Thesis - Development of the gas supply system of the village of Novy Kostek with an increase in the population to 9,500 people

Contents

Summary

Introduction

1.Base for Project Development

2. Initial data

2.1.Climatic characteristics of this area

2.2. Construction characteristics of this area

3. Calculation of distribution networks of Novy Kostek settlement

3.1.Defining Gas Characteristics

3.2. Determination of annual gas expenditures

3.2.1.Gas Domestic Consumption

3.2.2.Communal consumption

3.2.2.1.Annual gas flow to hospitals

3.2.2.2.Annual gas consumption at catering facilities

3.2.2.3. Annual gas consumption by bakeries

3.2.2.4.Annual gas flow rate by small consumers

3.2.2.5. Annual gas flow rate by laundry and baths

3.2.2.6. Annual gas heating costs

3.3.Define estimated gas hourly flow rates

3.4.Selection of gas supply system

3.5. Determination of optimal number of network GRP, identification of their zones

actions and calculation of the number of inhabitants in these zones

3.6. Determination of estimated gas flow rates by network FRG

3.7.Hydraulic calculation of gas pipelines

3.7.1.Hydraulic calculation of low pressure dead end network

3.7.2. Low Pressure Ring Hydraulic Calculation

(for comparison with the received scheme)

3.7.3. Hydraulic calculation of medium pressure gases

3.8.Installation of GRP equipment

3.8.1.Addition of pressure regulator

3.8.2.Assembly of safety valves

3.8.3.Filter selection

3.9.Description of FRG equipment

4. Heat supply of 5-storey residential building

4.1.Define Boiler Room Design Gas Flow

installation for heat supply needs

4.2.Installation of block-modular boiler room with all necessary

equipment

4.3. Calculation of internal house gas pipeline

5.Automatization of GRP

6. Technical and economic calculation of the designed gas supply system

6.1.Provision sheet for production of block-modular boiler house

6.1.2.Technical and commercial offer from ROSPROMGAZ plant "

Engels

6.2.Specific sheet for GGRP and GRPP fabrication

6.2.1.Technical and commercial offer from ROSPROMGAZ plant

Engels

6.3. Technical and commercial offer from LLC "Southern Metal Center"

for purchase of steel pipelines, gate valves and all necessary valves

7. Organization of gas supply system construction

8. Occupational Safety and Safety

List of sources used

Summary

This diploma project considered the development of the system

New Kostek, taking into account population growth

up to 9,500 people.

In recent years, in the village there has been a dynamics of population growth,

therefore, the need for gas use by the population in the future

will increase.

Before starting my degree project, I conducted an examination

the current gas supply system of the village. For information

I turned to the Kizilyurt branch of Gazprom, and received the necessary

information, has begun to implement this project.

In the third section, I defined the estimated annual and maximum hourly gas consumption. Then he decided on the choice of a gas supply system, for which he had to conduct a technical and economic comparison of options for gas supply systems. Based on the results of the comparison, I decided to provide a two-stage gas supply scheme, with a medium-pressure ring network and a low-pressure dead end network. Then he carried out hydraulic calculation of low and medium pressure networks, determined the optimal amount of GRP.

To select equipment, GRP contacted the ROSPROMGAZ plant, co -

The second provided all the necessary information. Similarly,

a block-modular boiler room, as well as the cost of steel

pipes and fittings .

Details of each section will be given below, in which:

decisions made and calculations made are indicated.

Introduction

Scale and pace of development of gas industry and gas supply

systems determine gas production, according to which Russia ranks first in the world. A significant increase in gas production has significantly changed the country's fuel balance. While in 1983 gas fuel accounted for only 27 per cent of the country's total fuel balance, by 2007 gas accounted for more than 70 per cent of all fuels consumed.

Improvement, intensification and automation of technological processes

owls lead to the need to improve the quality of consumable heat carriers.

Most of all compared to other fuels

yam satisfies natural gas.

Rational use of gaseous fuel with the greatest implementation

its technological advantages make it possible to obtain significant economic and

what effect is associated with increased efficiency of aggregates and reduced consumption of

yes fuel, easier regulation of temperature fields and composition of the gas medium in the working space of furnaces and plants, as a result of which it is possible to significantly increase the intensity of production and the quality of the obtained products. The use of gas for industrial installations improves working conditions and increases its productivity. The use of natural gas in industry makes it possible to carry out fundamentally new, progressive and cost-effective technological processes. In addition, the use of gas as fuel makes it possible to significantly improve the living conditions of the population, increase the sanitary and hygienic level of production and improve the air pool in cities and industrial centers.

The gas industry is one of the most dynamic, booming sectors of the national economy. The development of gas production is due to the increase in gas consumption, which is carried out, first, by increasing its use in cities already gasified by

to date, and secondly, through the gasification of new cities and settlements, including in rural areas.

