• Check of steering gear tightness;

TO-1 of undercarriage:

• Check the condition of the frame, springs, undercuts, shock absorbers and wheels;

• Check and adjustment of wheel hub bearings;

• Fastening and lubrication works;

• Check of NLG condition;

• Check of tyre air pressure;

TO-1 electrical equipment of the car:

• Cleaning from dust and dirt of the battery, cleaning the ventilation holes in the plugs, leak check, checking the electrolyte level and its density;

• Check of generator attachment and drive belt tension, lubrication of bearings;

• Lubrication of the breaker-distributor shaft;

• Check the operation of instrumentation, sound signal, various motors, if sound force adjustment is required.

TO-1 transmission:

• Fastening and lubrication works ;

• Check of brake fluid level (its filling) of clutch disengagement hydraulic drive;

• Check (addition) of oil in the checkpoint;

• Oil addition to the main transmission.

3. TO-2. During TO-2, all work in the scope of TO1 is carried out, as well as additional work of high labor capacity, revealed by the results of D2.

TO-2 engine.

• Check of compression in engine cylinders;

• Check of tightness of head connection with cylinder block, if necessary tightening of nuts and bolts of its attachment (with the help of dynamometer wrench in several approaches, gradually moving from center to edges);

• Replacement of engine oil with engine washing; replacement of fine oil filter; cleaning of coarse filter;

• Replacement of coolant;

• cleaning and flushing of engine crankcase ventilation system.

TO-2 brake system

• Check of compressor operation and tension of drive belt and its adjustment;

• Check of safety valve operation;

• Adjustment of pedal free travel;

• Adjustment of the hand brake.

TO-2 steering

• Check of tension of drive belt of oil pump of rudder hydraulic booster;

• Check of play and amount of force required for steering operation;

• Oil replacement in steering gear and hydraulic booster with flushing;

• Air removal from TO-2 undercarriage hydraulic drive system;

• Inspection of front axle beam;

• If necessary, adjust the angle of convergence and collapse of the wheels, as well as the angle of tilt of the pivot;

• Check of shock absorbers;

• Make sure that there are no distortions of the front and rear bridges.

Frame condition is checked. Spring ladders, shock absorbers and jet rods are fixed. Reliability of wheels attachment is revealed.

TO-2 car electrical equipment

• Check of the condition of the brush and collector of the generator and starter, blowing with compressed air; check of relay-regulator operation .

TO-2 transmissions

• Removal of air from hydraulic drive system, adjustment of clutch release drive;

• Checkpoint: oil replacement with flushing; adjustment of mechanism drive

gear shifts; cleaning the sapun;

• lubrication of bearings of gimbal splines;

• main gear: oil replacement, adjustment works.

Conclusion

In this coursework, I designed a travel-type overpass. In the course of solving this problem, the method of calculating the main elements and assemblies of the rack for strength and stability was mastered, the design dimensions of the parts were selected that best correspond to this type of rack. Design skills have been developed to ensure the necessary technical level, reliability and long life of the mechanism.

The designed rack has increased stability due to its simple design.

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