Thesis AXIS

Contents

Introduction

1. Design Input

1.1Information of part and technical requirements for its manufacture

1.2 Part material, its chemical and mechanical properties

1.3 Definition of production type

2Technological Engineering

2.1Parse the workability of the part design

2.2Selecting the type and method of procurement

2.3Development of procurement processing process route

2.4Selection and justification of process bases

2.5Mechanical allowance calculation

2.6 Selection of equipment and means of technological equipment

2.7Determination of cutting modes and time standards

3Constructor section

3.1Structure description and calculation of machine tool

3.2Structure description and calculation of cutting tool

3.3Structure description and calculation of control device

4.Compute and Design Part Machining Area

4.1Compute the required quantity of equipment and load it

4.2 Calculation of production area

4.3 Calculation of the number of employees of the site

4.4 Site Layout

5. Calculation of economic efficiency

5.1. Process Efficiency Criterion

5.2 Determination of the required quantity of equipment

5.3 Calculation of Labour Demand

5.4. Capital investment in equipment

5.5. Capital investments in buildings

5.6. Capital investments in process equipment

6 Organizational section

6.1 Description of labor organization in the designed area

6.2 Measures for labor protection, fire protection and environmental protection

Conclusion

Literature used

Introduction

The modern idea was formed on the basis of the works of many generations of domestic and foreign scientists and industry workers, which contributed to its formation as a branch of technical science, where they study connections and patterns in the production processes of machine manufacturing.

The design of any machine is essentially a complex system of two types of conjugate sets of links: material properties and dimensions.

Whatever purpose the machine has, the ability of the designer during the development of its design is limited by the choice of materials with the necessary properties and giving design shapes, dimensions, relative to the position of the surfaces of the part and the part itself in the machine.

To implement such a communication system, a production process must be created and implemented in the material, which is another system of conjugated sets of connections: material properties, dimensional, information, time and economic.

Organizational Section

6.1 Description of labor organization in the designed area

In mass production, the mechanical workshop is divided into sections by the size of parts (section of large parts, section of medium parts, section of small parts) or by the nature and type of parts (section of shafts, section of gear wheels, section of body parts, etc.).

The mutual location of the compartments and sections is determined based on the general layout of the workshop and the nature of the technological process.

Metal cutting machines of the mechanical shop section can be located in the shop in two ways:

- by type of equipment;

- in the order of process operations.

With a large-scale production type, we choose the location in the order of process operations. Machines are located in series in process operations of processing of the same or several different parts, which have a similar order of processing operations. Each machine group handles several parts in the same order of operation, since it is not always possible to load all the machines with a single part.

When placing machines in groups, we provide for the shortest paths of movement of each part during processing and do not allow reverse, circular or loop-forming movements during processing, which create counter flows and make transportation of processed parts difficult.

The sequential transition of the part from the machine to the machine forms a process line for the movement of parts. This movement of parts is shown in the equipment layout plan. A group of machines is located in a separate span, forming a section of small parts. sequential arrangement of machines is performed by operation numbers for the machined part. To do this, use Table 4.1. Each type of machine is given a conditional graphic image, where the dimensions of the most common machines are given at a scale of 1:100.

When arranging the machines, we follow the normal dimensions of the intervals between the machines in the longitudinal and transverse direction and the distance from the posts and columns. These dimensions should guarantee the convenience of work on machines, the safety of workers, sufficient freedom of movement of people and vehicles with cargo. Gaps between machines, as well as between machines and adjacent elements of buildings (columns, walls, etc.) are regulated by labor protection rules and existing standards, which take into account the convenience of machine operation.

When designing machine tools, we observe the following standards:

1. The place of the worker at the machine during operation is indicated on the plan by a circle, half of which is hatched, while the light part indicating the face of the worker must be turned to the machine. The width of the working area in front of the machine is 800mm;

2. The distance between the machines along the line of their location (along the front) is 900 mm;

3. Distance from column to machine tools shall be

a) to the rear (smaller) side of the machine - 500 mm;

b) to the side of the machine - 500 mm;

4. The dimensions of the main longitudinal passageways and passageways between machines intended for the transportation of materials and products, the movement of people are determined in accordance with the dimensions of the used vehicles. The width of the passage is taken according to the size necessary for direct passage of the vehicle, taking into account the gaps between it and the located equipment.

The distance between the machines along the width of the main passage for the movement in one direction of electric trolleys with a lifting capacity of 1 ton (straight passage width of 1200 mm) is 3000 mm when the machines are located on the front (front) sides to the passage.

The specified width of the passage does not take into account the areas for storing parts at machine tools, the dimensions of which are taken additionally depending on the planning conditions and the nature of production.

The machines are located along the span in two rows, in the middle we leave the passage for transport, we have workplaces on the side of the passage, which facilitates the maintenance of the workplace (exchange of tools, supply of blanks, acceptance of parts, etc.).

