Selection Node Selection Node Automation Diagram

Contents

Introduction

1 Process Diagram Analysis

2 Selection and justification of parameters and controls

3 Selection and justification of control parameters,

control effects and diagrams

4 Selection of automation tools

4.1 Primary converters

4.2 Actuators

5 Functional diagram analysis

6 APCS Upper Level Components Selection

6.1 Controller Selection

6.2 SCADA System Selection

6.3 Selection of Operator's AWS

7 Calculation of economic efficiency

Conclusion

List of sources used

Introduction

Automation of production processes is one of the leading areas of technological progress, an important factor in increasing efficiency and productivity, as well as improving the quality of products in all areas of production.

Automation of technological processes is carried out by introducing control, regulation and control systems based on a complex of technical means of general industrial and industrial purpose. Considerable experience in process automation has already been gained.

The widespread introduction of automation in industry is facilitated by a number of prerequisites. They include continuity, flow, complex mechanization of technological processes, large production volumes, serial production of the necessary devices and automation equipment.

The nomenclature of industrial devices has undergone significant qualitative and quantitative changes. Mass production of the so-called State system of devices, which has increased reliability, unified overall dimensions and values ​ ​ of output signals, has been mastered.

Both automated systems are used, in which part of the control functions is assigned to operational personnel, and automatic ones, when the control functions are performed only by technical means. The most widely used are local automated systems designed to control individual units.

They also implement automated centralized systems that provide control over the operation of the process equipment group or technological processes as a whole.

2 Selection and justification of parameters and controls

Based on the above described flow chart, the following process variables can be identified with certainty:

1 Flow rate of the supplied mixture. This parameter is required to account for raw materials, calculations of average production of finished products and calculations of economic efficiency of operation. It is controlled by the valve and operation of the pump on the feed pipeline to supply the mixture to the distillation column.

2 Level of mixture in tanks and columns. It is necessary to maintain the level within 3070 percent of the total volume of tanks and columns in order to avoid an emergency.

3 Mixture temperature. The temperature of the mixture in this system is one of the most important parameters, the value of which can affect the quality of the finished product.

4 Vacuum in rectification column. Rectification is carried out at a pressure of 1.81 MPa in column 3 and 0.64 MPa in column 8. An excess or lack of pressure can also lead to an emergency.

All process parameters are controlled by actuators that have an electric drive according to the readings of the primary measuring transducers.

3 Selection and substantiation of control parameters, control effects and diagrams

The process analysis made it possible to form a system of criteria that comprehensively characterize the efficiency of the process of isolating the isobutylene fraction.

The most significant criteria for the efficiency of the process are the temperature of the mixture and the vacuum in the distillation columns.

The vacuum in the column is maintained by the compressor. Constant pressure must be maintained throughout the process. Pressure fluctuations affect the efficiency and efficiency of the process.

The mixture is heated by reboilers to a temperature of 100105 ° C for stabilization column 3, and 8085 ° C for distillation column 8. To maintain the specified values, a set of instruments and devices for controlling the temperature of the coolant, as well as pressure control directly from the operator's workplace, is used. The pressure is controlled by closing the valve 4d.

Significant temperature deviations in the feed zone of the mixture to the distillation column indicate improper process or technology disruption, which affects the quality of the finished product in the direction of deterioration.

When selecting sensors, and temperature monitoring sensors in particular, it is necessary to determine the following criteria:

- measurement range and permissible accuracy deviations;

- sensor operating environment conditions (normal, high humidity, high oxidizing atmosphere, fire hazard, seismic hazard, etc.);

- possibility of sensor removal for periodic verification and interchangeability.

5 Functional diagram analysis

The bottom liquid from the tank 1, where the mixture level is controlled according to Metran43DG level sensor readings, is supplied by the pump 2 through the pipeline, the flow rate in which is supported by the motor-driven disk gate ZD.001, based on the Metran370 flowmeter readings, to the stabilization column 3, in which the electric-driven disk gate ZD.001 maintains the vapour pressure based on the absolute pressure sensor SOND10AD1110. The temperature in the stabilization column 3 is maintained by means of a reboiler 13, on which an electrically driven disk gate ZD.001 is installed, which increases or decreases the steam flow rate depending on the readings of the temperature sensor TCA Metran231. Vapors from the upper part of stabilization column 3 are supplied to condenser 4 and propane condenser 5, where vapors condense due to regulation of cold water supply by disk gate ZD.001 with electric drive, based on the readings of temperature sensor TKA Metran231. Further, the condensate enters the tank 6, and the non-condensed vapors into the separator 11, where part of them condenses, and everything else is released into the fuel network. Condensate level in tank 6 is maintained by disk gate ZD.001 with electric drive, based on Metran43DG sensor readings. Condensate from tank 6 by pump 7 is returned to stabilization column 3 for further treatment.

