One-story industrial building. Course project on architecture - ABK

Contents

1. Source Data

2. Space-planning solution of industrial building

3. Constructive solution

4. Solution of horizontal and vertical fit of the building on the site

5. Technical support of the building

6. Application

7. Specification of prefabricated railway elements

8. List of literature used

2. Space-planning solution of industrial building

2.1 General characteristic

The designed one-story industrial building has three parallel spans and one perpendicular to the name. In three spans there is a construction of bridge cranes. Three parallel spans have a plan dimension of 72x60 m, and the fourth perpendicular to them - 30x60 m. Along the lines of height difference, i.e. in axes D-E and 8-9, temperature joints with a width of 600 mm are provided.

2.2 Characteristics of planning solution of each span.

The first span is located in axes I-E and 17, extreme location. The pitch of the columns is 12 m. The length of the span in the axes is 60 m, the width is 12 m, the height is 9.6 m. Entry is provided in the axes of the EU, the width of the gate is 4.72 m, the height is 4.8 m.

The second span is located in axes B-D and 17, middle position. The pitch of the columns is 12 m. The length of the span in the axes is 60 m, the width is 24 m, the height is 12 m. In this span there is a bridge crane with a lifting capacity of 10 tons. Entry is provided in the axes of the State Duma, the width of the gate is 4.72 m, the height is 4.8 m. The third span is located in the axes A-B and 17, the extreme location. The pitch of the columns is 12 m. The length of the span in the axes is 60 m, the width is 24 m, the height is 12 m. In this span there is a bridge crane with a lifting capacity of 30 tons. Entry is provided in the axes of the BV, the width of the gate is 4.72 m, the height is 4.8 m. The fourth span is located in the axes A-J and 89, the extreme location. The pitch of the columns is 12 m. The span length in the axes is 60 m, the width is 30 m, the height is 15.6 m. In this span there is one bridge crane with a lifting capacity of 20 tons. Entry is provided in the axes 8-9 on both sides of the span, the width of the gate is 4.72 m, the height is 4.8 m.

2.3 Natural lighting and aeration of the building

The nature of the lighting is lateral, upper. One tier of glazing, in the middle and extreme span there are lights. Windows with steel bindings double opening. Natural aeration of the room is carried out through windows, through lights.

2.4 Drainage Solution

In the designed industrial building in one span in axes E-I, reinforced concrete beams are used for a low-slope roof with a span of 12 m, in axes AB, B-D - a rafter truss with a span of 24 m, in the fourth span in axes 8-9 - steel rafter trusses with a span of 30 m.

In the building of the workshop, a soft roof of H-layers of hydraulic glass is provided, rigid mineral wool plates with a thickness of 100mm are used as insulation.

The drainage from the roof is designed internally using water intake funnels with a diameter of 150mm.

2.5 Fire fighting measures

Degree of responsibility of building II, degree of fire resistance II. Category on explosion hazard and fire hazard: category A. Functional class of fire hazard F 5.1.

Evacuation from the industrial building is carried out through all gates. The distance from the most remote workplace to the evacuation exit is assumed depending on the fire hazard category 42 m.

2.6 Availability of ABK

ABK, having two floors with a size of 36x18 m (according to the calculation of housings), is located in relation to the production building at a distance of 30 m. The type of transition from the ABK to the production building is underground .

Calculation of the composition of domestic premises is performed in accordance with SNiP 2.09.0487 * "Administrative and residential premises."

The administrative building consists of the main and special premises.

The main ones include: dressing room, washroom, bathroom, smoking room, recreation rooms (the presence of which is mandatory as part of the ABK).

Special ones include: showers, foot baths, half-chokes, decontamination rooms, etc., the composition of which is assigned from the group of items (production process).

Based on the SNiPa position, I determine the areas of the main and special rooms for the group of items 2B.

The total number of workers in workshop 386, which are distributed according to shifts:

I shift: 180 people, of which 30 are women;

II shift: 140 people, of which 20 are women;

III shift: 100 people, of which 20 are women.

The total number of working women is 70, men - 350 people.

The busiest is the first shift: 180 people (150 men and 30 women).

For the group, items 2B ABK is designed as a separate building.

