Technological Processes in Construction - Course Project

Contents

Contents

Introduction

1. Determination of zero work line position

2.Define Vertical Planning Scope

3. Determination of mass haul volumes during pit development

3.1 Determination of geometric volume of soil in the pit

3.2 Determination of geometric volume of ramp soil (exit)

3.3 Determination of total soil volume in the pit

3.4 Determination of backfilling soil volume

4. Summary balance sheet

5. Recalculation of the average elevation of the layout

6. Soil distribution in the pit

7. Distribution of haul masses on the site, drawing up a map of haul mass movement. Determination of medium range of soil movement

8. Selecting Mechanisms for Basic Earthworks

8.1. Selection of machines for planning works

8.2. Selection of excavator for pit development

8.3. Calculation of required number of automatic dump trucks

8.3.1. Soil volume in excavator ladle, m3:

8.3.2. Mass of soil in excavator ladle, t:

8.3.3. Number of buckets per dump truck, pcs.:

8.3.4. Volume of soil in the dump truck body, m3:

8.3.5. Number of required vehicles (dump trucks):

9. Routing for earthworks

9.1. Scope of Application

9.2 Organization and procedure of works execution

9.3. Scope Sheet

9.4. Costing Labor and Machine Time

9.5. Logistical resources

9.6. Work Schedule

9.7. Quality requirements for acceptance of works

9.8. Safety precautions

List of used literature

Introduction

During the construction of any building or structure, as well as the planning and improvement of territories, soil processing is carried out. Processing includes the following main processes: soil development, its movement, laying and compaction.

In some cases, these processes are directly preceded or accompanied by preparatory processes that are carried out before the start of soil development, and auxiliary processes - before or during the construction of earth structures. This whole set of processes is called earthworks. Earthworks include preparatory, auxiliary and basic works.

Preparatory work includes: preparation of the territory (felling of trees, cutting of shrubs, etc.), provision of drainage and drainage of the territories, geodetic breakdown, laying of roads.

Auxiliary works include: arrangement of temporary anchorages of pits and trenches, drainage, lowering of ground water level, artificial fixation of weak soils.

The main processes in the complex of earthworks are the passage of the pit and trenches, the layout of the sites, the filling of embankments with compaction of soils, the transportation of soil to the dump, the cleaning and layout of the bottom of the pit, the finishing of slopes.

A construction site with a size of 500x300 m with the specified working elevations has been set for the work. The developed territory is divided into 15 squares with a length of 100 m on each side .

In one of the squares of the construction site, it is planned to build a pit for a building 4.2 m deep. The height of the foundation slab of the planned object is 700 mm. For concrete preparation, dressing waterproofing in 2 layers is performed. A concrete preparation device with a height of 200 mm and a sand backfill of 150 mm is also assumed.

The ground of the site is heavy clay. The distance from the construction site to the quarry is 14.0 km.

The course project will consider the work on the vertical layout, the arrangement of the pit, the detailed arrangement of filling and backfilling of the pit, as well as the preparatory and final work on the development of the territory.

Zero Work Line Position Determination

On the site plan, a grid of squares measuring 300 x 500 mm is drawn indicating the initial working elevations. The zero work line is drawn at the intersection of the design plane with the natural surface of the soil (the zero work line passes through the squares when the working elevations at the vertices of which the sign changes). Cut and fill zones are defined. Part of the site with negative working elevations is the excavation area (ACTIVE), the site with positive signs is the fill area (PASSIVE).