From stabilization column (3) the mixture is supplied by gravity through the pipeline to rectification column (8), in which the vapour pressure and the mixture level are maintained by disk gate ZD.001 with electric drive, based on the readings of sensors - absolute pressure sensor ZOND10AD1110 and level sensor Metran43DG. Maintenance of temperature in rectification column 8 is carried out by means of reboiler 14, on which disk gate ZD.001 with electric drive is installed, which increases or decreases flow rate of steam supply depending on readings of temperature sensor TCA Metran231. Vapors from the upper part of rectification column 8 are supplied to condenser 9, where vapour condensation occurs due to regulation of cold water supply by disk gate ZD.001 with electric drive, based on readings of temperature sensor TKA Metran231. The condensate enters the tank 12, where the level is maintained by the disk gate ZD.001 with an electric drive, based on the readings of the Metran43DG sensor. The product is then returned back to the distillation column 8 for further treatment. The reflux from rectification column 8 is supplied to the warehouse.

6.3 Selection of Operator's AWS

SIMATIC industrial software has a modular organization. Various tools can be used either comprehensively or individually.

All SIMATIC industrial software is divided into four classes:

Standard Workbench. These tools are the basis for SIMATIC hardware programming;

design tools: high-level programming languages and technologically oriented software;

Runtime software: ready-to-use software that requires only parameter settings to run;

Man-Machine Interface (HMI) software: operational control and monitoring support software;

SIMATIC NET communication software for industrial communication between various automation systems;

Basic tools for programming SIMATIC S7/C7/ WinAC automation systems. Without these tools, SIMATIC automation systems cannot be programmed.

Standard tools include:

STEP 7 Professional: a comprehensive package for all SIMATIC applications with support for all programming languages ​ ​ according to DIN EN 6.11313 and program debugging functions without real control equipment;

STEP 7: full version for all applications related to the use of SIMATIC automation systems;

STEP 7 Lite: a lower-level version used for programming SIMATIC S7300/C7/ET 200S with IMCPU/ET 200X with BMCPU used in local automation systems;

STEP 7 Micro/WIN: software package for SIMATIC S7200 programmable controllers.

Design tools are problematic software that is used in addition to standard tools. They allow the designer to focus on solving the task and solve it in the most convenient form.

Design tools reduce design costs and improve design convenience. They include:

high-level programming languages;

graphic languages for technology professionals;

related software for diagnostics, simulation, remote maintenance, development of factory documentation, etc.;

Runtime software allows you to use pre-created software blocks that perform standard automatic control functions when developing projects. These program blocks can be called from the user program and require only pre-setting parameters for their use.

There are two types of Runtime software:

hardware-dependent: software to support specific types of equipment. For example, function blocks (FBs) for function modules (FMs);

hardware independent: software for working with a wide range of equipment. For example, PRODAVE;

Runtime software includes:

standard and modular PIDs, fuzzy control packages and others;

instrumentation for linking automation systems to Windows applications.

Operational control and monitoring software using SIMATIC components.

Software composition:

SIMATIC ProTool and ProTool/Lite to configure SIMATIC OP/TP/TD/MP operator panels

ProTool/Pro to configure operator panels and build simple visualization systems;

SIMATIC WinCC flexible Micro for the development of SIMATIC operator panels designed to work with SIMATIC S7200 programmable controllers;

SIMATIC WinCC Flexible Compact for the design of SIMATIC 70, 170 and 177 series operator panels;

SIMATIC WinCC flexible Standard for designing SIMATIC 70, 170, 177, 270, 277 and 370 series operator panels;

SIMATIC WinCC Flexible Advanced for the design of SIMATIC 70, 170, 177, 270, 277 and 370 series panels, as well as simple computer-based visualization systems;

SIMATIC WinCC, a powerful SCADA system that runs Windows 2000 Professional/2000 Server/XP Professional operating systems and allows you to create both single-seat and multi-seat human-machine interface systems with a client-server architecture;

additional ProAgent package for building technical diagnostics systems.

SIMATIC NET communication software.

Software for designing and supporting data exchange between automation systems via Industrial Ethernet, PROFINET, PROFIBUS and Internet and Intranet industrial networks. It includes design packages for industrial communication systems, drivers to support various data exchange protocols, interface software for data exchange between computer applications and SIMATIC automation systems through industrial networks.

Conclusion

In this course project, the task of automating the isobutylene fraction extraction unit was performed.

This course project proposes an automation scheme for the isobutylene fraction extraction unit, developed on the basis of the SIMATIC S7 Failsafe programmed logic controller using modern sensors and actuators of domestic and foreign production.

The monitoring system allows you to:

improve quality of process parameters control;

monitor and control the pressure inside the columns;

Monitor product consumption and level in tanks

control and control the temperature inside the columns;

ensure uninterrupted operation of the main units in automatic mode.