Diploma project of the railway station

Contents

Introduction

Architectural and construction part

Purpose of the building

Background for Graduate Engineering

Situation and Master Plan

Building Process

Architectural and planning solutions

Space Planning Solution

Fire fighting measures

Structural solutions of the building

Physical and technical calculations

Building engineering equipment

Environmental protection

Design and structural part

2.1. Comparison of variants

2.2. Collecting loads on the transverse frame of the frame

Constant load

Temporary load

2.3. Static calculation of cross frame

2.4. Calculation of metal rafter truss

To Match and Calculate Truss Feature Sections

Calculation of welds of grid elements attachment

Calculating Chamfer Sizes

2.5. Calculation of precast reinforced concrete slab

Forming a Cross Section

Collect loads and determine forces from them

Plate strength calculation by normal section

Calculation of slab shelf for local bend

Calculation of transverse ribs by strength

Calculation of slab by inclined section

Determining the Geometric Characteristics of a Slab Cross Section

Calculation of prestress losses in valves

Calculation of slab by crack formation in pre-reduction stage

Calculation of slab by crack formation in its operation stage

Calculation of deformations during operation

Reinforcement of the support unit of the coating plate

2.6. Calculation of prefabricated non-cut slab girder

Strength and deformation characteristics of concrete and reinforcement

Calculation of the girder

Design of crossbar joint with column

2.7. Calculation of precast reinforced concrete column

Strength and deformation characteristics of concrete and reinforcement

Calculation of columns for strength by normal sections

Calculation and Design of End Row Column Junction

Column Console Calculation and Design

2.8. Calculation and design of a separate foundation for a column

Selection of the design layout of the foundation

Calculation of foundation slab part for push-through

Strength and deformation characteristics of concrete and reinforcement

Calculation of foundation slab part for strength by normal and inclined sections

Calculation of the sub-column for strength by normal and inclined sections

Calculation of sub-column strength for local compression

Foundations and foundations

3.1. Geological section of the well

3.2. Determination of physical and mechanical properties of soil

3.3. Determination of foundation depth

3.4. Design of shallow foundation for extreme column

3.5. Design of shallow foundation for middle column

3.6. Types of foundations used

Organizational and Technological Part

4.1. General part

4.2. Design of construction organization

4.3. Job Instruction for Installation of Metal Rafter Trusses

Economic part

Object estimate for the construction of the railway station

Safety of life

Evacuation of human flows from the building

Fire safety

List of literature

Review

for the diploma project of a student with a degree in industrial and civil construction of the Institute of Path, Construction and Construction of Moscow State University (MIIT)

Kochetkova Vitaly Viktorovich

on the topic: "Railway Station."

The diploma project presented for review consists of an explanatory note on 156 sheets and a graphic part on 14 sheets.

The diploma project was developed in accordance with the design assignment and consists of six parts: architectural and construction part, design and construction part, foundations and foundations, organizational and technological part, economic part, life safety. Each of the sections is made in accordance with the requirements for the development of diploma projects.

Calculations were made in accordance with modern requirements of building codes and regulations .

In the architectural and construction part, physical and technical calculations of the outer wall, coating, layers of glazing, illumination of the room, as well as sound insulation of the partition were carried out.

In the design and structural part, a metal rafter truss, prefabricated reinforced concrete columns, a prefabricated reinforced concrete continuous floor girder, a monolithic reinforced concrete glass-type foundation, and a ribbed reinforced concrete coating slab were designed and calculated.

In the organizational and technological part, in addition to constructing the schedule and designing the construction plan, a process plan for the installation of metal rafter trusses has been carefully developed.

In the section of bases and foundations, calculations of monolithic foundations for the extreme and middle columns of the building are presented.

In the economic part, the object estimate was calculated.

In the life safety section, the evacuation of human flows from the building was calculated, and fire prevention systems were calculated.

As positive aspects of the diploma project, it should be noted the large volume of design and graphic parts, the use of computers, in particular, the ROK04 program for physical and technical calculations of the enclosing structures of the building and the SCAD software complex for static calculation, selection of sections of the metal truss in the design and structural part. Attention is drawn to the extremely expressive architectural solution of the facade of the building and an interesting structural solution.

Despite the positive aspects, there are the following comments on the diploma project submitted for review:

1. sheet No. 7 gives the erroneous length of the stressed reinforcement in the longitudinal ribs of the coating plate, the difference between the accepted and true lengths is insignificant and is 3 cm.