Gas distribution systems become uniform for the regions

and the republics, and for their design, construction and operation, deep knowledge of the specialist is necessary. The growth of gas consumption in cities, towns and rural areas, as well as the scale of distribution systems, pose new and difficult tasks for the gas engineer related to the development and reconstruction of systems, improving their reliability, the need for economical use of gas and protecting the air basin from pollution.

Distribution networks are complex multi-ring systems, the economical design of which should be based on modern optimization methods taking into account the probabilistic nature of operation and ensuring the required reliability of gas supply to consumers.

Reducing the cost and metal consumption of gas supply systems is of great national economic importance. The second, equally important task is to ensure the full and reliable supply of gas to all provided consumers. It is a coordinated solution of both problems that allows to achieve high efficiency of gas use.

This problem is solved starting from design, when the basic parameters of the system are determined, and then continuously throughout the entire period of operation. All the advantages of gas fuel can be rationally used only by specialists who have learned the basics of gas supply and strictly observe safety rules in the gas industry.

The undeniable advantages of gas and the presence of its significant reserves create

conditions for the further development of the country's gas supply.

1. The basis for the development of the project.

Natural gas supply to cities and settlements aims to:

Improving the living conditions of the population;

replacement of more expensive solid fuel or electricity in thermal processes at industrial enterprises, thermal power plants, municipal enterprises, medical institutions, public catering enterprises, etc.;

Improvement of ecological conditions in cities and settlements, as natural gas during combustion practically does not emit harmful gases into the atmosphere.

Natural gas is supplied to cities and towns through main gas pipelines starting from gas production sites (gas fields) and ending at gas distribution stations (GRS) located near cities and towns.

To supply gas to all consumers, a gas distribution network is being built in the cities, gas control points or installations (GRP and GRU) are being equipped, control points and other equipment necessary for the operation of gas pipelines are being built. On the territory of cities and villages, gas pipelines are laid underground. On the territory of industrial enterprises and thermal power plants, gas pipelines are laid above ground

on stand-alone supports, on racks, as well as on walls and roofs of production buildings. Gas pipelines shall be laid in accordance with the requirements of [11].

Natural gas is used by the population for burning in household gas appliances: stoves, water gas heaters, in heating boilers. At public utilities, gas is used to obtain hot water and steam, baking bread, cooking dining and restaurants, and heating rooms. In medical institutions, natural gas is used for sanitary treatment, preparation of hot water, for

cooking. In industrial enterprises, gas is burned first

queue in boilers and industrial furnaces. It is also used in technological processes for heat treatment of products manufactured by the enterprise. In agriculture, natural gas is used to prepare feed for animals, to heat agricultural buildings, and in production workshops.

When designing gas networks of cities and towns, the following issues have to be solved:

Identify all gas consumers in the gasified area;

* determine the gas flow rate for each consumer;

* Identify the locations of distribution gas pipelines;

Determine the diameters of all gas pipelines;

* select equipment for all GRP and GRU and determine

their locations;

* to pick up all shutoff valves (latches, cranes, gates);

:: Identify the locations where the control tubes and electrodes are installed to monitor the state of the gas pipelines during their operation;

* Develop methods of laying gas pipelines at their intersection with other communications (roads. heat tracts, rivers, ravines, etc.);

Determine estimated cost of construction of gas pipelines and all structures on them;

* disassemble measures for safe operation of gas pipelines.

The volume of resolved questions from the listed list is determined by the assignment for the diploma project.

2.2.The construction characteristics of this area.

The development of the village is provided for by various storeys, mainly one-storey. From public buildings, in the designed settlement there are: a school, shops, a hospital, a clinic, a laundry, a public bath.

The population of the village. New Kostek for an estimated period is 9,500 people. The norm of the total area according to the general plan is accepted 18m2 per person.

The gas supply system is adopted according to a two-stage scheme (medium and low pressure) with a ring of the medium pressure network and a dead end scheme of low pressure networks. The source of gas supply is natural gas coming from GGRP (head gas control station). In GGRP, gas comes from the Miatli GMS.

The building density is 100 people/ha.

3. Calculation of distribution networks of the settlement

New Kostek.

Distribution systems are complex multi-ring systems, the economical design of which should be based on modern optimization methods, taking into account the likely nature of the operation and ensuring the required reliability of gas supply to consumers.

Modern distribution systems are a complex complex of structures consisting of the following main elements: low, medium and high pressure gas networks, gas distribution stations, gas control points and installations.

The highest combustion heat calculated taking into account combustion is distinguished.

hydrogen of fuel into water and lower heat of combustion of natural gas, determined taking into account formation of water vapor during combustion of gas.

Heat balances of fuel-using plants and efficiency calculations are usually carried out taking into account the content of water vapour in combustion products rather than water, i.e. the lowest combustion heat of natural gas.

