TPVS

Contents

Source Data

Determination of duration of installation works

Prefabricated structure specification

Selection of installation methods

Table of labour intensity of works

Selection of installation crane

Selection of mounting devices

Termination of prefabricated joints

Features of installation works in winter

Definition of crane impact zones

On-site road design

Safety precautions during installation works

Calculation of technical and economic indicators

List of literature

Source data.

The block is an ordinary section with end ends 5-storey 10 apartment.

Panels of external walls are reinforced concrete three-layer with a thickness of 300 mm, internal - prefabricated reinforced concrete flat panels of cassette manufacture with a thickness of 120 mm - inter-apartment, 80 mm - inter-room. Slabs - of heavy concrete, flat panels (cassette manufacturing) 220 mm thick. Staircases are flat reinforced concrete, staircases are reinforced concrete to flat marches.

Construction district - Izhevsk.

The start of construction is June.

Soil on the construction site - loam.

Select installation methods.

Building structures are installed in-line. Lifting, installation, alignment and temporary fixing are carried out using lifting machines. Reinforced concrete structures are mounted according to process charts of the installation works execution project.

Large-panel buildings are erected with tower cranes, which are installed on the side opposite to the entrances to the staircases, choosing a horizontally upward direction for the development of the work front. One or two sections within the floor are taken as the mounting section. The number of erection cranes is calculated based on the directive construction period and the condition that the minimum number of sections served by one crane. In-line installation is equal to two.

Reinforced concrete structures are rigid. They are delivered and installed without temporary reinforcement, slung by mounting loops, through specially arranged holes or into the girth.

The installation of large-panel houses consists of the installation of wall panels, san-technical blocks, partitions, the laying of elements of staircases, floor panels and coverings, as well as of related processes for sealing joints between elements .

The installation sequence of wall panels depends on which walls are structural - longitudinal or transverse.

In houses with longitudinal bearing walls, panels of the outer wall, the most distant from the crane, and panels of the end walls are first mounted, then panels of the inner longitudinal wall, transverse intersectional walls and walls of staircases, the last - panels of the outer longitudinal wall closest to the crane and adjacent panels, as well as ventilation blocks of the inner walls.

Before installation of vertical structures of the ground part on the floor, places of their installation are marked and metal fixators or concrete beacon marks are installed to support the panels according to design elevations. A solution bed is placed between the retainers or stamps, which should be higher than the grades on the 3... 5 cm. Under the external wall panels, in addition to mortar, heat-insulating and sealing gaskets are laid.

External wall panels are installed with the help of templates and hairlines applied on the floor. Until slings are removed, panels are temporarily fixed with rigid braces attached to special loops of wall panels and to mounting loops of floor panels. Wall panels adjoining each other at right angle are connected by angular connections with swivel-like strubcins. Vertical and elevations of the top face of the panel are checked with a ruler plumb. Position of detachable structure is corrected with coupling clutches and nuts of braces and links.

After final adjustment of panels they are fixed in design position by welding of embedded parts, reinforcement outlets or other fasteners; metal elements are protected from corrosion and ground. Increase the spatial accuracy of panel installation, including the alignment of the elements along the

building height allows forced spatial self-fixation. Mounting panels are equipped with fixing metal parts forming locking joints when mating. Mounting equipment is used only for installation of the base element. Accuracy of installation of subsequent elements is ensured by previously installed ones.

Install interior wall panels. Installation of internal wall panels can be carried out by free or limited-free method using individual or group mounting equipment, respectively.

When using individual mounting equipment, the installation of internal wall panels is carried out as well as external wall panels with single-row cutting, that is, the bottom of the panels is installed at risk, relative to the vertical along the rack-plumb (rack-level). Temporary fixation of panels is performed by means of braces, end posts or angular links.

Installation of partitions. Installation of partitions is carried out as a rule after installation of the main load-bearing structures. Partitions in plan are installed by alignment of one of faces with mounting hairlines or by use of template with its thrust surface. How the partitions are temporarily secured depends on their design, size, and location in the plan.

If the partitions have door openings or free ends, then their temporary fixation should be carried out with the help of end posts. Installation of partitions in vertical position is performed by means of rack-plumb. Permanent fixation of partitions is carried out in accordance with the design after laying of slabs.

Installation of floor slabs. For installation of slabs with their transfer in process of their supply to place of laying from vertical (transport) position to horizontal (design) one uses a load-gripping device with a tilter. It is a polyspast with a hydrotormosis, on which a bracing and a block suspension with slings are fixed. Lifting capacity of the device 8 t, weight - 618 kg

Floor slabs are laid after installation and fixation in accordance with the design of all wall elements on the grip and loading the necessary parts and materials to the mounted floor.

Floor slabs begin to be laid from the staircase, which allows immediately after laying the first slab along the mounted stairways and platforms to rise to the floor and continue installation. The first plate during laying is accepted from the appendages. Slabs are laid on solution layer by beacons, or "dry" with subsequent sewing of sutures by solution. In plan, slabs are laid in compliance with equal platforms of support .

