Single-stack electromechanical lift design

Contents

INE-INE

1 ANALYSIS OF LIFT-KOV STRUCTURES

1.1 Classification of lifts

1.2 Characteristics and analysis of lifting structures

1.3 Analogue Overview

1.3.1 Duplex Lift

1.3.2 Lift 1.25M

1.3.3 Hoist MM25 (OMA496)

2 TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF DESIGNED LIFT

2.1 Description of operation of electrical circuit

2.2 Lifter Operation Procedure

2.3Technical maintenance of hoist

3 CALCULATION OF LIFT-OFF

3.1 Calculation of cargo wine

3.2 Calculation of screw front

3.3 Calculation of screw for wear-bone

4 LIFTER MAINTENANCE ACTIVITIES

4.1 Installation of equipment

4.2 Occupational safety and safety during works

5 EVALUATION OF LIFTER USE EFFICIENCY

LIST OF USED LITERATURE

Introduction

The car is one of the most striking symbols of our current and tomorrow life. Millions of people work in the automotive industry, and if you add to them other millions whose work is related to the repair and maintenance of cars, it seems that very few human activities involve as many people.

The development of the maintenance system in the country, accompanied by the intensive growth of the fleet of personal cars, led to the need to introduce progressive forms and methods of organization and technology for servicing and repairing cars, the creation of new modern equipment and special tools.

Lifts are increasingly used in maintenance stations as basic equipment in the organization of various work stations of the main production areas.

One of the main advantages of lifts is that they allow you to more optimally organize the technological process of maintenance and repair of cars. In addition, the vast majority of lifts make it relatively easy to change their place of installation, which is very important under modern continuously changing production conditions.

Currently, a large number of lifts of various designs and applications are produced worldwide. Suffice it to say that in Germany alone, elevators are produced by 24 companies, in England, 16 with some of these firms producing 10 or more types and their modifications.

Classification of lifts

In its design, automobile lifts can be divided into the following main types: single-rack, double-rack, four-rack.

By type of installation - stationary and mobile.

Lifting capacity, kg: 1800, 2000, 2200, 2500, etc.

By type of drive - electrohydraulic, electromechanical, pneumohydraulic, etc.

By type of lifting devices: chain, screw, telescopic, lever.

By type of pick-up devices: platform, frame, console.

Stationary lifts are installed in a certain place, most often without a special foundation on a flat surface of the floor and are attached using anchor bolts or special studs. If the lift is telescopic (including plow), then a special foundation is required for its installation.

Mobile lifts include lifts in which the struts move. The main advantage of mobile lifts is their mobility - the possibility of use alternately at different posts and in different technological zones of the enterprise. Mobile racks can be used on the basis of one, two, three or more pieces. In this case, each rack has its own individual drive and control panel.

Lifts with a lifting capacity of 2 t are mainly used for servicing cars at maintenance stations.

Access to the units and units of the lifted car maintained on the lift depends on the design of the pick-up devices.

Lifts with pick-up device in the form of four rotary cantilever levers provide the greatest access to car units and assemblies from the bottom. With such a pick-up device 1- and 2-post lifts are made. Such lifts are used in the area of acceptance and issuance, maintenance and repair, as well as in the area of ​ ​ body repair.

Lifts with a pick-up device in the form of transverse beams (frame) are issued 1- and 2-plunger. They are used in washing zones, at anti-corrosion coating stations, in the maintenance and repair zone.

The platform type lift (the width of the lifter platform guides reaches 700800 mm) is produced 4-post with an electro-hydraulic electromechanical drive. Such lifts are used most often in the lubrication area, in the maintenance and repair area. To expand the scope of work, lifts are additionally equipped with auxiliary equipment (beams, jacks, etc.).

Characteristics and analysis of lift structures

Single-rack lifts have a number of advantages over two or four-rack lifts:

1. When using a one-way lift, the repair worker has optimal freedom of movement around the car, free access to the lower parts of the car. At two, four-post lifts, the posts are located on both sides of the car, which makes it difficult for the worker to pass, as well as optimal repair work.

