Steel structure workshop in Voronezh.

Contents

Introduction

I. General part:

1.1 Construction area

1.2 Space-planning and structural solutions

1.3 Plot Plan

II. Architectural and construction part:

2.1 Foundations, foundation beams

2.2 Columns

2.3 Rafters and substructures

2.4 Coatings

2.5 Canopies

2.6 Crane beams

2.7 Walls

2.8 Corrosion and antiseptic measures

2.9 Exterior and Interior Finishes

2.10 List of floors

2.11 Communications

2.12 Windows, gates, doors

2.13 Lighting Engineering Calculation

2.14 Calculation of administrative and domestic premises

2.15 Environmental measures

2.16 List of used literature

Introduction

Mechanical engineering is a key branch of the economy, designed to provide all sectors of the national economy with machines, equipment, devices and automation. The basis of the enterprise's activity is the production process, that is, the production of certain types of products.

The production process consists of three stages :

- procurement,

- processing,

- assembly.

The procurement stage includes the manufacture of casting, forged, stamped, welded, and other blanks of machine parts.

In processing - mechanical, thermal and chemical treatment.

Assembly - assembly and general assembly of parts of products, as well as adjustment, testing, preservation and packaging.

The basis of any industrial production is a technological process, which means a set of operations for the extraction and processing of raw materials into semi-finished products or finished products .

The workshop is an administrative separation of plant divisions that perform certain functions due to the nature of division and cooperation of labor. It produces certain products (blanks, parts, assemblies, etc.) or performs individual works (transport, repair, etc.).

Workshops are divided into main and auxiliary. The main ones include: procurement, machining, assembly workshops, etc. Auxiliary workshops - producing auxiliary products consumed inside the plant (tool, stamping, model, repair and mechanical).

The main means of internal workshop transport in modern large mechanical assembly workshops should be considered suspended cranes, floor and underground conveyors and wheeled rail-less machines. When placing a workshop or mechanical assembly workshops on the territory of the enterprise, appropriate noise protection measures should be provided.

Construction area

The designed building is located in the 2nd climatic zone in Voronezh.

The relief of the site is calm.

Soils at the base: coarse sands Rn = 0.6 MPa.

Groundwater level is 6 meters below the surface of the earth.

Design depth of soil freezing -1.4m

Winter outside air temperature tn = - 26 ° С.

The heating season is 197 days.

The humidity zone is normal.

Space-planning and structural solutions

The building is a one-story workshop with a plan size of 72m x54m.

Number and value of spans of production building (B1 = 18m, B2 = 18m, Bz = 18m).

Flight length L1 = 60m, L2 = 60m, L3 = 72m,

Height of spans H1 = 10, 8m; N2=10.8m; N3=10.8m

Lighting in the side spans of the building is natural through window openings, and additional consecration is also recorded - a light-aeration lamp.

Each workshop, with the exception of the smelting compartment and the installation section, has exits (gates), openings dimensions 3.6x3.6m.

Spans with a width of 18 m with a carrying capacity of 20 tons.

Natural ventilation - through windows and light-aeration lights, as well as plenum with a mechanical impulse. In workshops with harmful emissions, individual ventilation is provided.

Foundations are used both standard and individual.

Degree of fire resistance II.

Degree of durability II.

Structural diagram of this structure: load-bearing frame. During the construction of this workshop, the following structures are used: reinforced concrete, monolithic foundations of both standard and individual sizes. Walls of lightweight structures - three-layer panels of the Sandwich type, columns of standard dimensions. The design solution is the use of ribbed plates laid on rafter structures - lattice beams, which at the pitch of columns 12 m are supported by tuning structures - trusses. Additionally, light-aeration lamp is arranged for additional ventilation and lighting. The process begins in a metal warehouse, where the crane raises the necessary amount of metal and transfers it to the procurement compartment, from where it is sent to the etching compartment. Then, the prepared metal is fed to the smelting compartment, where the necessary blank is made from it. Then it passes: prefabricated welding section, mechanical section, installation section. After all operations, the finished product is transferred to the painting area, and then to the finished product warehouse.

Master Plan

The general plan is a complex, technological and construction-architectural solution of an industrial enterprise that determine the mutual location of buildings and structures in connection with the production scheme and local conditions.

When developing planning solutions, they use certain principles: zoning, blocking, modular coordination and others.

1) Pre-factory area - includes administrative, plant-wide laboratories, computing centers, educational institutions and other facilities (parking lots for vehicles, retail space, etc.) that are located at the exit or main entrance to the enterprise from the side of the residential area or settlement.

2) Production area - occupies most of the territory, includes main workshops, structures and open process units. In large enterprises, it can be built up from a number of smaller areas.

3) The auxiliary zone includes territories occupied by auxiliary facilities (repair, container, etc.), power (boiler houses, CHP), sanitary and technical (treatment facilities), communication (heating, sewage networks) and other purposes.