Installation of sanitary cabins, stairways and platforms. Sanitary cabins in the plan are installed by risks. During installation of cabins sewage and water-supply risers are combined with corresponding risers of lower cabins. Connection of pipe risers is performed through the installation panel. Vertical alignment of installed cockpits is performed by rail-plumb.

When installing staircases and flights, care should be taken to ensure that the design elevations of the support surfaces are carefully observed and that the platforms are positioned accurately in the plan. Correct installation of staircases is checked with an inventory template, which has the shape of longitudinal cross-section of staircases of marches. Installation of staircases is performed after the platforms are fully fixed. The march is fed to the installation site at the required inclination angle. When laying the march, the lower end of the march and then the upper end are lowered first on the thrust part. Immediately after the installation of the stair elements, permanent or temporary fences of marches and platforms are installed.

Sealing of joints of prefabricated structures.

Sealing and grouting of joints of external wall panels shall be under constant supervision of technical personnel. The work is carried out by specially trained workers with certificates for the right to carry out such work. Transportation, storage and use of insulating materials is carried out in accordance with the requirements of standards or technical specifications. Insulating materials after the expiration of the specified shelf life before use are subject to laboratory inspection.

It is forbidden to use external wall panels without a bare surface, as well as panels with the following defects on the upper and side faces:

- chips and potholes of faces;

- loose structure of concrete in side faces;

- crest breakage.

Prior to application of mastic end-to-end panels visual inspection controls density of insulation tape crimping in joints along the whole length. Work on insulation of joints is recorded in the daily work log. To ensure the quality of work, systematic operational control should be carried out, which is assigned to link workers, foremen, engineering and technical workers. Acceptance of works shall be reflected in floor acceptance certificates.

When welding embedded parts, the pre-developed work procedure described in the PPM shall be observed. Welding shall be carried out by a qualified welder. Joints of prefabricated structures are filled in various ways:

1) Pressurized injection of solution

2) Concrete filling of joints at separate concreting method

3) By means of small mechanization

Sealing of joints and joints with concrete mixture or mortar shall provide the strength of concrete or mortar stipulated by the design, the necessary rigidity and monolithic integrity of the entire structure, the necessary heat transfer resistance. To terminate joints with concrete mixture or mortar begin only after the device of corrosion protection of embedded parts. Concrete mixtures and solutions are prepared on Portland cement or quick-hardening cement of at least 400 grade. Joints that do not perceive design forces are sealed with 100 grade solution. The solution is supplied by a solution pump or pneumatic charger TsNIIOMTP.

When using solution pumps and air superchargers, the mixture is sealed with vibrators. When filling narrow joints with solutions by injection, it should be borne in mind that the increase in pressure causes delamination of the mixture and contributes to the formation of plugs, so sulfide-yeast vinasse is added to it for better filling of the joint with the solution.

Features of installation works in winter.

Prefabricated structures in winter are mounted by the same methods as in summer. Prefabricated elements are supplied for installation cleaned of ice and rust. If necessary, the ice is removed by heating icy places. For this, gas burners are used. Do not use hot water, salt or steam. When installing structures installed on a solution (without additives), its temperature at the time of laying "in business" at an outdoor temperature of up to 10 ° C should be + 5 ° C, at 10 °... 20 ° C: + 10 ° C, below 20 ° C: + 15 ° C.

It is recommended to use mortar protection devices and concrete mix to prevent rapid solidification. Installers must have non-slip shoes, all ladders and ladders must be cleaned of ice. In case of heavy snowfall, installation work is not allowed. In horizontal welds, the solution is separated immediately before the element is installed. Frozen and hot water warmed solution shall not be used.

The joint cavity should be covered to avoid snow ingress into it. The external air temperature, the amount of additive introduced into the solution and other data affecting the hardening process of the solutions and concretes should be noted in the work log. In winter, the recommendations of the TsNIIISK them Kucherenko, Gosstroy of the USSR, are applied.

On-site road design.

The traffic scheme and the location of roads on the construction plan should provide access to the crane area, to warehouses, and household premises. When developing a traffic scheme, existing roads are used as much as possible. Construction roads are designed according to a circular, dead end or mixed scheme. There are 2 entrances to the site from opposite sides. When designing, the road follows the following distances:

1) Between road and storage site: 1 meter

2) Between the road and the fence: 1.5 meters

3) Between the road and the axis of the crane tracks: 6.512.5 meters

4) Carriageway width: 3.5 meters (for one-way traffic)

For the junction of transport, platforms 16 meters long and 6 meters wide are provided. In rounding places, the road is widened to 5 meters.

5) Radius of rounding: 12 meters.

Access to concrete-dissolving units shall be provided at the site. The temporary road from the building under construction is no closer than 12 meters. On the roads, the arrow indicates the direction of traffic.