2. When using a single-line lift, the car easily enters the lift, even if the location of the lift and the entrance to it are not very convenient. In the case of a two-post lift, you have to repeatedly maneuver the car to put it on the lift. Often the car is damaged.

3. A single single-rack Ameh lift requires less space than a double-rack lift (3200 mm and 3700 mm, respectively). If the lifts are installed in a row, they require 3900 mm and 4400 mm respectively.

Single-plunger lifts have the same advantages as single-stranded lifts, and they also have good specific performance in terms of power and load capacity. At the same time, their serious drawback is the need to deepen the hydraulic cylinder below the field level by 2-3 m, which eliminates the possibility of arranging the basement under the maintenance and maintenance areas and installing lifts on the floor. The disadvantages of a single-plunger lift are also: the difficulty of access to the mechanisms of the car in the area of ​ ​ the plunger and the sensitivity of the plunger to distortions, which causes spontaneous turning of the frame with the car installed on it.

The domestic industry produces single-plunger fashion lifts. P138 and P138 G with lifting capacity up to 2000 kg.

Double-rack lifts ensure sufficient stability of the lifted car, safety of work, good access from all sides. The installation of these lifts is simple, and the design is quite easy to use. Commercially available two-post lift P133 (Fig. 4.9) for cars weighing up to 2 tons has asymmetrically located posts in relation to the car, which allows opening the car's doors, improves serviceability. The lift does not require a buried foundation and can be installed on any flat surface (soil, wooden floor, floor floor), attached to the floor using anchor bolts, special bolts or fastening bushings (depending on the floor structure).

The domestic industry produces 2-rack lifts for cars with a carrying capacity of up to 3 tons of PLD3 models, PLDZ-01 (with a floor frame), a fashion lift. PLD (up to 5 t).

Two-plunger lifts have the same advantages as double-plunger lifts, and disadvantages characteristic of single-plunger lifts.

Four-post lifts are relatively easy to mount and dismantle. They occupy a large area. Their carrying capacity is within 3-7 tons. In the mechanical part of the drive, a screw, chain, cable or gearbox can be used.

Of the domestic 4-post lifts at STOA, ATP, a mod lift is most often used. P137 with lifting capacity of 2 tons with electrohydraulic drive.

4-rack SDO lifts (Poland) are widely used at Auto Service enterprises.

A fundamental difference from other 4-post lifts is the balcony type lift, which allows you to carry out work simultaneously on 3 levels: under the car and on the balcony of the lift (side and top of the car).

The structural difference is that a balcony is mounted on the risers at a certain height, or the balcony platform is made lifting integral with the gauge frame.

Technical description of the designed lift

The general view of the lift is shown on the general view sheet of the graphic part of the project. Electromechanical single-stranded movable lift. The lift is designed to lift and position cars and minivans, weighing up to 2 tons, to hold them at a certain height.

The lift I design is mobile, single-stranded, electromechanical.

The racks are moved manually. Rubber rollers are used to move the post.

The load nut wear sensor prevents the car from falling, turning off the electric motors during deformation of thin-walled plates connecting the load and safety nuts, while an emergency lamp lights up on the control panel.

This lift is intended for enterprises with limited production areas, since it occupies a small area when not used.

Description of electrical circuit operation

The lift is controlled from the control cabinet installed on the rack.

When the QF1 circuit breaker is switched on, the mains voltage of 380/220 V, 50 Hz is supplied to the power circuits of M1, M2 motors and control circuits. The signal lamp HL1 on the door of the hardware cabinet lights up, signalling the supply of voltage to the lift.

On the cabinet door there are 4 control buttons SB1, SB2 for simultaneous actuation of electric motors of both racks in push mode and SB3, SB5 for individual actuation of electric motor of rack No. 1. Individual actuation of motor of rack No. 2 is performed by buttons SB4, SB6 from control post on rack No. 2.

When the motors are switched on, the signal lamps HL2, HL3 on the cabinet door come ON.

