PK-14 Boiler Boiler Design Course

Contents

CONTENTS

Introduction

1 Fuel calculation

1.1 Boiler thermal diagram

1.2 Liquid Fuel Characteristics

1.3 Excess air and gas duct suction

1.4 Characteristics of combustion products in heating surfaces

1.5 Enthalpy of combustion products

1.6 Chart H-υ

1.7 Boiler heat balance

2 Calculation of boiler main elements

2.1 Sketch of furnace chamber

2.2 Geometric characteristics of the furnace chamber

2.3 Verification calculation of the furnace chamber

3 Calculation of injection steam coolers

4 Thermal structural design of stage I economizer

4.1 Sketch of stage I economizer

4.2 Geometric characteristics of stage I economizer

4.3 Thermal structural calculation of the I stage economizer

Conclusion

List of sources used

Appendix A-Longitudinal section of boiler

Appendix B - 3-D model of inertial dust separator

Introduction

Description of steam boiler PK14.

The U-shaped boiler arrangement is the most common. In the lifting gas duct of the boiler there is a furnace chamber, the lowering gas duct is called a convective shaft. They are connected by a horizontal gas duct and form a U-shaped movement of gases in the boiler. Horizontal gas duct and convective shaft is filled with receiving heating surfaces. The advantage of this arrangement is that the supply of hot air fuel and the exhaust of gases are carried out in the lower part of the boiler, which is convenient for removing slag from the furnace and organizing the cleaning of convective heating surfaces. Traction machines in this case are installed at zero elevation, which excludes vibration loads on the boiler frame.

The disadvantages of such an arrangement are determined by the reversal of gases at the entrance to the convective shaft, which results in an uneven distribution of the ash particles over the section .

The air heater operates in the conditions of the lowest temperature head between the heating combustion products and the heated air: here the lowest heat transfer coefficient. Therefore, its heating surface of all elements of the waterway path and for a boiler of a powerful unit reaches tens and hundreds of thousands of square meters.

Coil economizers, performed like superheaters with horizontal coils, are the main type of economizers, and they are used at any pressure. To intensify heat exchange and reduce contamination, the economizer coil is made of pipes of small diameter (outer diameter 32 mm with wall thickness 3.5 mm), close staggered arrangement of pipes in a bundle is used. When cross-washing with gases and in some cases, the design speeds of gases are increased. Ends of coils, as in other heating surfaces, are combined with inlet and outlet headers taken out of gas heating area. Coils are connected to collectors by welding.

The drum is not washed with flue gases. The inner diameter is 1500 mm, and the thickness of its walls is 88 mm. In the drum there are two evaporation stages, as well as all separation devices, there is a third evaporation stage - a remote cyclone of steel 20.

Slag removal method is liquid. Boiler frame with independent foundation consisting of I-beams, channels and corners.

The drum, manifolds and pipelines, located outside the boiler, are covered with thermal insulation. The ceiling is covered with shield coating. In the convective shaft, shot blasting is used.

Conclusion

In this course design, the thermal calculation of the drum type steam boiler PK14 was made. During the work, the efficiency of the PK14 boiler, the volumes and enthalpies of flue gases and air were determined, the span thermal calculation of the furnace chamber and the structural thermal calculation of the stage I economizer were carried out. Sketches of the stage I economizer furnace were made at a scale of 1:50. Steam cooler types are calculated and selected. Design of boiler unit in longitudinal and transverse sections is considered.

The main conclusions on the calculation of the boiler.

As a result of the structural thermal calculation of the economizer, changes in the design are required, since the non-binding is ∆Q=10,95%, it is necessary to reduce the heating surface of the economizer.

The required geometric characteristics of the furnace of the PK14 boiler at the IrshaBorodinsky 2B coal of brown coal coincide with the geometric characteristics of the furnace according to the drawing.

He also completed a 3D model of an inertial dust separator, reviewed and studied all the details of this project and attached it

A skill was gained in designing the main boiler equipment of the power plant and the ability to work with boiler drawings and technical and reference literature, to sketch heating surfaces.