3.4.Selection of gas supply system

For rural settlements with a small population

it is advisable to design a two-stage system with medium and low pressure. Medium pressure networks will be looped, through which gas will flow to the bakery, boiler house, as well as to consumers requiring medium pressure. Also, through medium pressure networks, gas is supplied to FRG, through which gas is supplied to low pressure networks, while reducing the pressure to the required one. In turn, low-pressure networks will be designed according to the dead end scheme, which was chosen as a result of a technical and economic comparison with the ring of the same network. Details of the feasibility study will be explained in one of the following sections.

Device and operating principle

Pressure regulator in initial position is opened under action of spring (13). Through inlet connector (4) and throttle gap between it and shutoff control element (rod (7)) gas enters submembrane cavity of housing, acts by its pressure on sensitive element membrane (9) and through outlet hole of housing it is supplied to burners of gas apparatus (to consumer).

At increase of inlet pressure or decrease of flow rate through service union of housing pressure in housing cavity increases and raises up sensitive element membrane (9), which through rod (8) rigidly connected to membrane rotates shutoff control element (rod (7)) around axis (5) inserted into post (6). Throttle slot between inlet connector and shutoff control member decreases and pressure increase stops.

5.Automatization of GRP.

During the development of gas distribution systems of settlements, an automated gas distribution process control system (APCS RG) is provided. It provides reliable and safe operation of the gas distribution system, performing the following main functions: operational remote centralized control of parameters of the gas distribution process, commercial accounting of gas consumption. APCS design of WG is carried out in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents for the design of automated systems approved in the established manner.

The operation of APCS RG is provided by an autonomous or as part of the organizational and technological APCS of the gas distribution enterprise.

The main task of the automatic control system is to maintain the required gas pressure in time at various points of the village gas network, as well as to ensure the specified technological mode of the system without direct human participation.

The process mode is characterized by variable values (pressure, temperature, flow rate, etc.), which are called process parameters.

Automatic control of technological process comes down to providing the required law of change of parameter of technological process by impact on the corresponding elements of units called by working regulators (latches, valves, etc.).

Process monitoring and selection of instruments are performed according to the following parameters:

- parameters, monitoring of which for correct maintenance of established modes (monitored by indicating instruments);

- parameters, change of which can lead to equipment emergency condition, as well as, accounting of which is necessary for analysis of equipment operation or economic expenses (controlled by self-recording devices).

Control of the hydraulic operation mode of the gas supply system is carried out using KVP1 pressure regulators (pos.14, 1-13, 127, 1-35, 149), which automatically maintain constant pressure at the pulse extraction point regardless of the intensity of gas consumption. During pressure control the initial pressure (300 kPa) decreases by the final pressure (3 kPa).

Automatic pressure regulator consists of regulating and reacting device. The main part of the reacting device is the sensing element (membrane), and the main part of the adjusting device is the adjusting element (throttle valve for pressure regulators). Sensitive element and regulating element are connected to each other by means of actuating connection.

Automatic monitoring:

pressure at FRG inlet is performed by EKM1U pressure sensor (1-5);

pressure at EMF outlet - EKM1U pressure sensor (pos.128);

pressure before and after pressure regulator - also by EKM1U pressure sensors (pos.16, 1-7);

gas flow rate - ROST-1 flow rate sensor (item 1-3);

the degree of filter contamination is controlled by EKM1U pressure sensors (pos.16, 1-14). During replacement of the regulator of pressure of RDG50N or cleaning of the FGV50 filter, gas passes in GRP on a bypass. Then pressure is monitored by pressure sensors EKM1U (pos.136, 1-37, 151), which are located on the bypass.

The automatic control system is characterized by the fact that it carries out a closed circuit of action. In fact, the control object acts on the regulator, and the regulator through the control element acts on the control object.

Sensors are installed in the working area. The protective environment for the sensor is a protected loop.

6. Technical and economic calculation of the designed gas supply system.

Gas supply system shall be not only reliable and safe

in operation, but also economically designed. At techno-economic

which calculation of gasket of low pressure gas networks takes into account cost

pipes, shut-off valves, compensators, FRG buildings.

Laying of gas pipelines throughout the gas-supplied territory of the settlement

the above-ground point is provided.

Electric welded steel pipes as per GOST 1070491.

When designing the heat supply system of a five-storey residential building,

for calculations of the load on heating and hot water supply, it was necessary

select a boiler unit, i.e. a modular boiler unit. To do this, I turned to the ROSPROMGAZ plant in Engels, sending a questionnaire there. Through

a couple of days they contacted me, clarified all the nuances, and sent me a commercial

A chemical proposal for the manufacture of a block-modular boiler room. Similarly

I also entered when selecting GRPSH and PGB. Turned to the same plant, and literally

a day later, they sent a commercial offer for GRPP and PGB.

As for the calculation of the cost of pipes, shutoff valves and other elements,

then for this I turned to LLC "Southern Metal Center" in Novocherkassk, where

responded to my application by sending a technical and commercial offer.

The result of the whole is the calculation of the cost of the gas supply system, which includes the costs of low and medium pressure networks, as well as the costs of GRPP and PGB.