Renovation and prospective reconstruction of the building of the music school N1 at the address: Tyumen, 42 Republic St. - Thesis, architectural solutions

Contents

INTRODUCTION

1. BRIEF HISTORICAL ESSAY

1.1.CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE

1.2.STRUCTURE OF THE BUILDING

1.3.FUNDAMENTS OF THE BUILDING

1.4. WALLS OF THE BUILDING

1.5. ROOF OF THE BUILDING

2. RESULTS OF VISUAL EXAMINATION

2.1.STATE OF FOUNDATIONS

2.2.STATE OF EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL WALLS

2.3.STATE OF SLABS

2.4.STATE OF ROOF STRUCTURES

3. FINDINGS FROM THE SURVEY AND RECOMMENDATIONS

3.1.LOAD-BEARING STRUCTURES OF FOUNDATIONS AND WALLS

3.2.SLAB ELEMENTS

3.3STEP REPAIR AND RECONSTRUCTION OF THE BUILDING

3.3.1 From 1999 to 2001, the following works were carried out:

3.3.2.Division of technical solutions in this diploma project:

INTRODUCTION

The need to perform the work is caused by the long life of the building, numerous defects in the building structures of the building, determination of the degree of wear of individual structures and the building as a whole, as well as the development of technical solutions for strengthening and reconstruction.

Since intensive development of the central part of the city is underway and the population is increasing, the number of students in the music school is also increasing. Currently, the number of students exceeds the hole by 1 m ², so new areas are needed.

Due to the high density of the quarter, it is not possible to add a new building. Therefore, the superstructure of the third floor is a real prospect of reconstructing the building with an increase in useful space and expanding the functions of the music school.

Since the building was built at the end of the IXX century and has historical value, after reconstruction the building should correspond to the style of the late IXX century.

1. Short historical essay

The development of this quarter on the street. Republic (until 1922 Tsarskaya St.) began at the beginning of the twentieth century and was carried out by completing, restructuring and blocking separate buildings for about ten years. The analysis of the structural solutions of the music school building presents some difficulties.

1.1.Construction sequence.

Considering the structural solutions of this building, the materials and technologies used in the construction, it is possible to assume the following sequence in the construction of the building:

a) three independent buildings were originally constructed - a building in which there are currently two Detsky Mir stores on the ground floor (in the axes AB; 17, see annex 1), the building in which there was a meeting point "Tyumentelecom" on the first floor (in the axes AG "; 8-10, at the moment this part of the building belongs to the music school) and the building of the former Temp cinema (previously, at the beginning of the century - stables), this hour the Tamara store (this fact was found out by comparing the types of brick and masonry in these parts of the modern building);

b) then three independent buildings were united at the level of the second floor by transitions in the form of windows. The arrangement of these transitions, judging by materials and technological techniques (cast-in-situ concrete, rails, a rolling channel with bolted connections), was made in the period 1910-1914.

These conclusions are confirmed by the architectural decision of the facades.

1.2.Structure of the building.

Based on what is said in paragraph 1.1., the building structure will be considered by the zones of initial development.

Building in axes AB "; 17. On the section in axes AB"; 14 has three bearing longitudinal walls along axes A, B, "V." The spans between the walls at the level of the first and second floors are blocked by wooden beams with a spacing of 1000 to 2250 mm.

On the section in axes AB "; 47 there are two longitudinal load-bearing walls along axes A and B" with a span of about 10 m. The runs of the first floor are made of logs, in the middle part they are reinforced on the first floor with girders from a package of rails and abutments on columns along axis A. " Perhaps these columns and rail girders are made later than the floor is based. The floor of the second floor is made in the form of suspended (to rafter trusses) runs and rails with a pitch of 1800 mm with clogging from boards between them and insulation from rolling soil with a thickness of 100 mm.