4) The warehouse zone - forms territories necessary for warehousing of raw materials, materials, finished goods. This zone is most loaded and saturated with transport highways.

On the designed area measuring 250x250m: in the center there is a designed steel structure workshop, parallel to the production zone there is a utility zone, there is a mechanical repair workshop, a tool stamping workshop, a sewage pump station, an electric substation. The pre-factory zone includes a store, a dining room, a laboratory, an administrative building, a transformer and a small parking lot.

Before entering the territory of the enterprise there is a checkpoint.

In front of the pre-factory zone, a small park with flower beds, benches, and a fountain is laid out.

The designed building is attached to the rebars. Also on the general plan are shown horizontals - heights above sea level (every 0.5 m)

Lamps

In industrial buildings of large width and length, normative natural illumination cannot be provided through light openings in external walls. In the covers of such buildings, special openings with glazed superstructures are provided. Along with lighting, these lights serve the purposes of air exchange in the rooms. Such lights are called light-aeration.

One light-aeration lamp is arranged in the designed workshop. Canopy width is 6 m, length is 48 m. The canopy has the form of u-shaped superstructures with two-sided glazing. It is made of typical structures with two tiers of opening glazed bindings. The height of the openings is 1.2m. Bearing structures of canopy made of vertical metal trusses installed on bearing rafter structures of coating. Truss consists of vertical posts, upper belt and braces. All elements are made of rolling profile and are connected to each other by means of profiles on welding and bolts.

The coatings on the lights are the same as for the building structures of the building. In the base part of the canopy, the fence is made of hinged reinforced concrete panels, which are attached by welding to the longitudinal elements and posts of the lamp frames. Canopy end walls are blind. According to fire-fighting requirements, the canopy is not brought to the end walls by 6 m. External drain from canopy.

Anti-corrosion and antiseptic measures

Open surfaces of metal structures, steel bonds are primed, and painted twice with acid-resistant varnishes.

Wooden products are antisepted, coated with oil paint in 2 times.

Waterproofing of floor is arranged from 2-3 layers of ruberoid and brisol on bitumen mastic. In the places where the equipment adjoins the walls, columns, foundations - waterproofing is arranged 150200mm above the floor coating level and protected with a special cladding - a plinth .

Waterproofing shall pass by continuous layer through waste trays and pits.

Exterior and interior finishes

The exterior of the building is painted with perchlorovinyl paint, delivered in finished form. Paints are applied with roller or paint sprayer on pre-prepared surfaces. They quickly dry and form strong water and an atmospheric-resistant surface. It is used both for painting concrete and brick, previously plastered with cement sand mortar 20 mm.

For painting of window and door blocks, pipes, production equipment, alkidostrile enamel paints are used.

Metal surfaces are pre-primed.

Calculation of administrative premises

Household buildings are designed to accommodate rooms for sanitary and medical purposes, catering enterprises.

It is necessary to calculate household premises, provided that the number of workers in the enterprise in the largest shift is 250 people, of which 100 are men and 150 are women.

In accordance with SNiP 2.09.0487 "Administrative and residential premises," we determine that the designed building belongs to category 1B, for which it follows from the norms:

- number of latrines: 1 booth for 15 people

- washbasins: 1 washbasin for 4 toilet cabins

- separate washbasins: 10 people per crane

- showers: 1 shower for 7 men

1 shower for 6 women

As a result, the following number of sanitary and hygienic devices is required for the team of workers in this workshop:

- for men:

9 showers, 9 toilets, 2 washbasins, 10 separate washbasins, 9 urinals;

For women:

12 showers, 9 toilets, 3 washbasins, 12 separate washbasins, 2 bidets.

For each person there is a blocked cabinet for storing all types of clothes (upper and special clothes).

Dimensions: width - 40 cm, height - 165 cm, depth - 50 cm. Number of cabinets:

for men - 135,

for women - 135.

Environmental activities

In order to reduce the impact on the city, production should be located no closer than 10 km from the city.

Air intake filters are provided in workshops with increased gas and dust emission. In other rooms, air exchange with unorganized control - natural ventilation of rooms by means of framugs in windows. To limit internal noise, the following measures are provided for their elimination: with the help of various types of fencing, the use of silent equipment, the engines are covered in noise protection caps.

Treated process water is filtered. The territory of the enterprise should be placed on non-agricultural land or worse quality agricultural land.

If possible, preserve the natural terrain, do not disturb the vegetation and soil cover, as well as natural vegetation (shrubs trees).

Before the start of construction, the upper layer of chernozem is carefully removed, after completion of work, all construction debris is removed, and chernozem is laid back. It is advisable to save all trees, and if it does not work, then transplant.

Around the building it is necessary to plant lawn grass and shrubs. From the direction of the dominant winter winds, it is advisable to make a protective screen from plantations. It is better to use evergreen plantations with a thick crown for this purpose.