Residential one-apartment building in Vorkuta

Contents

1. Source Data

2. Introduction

3. General Plan Solution

4. Volumetric planning solution

5. Functional process

6. Constructive solution

6.1 Foundations

6.2 Walls and partitions

6.3 Overlap

6.4 Roof Types and Structures

6.5 Roof

6.6 Ladder

6.7 Floors

7. Heat Engineering Calculation

7.1 Heat Engineering Calculation of Walls and Floors

7.2 Thermal engineering calculation of attic floor

8. Finishing works

9. Fire safety measures

10. Literature

Introduction.

Currently, the pace of development of construction production requires a high level of training of civil engineers. Graphic literacy of engineers plays a significant role in acquiring the necessary knowledge.

The ability to correctly execute and read the drawing is generated as a result of mastering the course of engineering drawing. This knowledge, skills and skills are necessary in the study of general engineering and special disciplines, as well as in practical engineering activities .

The purpose of this course project is to familiarize and learn about the design of residential buildings. Study of literature, codes and rules of construction within design.

On the instructions of the course project, it is necessary to build a residential one-apartment building in the city of Shira. The house is designed for one average family of 4 people.

3.1 General Plan Solution

The residential building is the compositional basis of the estate, and the correct choice of its location largely determines the planning structure of the site and the subsequent convenience of its operation .

It is assumed that the site is located on the outskirts of the city, where there is no intensive traffic and harmful effects of gases generated by the city's infrastructure.

On the site there are two storey cottage, garage, sauna and gazebo with table and shops for 6 places. The connection between the cottage, garage, sauna and gazebo is carried out using an asphalt path.

The perimeter area is fenced. The side bordering the roadway is fenced with a brick fence, 1.5 m high. The rest of the fence is made of a wooden rack with a width of 50 mm, installed with a pitch of 0.3 m.

4. Space Planning Solution

Living space includes bedrooms and living room, the rest is non-residential area and utility rooms.

Total building area -215.84m2

Living space 77.52 m2

Non-residential area 138.32 m2

5. Functional process

On the ground floor of the house there is a central entrance through which a person enters the hall of the building. From it leads the stairs to the second floor and the basement. Also on the ground floor there is a kitchen, dining room, living room and bedroom. On the second floor there are two bedrooms, a library and an office.

On all floors there are bathrooms located. The kitchen was designed with the expectation of installing the necessary sanitary and technical equipment and kitchen furniture in it. On the first and second floors, the combined bathroom borders on the outer wall, so special attention is paid to the waterproofing of the room.

The kitchen and bathrooms have exhaust ventilation.

6. Constructive solution

The residential building is two-story in different levels for 1 family.

The appearance of the house, its capital efficiency and heat-protective qualities are largely determined by the nature of the wall materials used.

The foam concrete house has the highest capital, relatively low cost, largely depending on the range of transportation of wall materials, satisfactory sanitary and hygienic qualities. Such a house requires a heavy, expensive foundation. Prefabricated reinforced concrete blocks serve as the best material for this purpose.

In terms of storeys, the building is low-rise;

By purpose - residential

By degree of fire resistance -

By material - foam concrete

By the degree of durability -

By capital - (degree)

The main structural elements of the building: foundation, roof, stairs, windows, doors.

6.1 Bases

The foundations are the supporting part of the building and are designed to transfer the load from the above structures to the base (soil). The operational quality of the building, its capital and durability depend on the reliable operation of the foundations. Given that the cost of erecting foundations is relatively high and amounts to 15-20% of the cost of the entire house, and correcting errors is difficult and expensive, you should take more responsibility for their construction .

Usually, the supporting area of ​ ​ the foundation being erected significantly exceeds the design one and almost always provides a stable condition on non-sedimentary soils.

Ribbon monolithic foundations are usually erected during the construction of buildings with heavy walls and floors, also in cases where a basement or a warm underground is under the house.

Structural solution of foundations is determined mainly by hydrogeological conditions. In our case, construction is carried out on fixed soils (unpowered). Concrete class B12.5.

Before the construction of the house, it is necessary to tie it to local conditions, i.e. adjust the volumetric - planning and structural solutions and taking into account local climatic

and hydrogeological features to develop the design of the foundations and the basement of the house.

In order to determine the structural solution of the foundations, draw up their plan, sections and calculate the volume of materials used, it is necessary to have:

- house design (plan, facade, section) indicating the materials and structures used;

- information on soil composition, their bearing capacity, freezing depth, ground water level;

- information on materials used for the foundation arrangement;

Having determined the structural section of the tape foundations, their bearing capacity in the most loaded place is checked. The total load acting on 1 pog.m is calculated. bottom of tape foundation in section. It will be equal to the sum of loads from snow, roof, attic floor, exterior wall of the house, walls and floor, as well as from the load of the foundation itself. Since the course design does not provide for calculation, we accept the width of the sole structurally 400mm .

6.2 Walls and partitions

Foam concrete is a durable and durable material. The block wall is capable of carrying any evenly distributed load arising in one and two-story buildings from the above structures, including reinforced concrete floors.

At the same time, foam concrete has high strength, in its thermal insulation qualities is inferior to many other wall materials.

With solid masonry, the construction of brick walls with external or internal insulation is economical. In this case, the thickness of the foam concrete wall can be minimal based on the requirements of strength, and thermal protection is provided by the thickness and quality of the insulation. When the insulation layer is located from the inside, it is protected from water vapors by steam insulation, when located from the outside, it is protected by a screen or plaster from atmospheric effects.