The building in the axes of AG "; 47. The building is made with three longitudinal non-bearing walls along the axis A," B, G. " The span in axes A'B is 8.2 m., in axes BG "is 7.2 m. And covered at the level of the first and second floors with wooden beams from logs with a fence of boards. On the fence boards there is a layer of sound insulation from baked soil with a thickness of 100 mm. On the fence boards of the second floor, the same layer of soil plays the role of thermal insulation. Since wooden beams are hit by rot and weakened, 1520 years ago they were reinforced in some areas: on the first floor in axes A'B; 89 rails placed next to wooden beams in axes BG "; 8-9 I-beams No. 20. On the second floor (floors of the first floor) beams in axes A'B; 89 are duplicated with new, higher ones, old beams are suspended with the help of weights to new ones.

Transition at the level of the second floor in axes A'B; 78. The floor of the first floor in the transition zone is made of rolling I-beams with a pitch of 1100-1300 mm and a monolithic reinforced concrete slab along them, the wooden formwork from the boards has not yet been removed. The floor of the second floor in the transition zone is made in the form of wooden beams from logs with a pre-juice intake and backfilling from soil.

Transition in the level of the second floor in axes A'D "; 910. The floor floor of the first floor is made on the BG section"; 910 in the form of beams from rails and a monolithic railway plate, in axes A'B; 910 there is a staircase to the second floor from the entrance from Republic Street. The floor of the second floor in this zone is made in the form of wooden beams made of logs with a pitch of 1200-1350 mm. These beams are based on the transverse wall of the music school building along axis 9 and the wall of the former Temp cinema (now the Tamara store) along axis 10.

1.3.Fundations of the building.

According to the results of opening of two holes from the outside of the walls, along axis 1, in the axes of AB "and along the axis of D," in axes 89, to a depth of up to 2 m from the ground surface, it was determined that the foundations were made of clay full-white brick on lime mortar. Foundations are made with thickness equal to wall thickness, without device of widening cushion. The initial elevation of the foundation foot was 1.1-1.2 m from the ground surface during the construction of buildings (such foundation laying was accepted and characteristic of construction at the beginning of the century). At the moment, the elevation of the surface of the cultural layer and sidewalks has risen by 0.9-1.0 m, so the depth of the foundation sole is 1.8-2.2 m from the surface of the surrounding cultural layer.

1.4. Walls of the building.

The external walls of the building are made of full clay brick of plastic pressing with good quality of firing, masonry mortar - lime. The wall on the main facade to the height of the first floor is plastered with cement sand mortar, all other facades are not plastered. The inner walls, made mainly in two bricks, are in satisfactory condition. During the repair, under a layer of plaster, old doorways on the second floor were discovered, which are laid down with new brickwork.

1.5.The roof of the building.

The roof of the building in structural terms, as well as the construction of the structural walls, depends on the time of initial construction. So the roof in the axes AB "; 17, is made in the form of simplified rafter trusses on the section in the axes 47, and layered rafters. On the site in axes 14, made of broken logs, with a grill of boards.

On the 8-9 section, the roof is in the form of layered rafters made of logs resting on posts along the middle wall. The swing from the rafters is perceived by special horizontal elements transmitting this swing to the floor beams of the second floor. Sections of the roof above, later arranged, transitions in axes 7-8 and 910, in the form without system rafters, are not subjected to static analysis.

2. Results of visual examination

The survey of the building structures was carried out from 1998 to the present, since the condition of the external walls, roof and foundations, as well as the floors of the first and second floors in individual areas was determined immediately before the start of repair work in a particular zone. The condition of the floors was clarified during the repair work.

2.1.The state of the foundations.

The state of masonry is satisfactory, the surface destruction of the masonry material to a depth of 30-50 mm is observed in the zone of the modern cultural layer.

In buildings with a long service life (70100 years), a layer of horizontal waterproofing laid during construction above the surface of the surrounding soil, after 100 years of operation, is under the surface of the surrounding soil. This is due to the fact that the elevations of streets and sidewalks are constantly increasing due to the growth of the cultural layer. In our cities over the past 100 years, the cultural layer has grown by about one meter (see old buildings on Lenin St. and Republic St.).

