Steering of a passenger car

Introduction

Every year, automobile traffic on the roads of Russia is steadily increasing. In such circumstances, the design of vehicles that meet modern traffic safety requirements is of paramount importance.

The safety of traffic is greatly influenced by the steering design, as the most important factor in the interaction of the driver with the road. To improve steering performance, different types of amplifiers are added to its design. In our country, steering amplifiers are used almost only on trucks and buses. Abroad, more and more cars have steering with amplifiers, including medium and even small class cars, since power steering has an undeniable advantage over the usual one, provides much greater comfort and traffic safety.

Alignment of steering gear and suspension kinematics

There are two approaches to harmonizing suspension and steering kinematics. According to the first, when the suspension is released and compressed, the controlled wheels must not turn; according to the second, more advanced, the designer consciously sets the law of changing the convergence of wheels during suspension moves in order to improve the controllability of the car and reduce tire wear. According to the recommendations of the Porsche company, which are used at the VAZ during design, the convergence of the wheels should increase during release and decrease during suspension compression. Speed of convergence change must be equal to 3-4 minutes per centimeter of suspension travel.

This work is carried out by specialists of the general layout department and includes a synthesis of suspension and steering kinematics, as a result of which the coordinates of characteristic kinematic points are determined.

Conclusion

In this course project on the topic "Steering of a 2nd class passenger car," the design of a rack-type steering gear was considered. Calculation of gear-rail engagement parameters, vehicle traction calculation is given, in which external speed characteristic, power balance, acceleration time and path, fuel economy is determined.