Limit switches SQ1, SQ2 limit travel of carriage "Up." When the limit switch of any rack is pressed, the motors of both racks are switched off.

Limit switches SQ3, SQ4 limit lowering. When the terminal SQ3 switch is pressed, the motor of the first rack is turned off. Pressing the SQ4 limit switch will turn off the second strut motor. The electric motors are protected from overloads by three-phase electric heat relays KK1, KK2, which

are installed on starters. When the thermal protection is activated, the HL4 emergency trip lamp on the cabinet door lights up.

Motors are protected from short circuits by electromagnetic maximum disconnectors built into QF1 circuit breaker, and control circuits - by FU1... FU3 fuses.

Lifter Operation Procedure

Rise.

Set the main selector switch to "1" position and press "PODYEMA" mode activation button, and hold down the button until the lift reaches the required lifting height. During the entire lifting cycle, the catcher lead-out lever will be in the normal (raised) position, which will automatically engage the catchers with the slots of the safety rods.

Stop.

When the lift is stopped in the raised position, the load on the legs should never be held by the cable. The legs shall be held by catcher wedges which automatically enter the slots of the safety rod. When the lifter reaches the desired height, click STOP. The lifting will automatically stop when the wedges enter the first slots when the lowering begins.

Lowering.

Before the lowering operation, it is necessary to disengage the catchers: to do this, press the button to turn on the lifting mode so that the platforms begin to move up by about 3 see. Then press the button to turn on the lowering mode, which automatically disengages the catchers wedges and turns on the solenoid valve to control the lowering mode. If obstacles occur when the lift is lowered in the path of the platforms, then the sensors controlling the tension of the cables operate, transmitting a command to the micro switches to stop lowering. With such actuation of sensors, it is allowed to switch on only the lifting mode. It should be noted that in the lowering mode, protection against accidental fall of the car is provided by catchers controlled by said sensors.

Lifter Maintenance

1. Before the start of operation of the new lift and in the future annually test the lift according to the full program in accordance with safety requirements.

2. Check and tighten loosened threaded connections every month.

3. Check the clear and correct operation of the limit switches every month.

4. Check the presence of lubrication on lifting screws, in reduction gears, guides for carriages sliders, surfaces of struts and, if necessary, lubricate them.

5. Perform lubrication of upper bearing units every month, before removal of protective screens.

6. During operation, periodic maintenance of the elevator electrical equipment should be carried out with verification of the reliability of electrical contacts.

7. During normal operation of the lift, there should be no swinging of the struts, increased noise.

8. All maintenance operations and dates shall be recorded in the service log.

Installation of equipment

A single-line car lift is installed without a foundation directly on the floor or floor floor (the possibility of installing an automobile lift in multi-storey buildings).

Install the lift in the following sequence;

1. At the selected place lay the support frame and perform marking by eight holes in it.

2. Remove the frame and make holes by marking.

3. Lay the support frame. Install M16 anchor bolts into the holes.

4. Use liners and wedges to set the support frame so that it assumes strictly horizontal position.

5. Fill the slots under the frame with cement mortar in order to increase its contact area with the floor surface.

6. Tighten the nuts that attach the frame to the floor.

7. Install the rack on the frame.

8. Attach the rack with bolts before checking the carriage installation.

9. To make engine installation on the platform by means of M10 nuts.

10. Install the strut in strict vertical position using gaskets or washers and attach it.

11. Hang the carriage without impact of the plate support against the cylinder.

12. Install rollers and carriage rear wall.

13. Install and tighten the steel fence straps on both sides of the rack using M6x40 screws.

14. On brackets of the support plate and a channel beam of a rack to install by M5x40 screws limit switches.

15. Install the circuit breaker at a distance of not more than 7 m from the control post, lift on a rigid vertical surface at a height of 1.3... 1.7 m from the floor surface.

16. Ground the rack, motor.

17. Perform electrical installation of the hoist in accordance with the schematic diagram.

18. Supply power.

19. Install hoe brackets on carriages, insert hoe beam brackets with grips.