Foam concrete walls have great thermal inertia: they slowly warm up and also slowly cool down. Moreover, this inertia is the greater the thicker the wall and its mass. In foam concrete houses, the indoor temperature has slight daily fluctuations, and this is the advantage of foam concrete walls. Foam concrete walls are usually laid out on cement sand, cement lime or cement linen mortars. Cement sand mortar with any brand of cement is too strong and hard, so it is better if you add lime or clay dough to it. The solution from such an additive will become plastic and conveniently laid, and the cement consumption will decrease by 1.5-2 times. The grade of mortar for load-bearing walls and pillars, as well as for plaster of facades - M25, for load-bearing walls and partitions - M10. Zest dough used as an additive to cement sand mortar is prepared from quicklime. If there is quicklime in the form of separate pieces (boiling water) or powder (cannon), it must be extinguished with water in a creative pit lined with boards and maintained in this state for at least two weeks. The longer the aging time, the better. The uniformity of the composition and the strength of the lime dough with prolonged exposure increases.

Clay dough for masonry solutions is also advisable to prepare in advance. Pieces of clay are soaked with water and kept in this form until complete thinning for 3 5 days. Then water is added, mixed, filtered, after settling excess water is drained and consumed. The shelf life of clay dough is unlimited.

Unlike walls, partitions can be structural.

In this course design, the outer walls are laid out of foam concrete. With skin outside insulation from mineral wool slabs.

Partitions in the house are made of the same foam concrete with subsequent plastering.

6.3 Overlaps

For floors, reinforced concrete plates of factory manufacture with a thickness of 220 mm are used. They have high strength and are designed for a payload of more than 200 kg/m. Partitions, kitchen and sanitary equipment can be directly supported on such stoves. Floors arranged on such reinforced concrete flooring are not unstable and can be made of almost any materials.

6.4 Roof Types and Construction

The type of roof is determined mainly by its shape and roof material. Our house has a multi-pitched roof. It has a fairly expressive appearance, is easy to manufacture and reliable in operation. The roof slab design allows you to use any roofing materials used in construction. In low houses, roofs with a significant slope are preferable. It gives the house a more representative look. And on steep slopes of such a roof almost no snow is delayed.

Roof is made as follows. Rafter legs bind into the frame using a lattice. A solid wooden flooring is launched along the grill. Insulation from rigid mineral wool slabs is arranged on the flooring. This makes the insulation flooring continuous and prevents the occurrence of cold bridges. A roof is arranged on the flooring.

6.5 Roof.

Roof is made of metal cutter. This material recently appeared on the Rossi market, but has already managed to establish itself well in construction. Low weight, durability, ease of installation. At the same time, at the request of the customer, it is possible to choose any color.

6.6 Stairs

The house has a staircase. According to regulatory requirements, the width of the flight of stairs is at least 90 cm, and the distance between the opposite walls is at least 110 cm. With smaller sizes, it would be difficult to carry large-sized furniture, and disperse two people on it.

Stair slope shall not exceed 45. In most cases, the support for the steps of the ladder is served by kosours (straps) made of thick boards or bars fixed in pairs with metal weights or straps. Wooden treads made of thick chopped boards 40-60 mm thick. They allow you to create a rigid structural basis of the staircase and give it a more solid appearance. The approaches can be made of plywood.

The staircase not only performs a functional role, but also adorns the interior of the house.

6.7 Floors

Depending on the operation of the room, the floor design is divided into the following types. Places of everyday stay of tenants: floors are made of laminated parquet leaf. Aesthetic appearance, environmentally friendly and modern materials. Here are the advantages of this type of flooring. Before laying the sheets, irregularities and defects of the railway floor are eliminated by cement-cloth bracing, 20 mm thick. A soft substrate is provided on the back of the laminate board. It is designed to soften surface irregularities and improve sound insulation between rooms in height .

Floors in latrines and sanitary rooms are made of ceramic tiles. Before laying, the floor is leveled with cement cloth bracing. Polymer glue "Hercules" is used as a fastening composition. This material is set within 10 minutes after the composition is applied to the surface of the tile, which makes it possible to correct the slope and correct installation. After 48 hours, the glue finally gains strength. The seam space is expanded by a special

composition with similar properties with glue. Currently, the construction market for ceramic products is widely represented by a variety of high-quality, color for any taste and different size small tiles. The choice depends only on the desire and taste of the consumer.

The basement of the building borders on the ground and here special attention is paid to hydraulic protection and insulation of the floors. The base is trapped soil. Further waterproofing - 3 layers of ruberoid. When laying, special attention should be paid to the connection of layers. There should be no gusts of ruberoid and unpressurized places. The concrete floor completes the waterproofing. The alignment layer will hide surface irregularities. Mineral wool hard plates are selected as insulation agent. Lagi are laid on them. SLP sheets are laid on the lags. The surface is covered with enamel in two times. See sheet 5 for the flooring list.

Finishing works.

In the premises, walls are plastered with cement sand mortar in a ratio of 1:4. On the surface, after drying the plaster, an olive is applied in two times. Now the wall is ready to apply the key. After the first time, the surface is masked with sandpaper. The process is repeated.

Now the wall is ready for painting. We will paint with water emulsion paint. The base of this paint is water. It does not have a sharp smell and is not taxical. In addition to the water available in it, another 15% of the volume should be added to the mixture. Paint is applied uniformly over the surface of the wall with a roller. Hard-to-reach places are painted with a brush (corners, round surfaces).

In sanitary rooms (toilets, bathroom). Walls are laid out in tiles. According to the customer's desire, color and texture can be selected .

On the attic floor, the ceilings are sheathed with a wooden rack.

See the floor finish above.