2. sheet No. 8 does not indicate holes in columns for passage of butt bars of reinforcement ensuring non-cutting of the floor crossbar .

3. do not indicate the components of the length of the crane trail of the tower crane located near the southern part of the designed building.

Despite the noted shortcomings, the diploma project was completed at the appropriate level and deserves to be rated "excellent," and the diploma student is qualified as a civil engineer with a degree in Industrial and Civil Engineering.

Introduction

Railways and railway stations had a noticeable impact on the development of cities and settlements, with their presence they made significant changes in their structure, created the prerequisites for the emergence and growth of new urban neighborhoods, became part of the city in all its complex unity and contradiction, a field for broad economic, socio-cultural and political activities.

One of the main creative tasks was the problem of the identity of the architecture of cities and rural settlements. The aesthetic role of the station as a building representative, designed to introduce a person into the spatial environment of a city or village, to form his first impressions, from the very beginning of the emergence of passenger structures forced high demands on his artistic quality. No wonder it says that the station is the gate to the city.

Stations, as a rule, are large public buildings of citywide importance and often determine the first impression of the city, and sometimes of the country as a whole; these circumstances affect the specific requirements to be imposed on their architectural composition.

When looking for an image of the station, it is necessary, perhaps, to more fully take into account the existing or projected "urban" environment, based on the principles of subordinate or contrasting solutions. Quite acceptable, if you play on the contrast of architecture, making the station building and the adjacent buildings of the entire railway station in the classical style, while building up the adjacent territories with buildings with modern architecture. Such a neighborhood of new and old mutually enriches the ensemble of this part of the city, emphasizes the severity of forms and the expressiveness of modern architecture .

The changing nature of railway traffic, the significant increase in passenger traffic and the rapid scientific and technological progress in transport and construction require constant improvement of the space-planning and structural solutions of railway station buildings.

Statistics show that annual rail transport is on the rise and currently stands at billions of passengers. With the growth of cities, passenger transportation will continuously increase, and with the increase in population its mobility increases. Thus, the problem of the station in modern conditions is becoming more and more urgent.

Over a period of 170 years, thousands of railway stations have been built on the railways of our country alone, reflecting the evolution of architecture, its diversity, the contradictions of known and unexpected styles; innovations in construction and structures caused by the emergence of many generations of materials.

Stations serve huge masses of passengers daily and are the main public buildings of citywide importance, the construction and operation of which requires significant funds. Passenger facilities are usually designed for many years of operation and, like other large public buildings, include an extensive list of premises - from passenger and office and technical facilities themselves to communication institutions, catering, trade, consumer services, etc.

Architectural and construction part

Situational and Master Plan.

The general decision of the general plan of the station area was made on the basis of the general plan of the city in connection with the requirements of the existing development, taking into account the track development of the station.

The railway includes the following complex of structures: directly, the station building, an administrative building for the maintenance staff of the station, a transformer substation, a canopy, and passenger platforms.

The project of the railway station provides for the following organization of passenger and transport flows:

The entrance of urban transport to the station square is carried out along Moskovsky Trakt Street, which contacts directly with the station square.

Departure from the station square is also carried out along Moskovsky Trakt Street.

City transport stop - opposite the main entrance to the station building. Taxi stop - at the station building.

Functional links.

The design of the station provides for safe passenger service and the creation of optimal service.

The central entrance to the station building receives long-distance and suburban passengers. The flow of long-distance and suburban passengers is sent to the first floor to long-distance and suburban cash desks, storage rooms, bathrooms and other rooms. The flows of suburban and distant passengers are divided in the lobby of the station. Each of the streams has an exit to the platforms .

The medical center has direct access to the city. Access to it is provided by sanitary transport.

The police room is located on the ground floor.

For short storage of luggage, storage rooms located on the ground floor are provided.

Ticket offices are located in cash centers in groups along the directions and duration of the train journey. There is also a reference office in the cash desk. For faster passenger service, electronic information guides are provided in the cash desk, allowing you to learn all the information about the passage.

Functional assignment.