In connection with the above, soaking takes place, formerly, the basement parts of the walls, and capillary pumping of water into the current basement sections of the walls, to a height of up to 1.5 m. Given all these working conditions. the foundation part of the outer walls and the state of the walls above the pavement surface, the absence of significant deformations and cracks, it can be concluded that there is no shortage of bearing capacity and uneven deposits.

2.2.State of external and internal walls.

The condition of the external and internal surfaces of the masonry of the walls along the perimeter and height has a different degree of wear: from very good to destroyed and destroyed to a depth of 30-200 mm, depending on the degree of soaking with water from a defective roof, water from the surface of the pavement and capillary pumping them into the walls. The destruction and defects of walls in the form of through cracks from uneven settlement of foundations were practically not found, there are cracks indicating the difference in the settlement of foundations in the area of ​ ​ adjoining the Temp cinema building along axis A "in axes 910, with an opening width of 1-2 mm. On external walls there are horizontal and inclined cracks caused by deformation of wooden bridges above windows of the second floor. Defects found in the masonry of the walls are repairable.

2.3.State of floors.

Spot opening of the floors of the first floor showed a rot of 3050% of the living section of wooden bearing elements. Additional surveys during the dismantling of the old overlap and the new one confirmed preliminary conclusions about the lack of capacity and the need to replace them.

All of the above applies to the floor floor of the second floor.

2.4.State of roof structures.

Since in the previous part distributed 2.3. it was decided to change the floors of the second floor, then the rafters of the roof should be considered separately from the structures of the floor of the second floor, although they worked together in some areas of the building. Based on this, we will evaluate the condition of rafters, grating and tin coating.

The rafters and roof grating are 80% satisfactory. These damages are located in places where structures are constantly pumped with water from the roof and the most loaded trusses.

Roof in the form of black tin on the section of the roof in axes A'D "; 710 is worn throughout the section and requires immediate replacement. The roof in the rest of the roof area has local leaks and should be replaced in the near future during the scheduled repair.

3.interpretations based on survey and recommendation results

The Structural Health Survey and Analysis provides the following conclusions and recommendations:

3.1.Load-bearing structures of foundations and walls.

They are in satisfactory condition, their repair and reinforcement should be considered on the basis of additional, detailed examination and carried out at the stage of repair and restoration works carried out after the completion of repair of the first and second floors of the building.

3.2.Slab elements.

Repair and reconstruction of these elements should be carried out as soon as possible.

3.3Step repair and reconstruction of the building.

Structural solutions for the repair and reconstruction of the main non-structural structures of the premises of the music school - the second floor, the roof in the axes of the AG "; 1-10:

• in accordance with the customer's wish, not to be implemented with repair work in the volume of the first floor during repair and reconstruction on the second floor;

• choose two stage technology for repair and reconstruction of floors.

In the first stage: to repair and reconstruct the floors of the first and second floors, as well as the roof and partitions of the second floor.

In the second stage: to remove the old wooden floors of the first floor and repair these rooms as quickly as possible, with plastering of the bottom of the steel beams of the new floor, since leaving steel beams of the new steel concrete floor of the first floor not protected from fire is not permissible from the point of view of building fire safety standards.

3.3.1 From 1999 to 2001, the following works were carried out:

• Reconstruction of ground floor floors in AG axes "; 410.

• Reconstruction of second floor floors in AG axes "; 410.

• Reconstruction of ceilings in transition zone in AB axes "; 78 and AB"; 910.

• Replacement of wooden lintels above the windows of the second floor along axis B, "in axes 4-7 with steel ones.

• Arrangement of new partitions of educational classes in AB axes "; 49.

• Roof repair activities.

3.3.2.Division of technical solutions in this diploma project:

• Reconstruction of first and second floor floors in AG axes "; 14.

• Arrangement of new walls and partitions on the second floor in AG axes "; 14.

• Construction of new walls and partitions on the ground floor in the axes of the AG "; 810 (the former room" Tyumentelecom, "in 2001 passed to the music school)

• Reconstruction of the flight of stairs in the axes AB; 910.

• Reconstruction of the escape ladder along the D axis in axes 8-9.

• Promising development of the third floor with assembly hall.