Define the size of the mechanical area. The width of the spans is taken for mechanical sections of medium machine building: 12, 15, 18 m.

We accept - 12 m.

The distance between the axes of the columns in the longitudinal direction, called the pitch of the columns, is taken to be 6 m.

Distance between axes of columns in transverse and longitudinal directions forms grid of columns. In the designed area, the received grid is 12 x 6 m. The length of the spans should be multiple of the size of the column pitch. Having established the required span width, we calculate the area of ​ ​ the mechanical section of the workshop. An indicator characterizing the use of the production area of the mechanical section is the specific area per machine along with the passages.

6.2 Measures for labor protection, fire protection and environmental protection

In the mechanical workshops of the enterprise, all types of metal processing on metal cutting machines are produced, and a number of dangerous situations arise.

At the workplace, measures should be provided to protect against possible exposure to hazardous and harmful factors of production. The levels of these factors should not exceed the limits specified by the legal, technical and sanitary standards. These regulations oblige the creation of working conditions at the workplace, under which the influence of dangerous and harmful factors on workers is either completely eliminated or within acceptable limits. When analyzing the process, the influence of all possible hazardous and harmful factors should be provided, and if necessary, measures to limit the impact of these factors according to the standards should be provided.

Harmful physical production factors characteristic of the cutting process are: unfavorable meteorological conditions, increased dust and gas content of the air of the working zone, high level of noise and vibrations, insufficient illumination of the working zone, presence of direct and reflected brilliance, increased pulsation of light flux, electric current due to possible equipment malfunction.

At the same time, the sound levels and equivalent sound levels at the workstations of the operator of the CNC machine should not exceed 60 dBA. The illumination of workplaces in the horizontal plane at the level of 0.8 m from the floor must be at least 400 lx. Vertical illumination in the display screen plane is not more than 300 lx. Illumination pulsation coefficient - not more than 5%, blinding index - not more than 40. To limit reflected brilliance from screens, brightness of emitters in angular zone is reduced to more than 55 deg. from vertical to value not more than 200 cd/m.

Since the technological process provides for the use of various types of equipment, there are dangers that mechanically affect the human body, such as moving machines and mechanisms, moving parts of production equipment, moving products, and blanks. In this regard, the accidental appearance of maintenance personnel in the working area of the machine or other equipment during its operation in automatic mode is also dangerous.

Aerosols of oils and lubricating liquids are also released into the air of the working zone. At the same time, the content of hydrocarbons reaches 150... 940 mg/m3, aerosol of oils 7... 5 mg/m3, clothing pollution is 800... 900 mg/dm2.

Psychophysical harmful production factors include physical overloads during the installation, fixation and removal of large-sized parts, as well as overpressure of vision and monotonicity of labor.

Biological factors include pathogens and bacteria that appear when working with SOF.

Development of technical and technological solutions to eliminate hazardous and harmful factors.

Based on the requirements and recommendations of GOST 12.0.00479, GOST 12.1.02979, GOST 12.2.03079, GOST 12.3.03079, GOST 12.4.00579, GOST 12.5.00679, the following measures can be envisaged to eliminate or reduce the influence of harmful factors of production:

a) creation of the necessary illumination of the workplace;

b) sound insulation of the room based on calculation of sound reduction of acoustic insulation;

c) creation of reliable grounding of equipment (at the same time, all metal parts of production equipment, if they can be energized above 42 V, must be grounded, in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.1.030 - 81) and periodic check of equipment serviceability and grounding;

d) creation and implementation of scientifically based equipment layout

e) certification of workplaces and their organization taking into account the convenience of the worker;

f) carrying out measures to improve the air environment.

The required air condition of the working area can be ensured by performing certain activities, the main of which are:

1) Mechanization and automation of the production process, remote control named. These measures are of great importance for protection against exposure to harmful substances, thermal radiation, especially during heavy work. Automation of the production process through the use of CNC machines not only improves productivity, but also improves working conditions, since workers are removed from the hazardous area.

2) Protection against thermal radiation sources. This is important for reducing room air temperature and heat irradiation of the workers.

3) Ventilation and heating device.

4) Use of personal protective equipment

Conclusion

In this diploma project, the technological process of manufacturing the Axis part was developed.

To improve the manufacturing process of the Axis part, they made a number of changes in the basic process, such as:

- replaced obsolete equipment with more modern equipment;

- an automated device was developed for the vertical milling operation;

- control device was developed to control the keyway.

- Reduction of labour intensity of part manufacturing and increase of labor productivity due to conversion of processing to lathes with CNC and reduction of number of operations and corresponding number of displacements of manufactured parts.

- Reduction of part manufacturing cost.

- Reduction of salary costs due to reduction of the number of employees.

- Reduction of depreciation costs, energy costs due to reduction of process equipment quantity.

- Improved processing quality.

As a result of all the changes, they received an economic effect equal to 301770 rubles.