The city of Tyumen lies on the path of the Trans-Siberian Railway, which provides through passage along Rossi from east to west. Therefore, the designed station is designed mainly for the cities of Siberia for the development of railway communication with the Yamal-Nenets, Khanty-Mansi, Taimyr districts. Therefore, the station is adopted of the dead end type. With a large capacity (600 long-distance passengers and 300 suburban and local services), the station complex is able to receive and send a huge number of passengers without additional time. And also, the station is able to send freight trains to cities with rich natural resources. The problem of the delivery of natural resources is very relevant and the introduction of additional railway networks will allow faster and better delivery of goods to their destination.

Architectural and planning solutions.

General characteristics of the station building.

Building class - II;

Degree of durability - II (service life of the building is not less than 50 years);

Fire resistance degree-I.

Utilities and equipment.

Water supply, sewerage, water flow.

To provide the designed building with the necessary fire and drinking expenses, it is planned to lay a water supply network with a diameter of 300 mm along the station area with connection to the water pipeline passing along Moskovskaya St. Fire hydrants are installed on the network in accordance with SNiPom.

Two sewerage systems are designed in the station building: household and industrial (from fast food rooms). Sewage networks are designed from polyvinyl chloride pipes.

To divert rainwater from the roof of the building, a system of internal drains is provided with the release of drains to the pavement.

Heating.

The water heating system is single-tube, dead end with lower mains with local heating devices: radiators for rooms, convectors - for halls. The heat supply of the convectors is controlled by an air control valve. Valves are installed in upper points of the system for air discharge. It is possible to turn off the heating system, as well as to lower the water. Hinged heat curtains are designed at the entrances.

Ventilation.

To ensure sanitary and hygienic conditions, a supply and supply ventilation system with a mechanical motive has been designed. External air in plenum systems undergoes the following treatment: cleaning from dust in filters and heating in calorifers.

Communication.

The design of the station provides for:

Installation of city, long-distance and international telephones.

Equipment of rooms with wired broadcasting devices.

Organization of local alert network.

Installation of electric watches, indicators, stands.

Equipment of premises with fire and security alarm devices.

Static calculation of the transverse frame.

Static frame calculation is performed using Structure CAD for Windows 95 version 7.27. Calculation sheets are shown below. Computer data are not fully available. The full explanatory note on static calculation, combinations of downloads and calculated combinations of forces is presented in electronic version.

Calculates the prefabricated floor girder.

Strength and deformation characteristics of concrete and reinforcement.

The girders of the designed building are made without preliminary tension of the reinforcement, i.e. LGBK. Longitudinal reinforcement of frames is accepted as class AIII. Its diameter and quantity are determined by calculation. Transverse reinforcement, on the contrary, is installed structurally to ensure stability of longitudinal compressed reinforcement. It is made of class BpI (dSW = 3; 4; 5 mm) or A-I (dSW≥6mm). Diameter of transverse reinforcement is taken as minimum in weldability with longitudinal reinforcement. The above reinforcement classes are also used to reinforce the column console and its ends (end sections).

Strength characteristics of concrete and reinforcement:

Concrete B25: Rb = 14, 5MPa, Eb = 27 × 103MPa;

Reinforcement: AIII: Rs = 365MPa.

Calculation of precast reinforced concrete column.

Strength and deformation characteristics of concrete and reinforcement.

The columns of the designed building are made without preliminary tension of the reinforcement, i.e. LGBK. Reinforcement of the column is carried out by spatial welded frames. Longitudinal reinforcement of frames is accepted as class AIII. Its diameter and quantity are determined by calculation. Transverse reinforcement, on the contrary, is installed structurally to ensure stability of longitudinal compressed reinforcement. It is made of class BpI (dSW = 3; 4; 5 mm) or A-I (dSW≥6mm). Diameter of transverse reinforcement is taken as minimum in weldability with longitudinal reinforcement. The above reinforcement classes are also used to reinforce the column console and its ends (end sections).

Strength characteristics of concrete and reinforcement:

Concrete B25: Rb = 14, 5MPa, Eb = 27 × 103MPa;

Reinforcement: AIII: Rs = 365MPa.

Types of foundations used

The diploma project provides for four types of foundations:

- cast-in-situ reinforced concrete for extreme columns;

- cast-in-situ reinforced concrete for middle columns;

- cast-in-situ reinforced concrete for twin columns installed in the transverse deformation joint.

Organizational and Technological Part

Common part.

The section describes the main decisions on the organization of construction, determining the procedure, terms and methods of work execution.

In order to reduce labor intensity and duration of work, increase the economic efficiency of investments, as well as create safe and harmless working conditions when performing construction and installation works, the construction organization project provides for

A. Implementation of integrated mechanization;

B. Use of prefabricated structures;

B. Year-round construction;

G. Performance of all construction and installation works with mandatory compliance with safety and industrial sanitation requirements.

Characteristics of the construction area.

The natural and climatic characteristics of the construction area are given in the section "architectural building part."

The construction area is provided with all necessary resources:

- plant of reinforced concrete structures at a distance of 50 km.

Access to the construction site is carried out on existing asphalt roads.

Work in winter.

Before negative temperatures occur, the following measures must be performed:

organization of surface drainage;

delivery of insulation materials;

preparation of a site for earthworks with soil loosening and snow retention;

preparation of transport for transportation of concrete.

The following conditions shall be observed during the works:

A. Lay the concrete mixture on the cleaned base;

B. Seal the joints of prefabricated reinforced concrete structures with mortar or concrete with electric heating up to 100% strength;

B. Welding of parts of metal structures from St.3 at a temperature of 30 ° C and low-carbon steels at 20 ° C is prohibited;

D. Plaster works are carried out at positive temperatures with conventional solutions, at negative temperatures with solutions with additives that reduce the freezing temperature of water and harden in the cold;

D. Painting works are performed in heated rooms;

E. Maintenance of laid concrete is carried out by the "thermos" method using concrete hardening accelerators (for foundations).

Design of construction roads.

The design of construction roads as part of the construction plan includes:

- development of traffic flow chart;

- location of roads in plan;

- definition of road parameters;

- establishment of hazardous areas;

-The purpose of road construction.

The traffic diagram should provide access to the area of ​ ​ the installation crane, to vertical vehicles, warehouses, workshops, mechanized installations, household premises. We accept the circular scheme of movement of the intra-building transport.

The following minimum distances, m, shall be observed when tracing is expensive:

- between the road and the storage area - 0.5... 1, 0m;

- between the road and crane tracks - 6,512.5m;

- between the road and the fencing of the construction site - not less than 1.5 m.

The parameters of temporary roads are the number of lanes, the width of the roadway, and the radii of the fillet. We accept single-lane roads with a width of 3.5m, the smallest radius of rounding of roads is 12m.

Construction needs for energy and water.

For the construction period it is envisaged:

- water supply from existing networks;

- heating of temporary buildings and structures from electrical networks;

-electricity from existing transformer substation.

Site Construction Schedule.

The schedule in construction is the main planning document, in which, based on the scope of construction and installation work and the adopted organizational and technological decisions, the sequence and timing of construction implementation are determined.

In accordance with the construction schedule, support schedules are developed - schedules for the need for work personnel and material and technical resources.

The structure, composition and level of detail of the schedule depend on the purpose of the documentation, which includes the schedule.

The work schedule for the object in the form of a line schedule is used to determine the sequence and timing of civil and special works performed during the construction of the object.

The site schedule is based on the labor cost sheet.

Job Instruction for Installation of Metal Rafter Trusses by Tower Cranes.

Scope.

The process map was developed for the station building with a grid of columns 36x6m with a pitch of rafter trusses 6m.

The weight of rafter farms is 6.8t;

The weight of the coating plates is 2.67t.

Object estimate for the construction of the railway station

Common part.

To determine the estimated cost of construction of objects and structures, an object estimate is being developed. The development is based on local estimates for individual types of work and costs, as well as limited costs:

- costs of temporary buildings and structures;

- winter increase in the cost of work;

- amount of reserve for unforeseen works and costs.

For all types of limited costs, normative labor intensity and wages are calculated. List of object estimate works is given in [20 Annex 8].

In order to reduce the amount of estimated documentation, it is possible to use the estimated consolidated indicators of the estimated cost by 1 m ³ of the volume of the building and structure. The consolidated cost indicators are given in [20 Annex 8], correction factors given in [20 Annex 9] are introduced to link the consolidated indicators to the place (area) of construction. After the introduction of the correction, the unit cost figures are recorded in column 12 of the object estimate. [20 Annex 8] also shows the indicators of NRMS, normative labor intensity and estimated wages by type of work per 1 m ³ of the building volume. By multiplying the unit cost by the building volume, the estimated cost of work is calculated. In the same way, using indicators [20 Ap.8], normative labour intensity and estimated wages are calculated.