3. Constructive solution

3.1 Characteristics of the structural solution of the building as a whole.

In most cases, the structures of single-story industrial buildings are solved in a frame scheme. Frame systems are most rational with significant static and dynamic loads characteristic of industrial buildings, and significant sizes of overlapped spans. The building is made in full frame, using prefabricated unified elements of factory manufacture. Building of prefabricated reinforced concrete frame, solved according to the frame-link system. The stability of the frame in the transverse direction is ensured by the rigidity of the transverse frames (posts rigidly embedded in the foundations, and girders (trusses); in the longitudinal direction - by steel links installed in one of the middle steps of the columns (between axes 4-5 - A, B, D, E, G;) buildings, in each longitudinal row. The transverse temperature joints of the heated building are installed in 72 m along the length of the building. Longitudinal temperature joints are aligned with height difference of spans of one direction. The production building is a single layout block composed of three blocked longitudinal sections and adjacent to them at the end of the transverse one, which, along with the use of an enlarged grid of columns, not only saves the territory of the production building, but also allows you to take into account the modernization of production technology and minimize intra-plant traffic flows, reduces the cost and construction time, the length of communications.

3.2 Brief description of the main frame elements.

3.2.1 Foundations.

Typical monolithic reinforced concrete foundations consisting of a sub-column and a slab part are used in the project. The nozzle for branches of the two-branch column is accepted as combined. The bottom of the cup is located 50 mm lower than the design elevation of the bottom of the column so that after the foundation is broken down by graveling the mud of cement mortar to compensate for losses and inaccuracies in the size of the foundations.

The foundations are designed with an elevation of the top of the sub-column at the level of the planning elevation of the ground - 0.150.

3.2.2 Columns.

According to the position in the building, the columns are divided into extreme and medium. Wall fences adjoin extreme columns from outside. The extreme columns, in turn, are divided into the main ones, which accept loads from walls, cranes and coating structures, and fawnwork, which serve only for fixing walls. The design uses solid columns with a size of 800x500mm and two-branch columns with a size of 1300x500. Embedded elements anchored in concrete or welded to fix the position to the working reinforcement are available in all columns at the resting points of rafters and crane beams, in extreme columns - at the level of wall panel seams, in connecting columns - at the junction points of longitudinal links. Embedded steel tubes d 5070 mm form the holes used for slinging during fracturing and installation. Embedded elements in places of support of crane beams and rafters consist of steel sheet with anchor bolts passed through it. Concrete under them is reinforced by indirect reinforcement of the grid. With steel trusses and crane beams, the support embedded elements are slightly modified - the sheet is reinforced by a plate designed for the concentrated pressure of the support ribs, and the arrangement of anchor bolts changes. To connect to the foundation, the column is brought into the sleeve to a depth of 0.85 m with a rectangular section and up to 1.20 m with a two-branch one. Within these limits, the column shaft is provided with horizontal grooves to communicate with the grouting concrete. In two-branch columns, the lower spacer 0.2 m high, brought into the barrel, has holes 0.2x0.2 m used in concreting the joint.

3.2.3 Rafter trusses.

The truss is a composite rod structure, loaded only in connecting rods units. The node load causes unambiguous normal stresses in the rods and allows their cross section to be fully used. The pitch of the rafters is 12 m. They are installed on columns. The structure of the trusses allows the device of coatings from plates 3 m wide. The trusses have a segment shape, a horizontal lower and a broken upper belt. The section of all elements is rectangular, the belts have the same width. The height of the support unit is 900 mm. Rafter trusses have prestressed lower belt. Trusses are equipped with embedded elements for fixing plates, columns, links, skates.

Steel trusses: the truss is a through (lattice) bearing structure formed of separate steel rods connected in units by welding using 814 mm thick chamfers. The truss rods are formed from paired rolling angles installed with a gap determined by the thickness of the profiles. Trusses have a slope of the upper belt of 1.5%, a height of 3300 mm, a distance between nodes of 3 m.

3.2.4 Crane beams.

Reinforced concrete crane beams are used in spans of 24 m and 30 m with a column pitch of 12 m. I-beam with a vertical wall thickened on supports with a height of 1.4 m. They are reinforced with welded frames, and along the lower belt - one of three types of prestressed steel: reinforced by drawing rods of a periodic profile, a package of strings from high-strength wire of a periodic profile and strands twisted from high-strength wire. Beams are formed from concrete of grade 300500. The plane of the top face, which is then the base for the elastic platform. In place in the building, the beams are divided into end faces - at the end walls, row and temperature - at the deformation joints. They differ from each other in the presence and arrangement of embedded elements. Embedded plates are installed in places of support on columns, installation of end stops, tubes - in holes for attachment of rails and trolls. The beam is attached to the column on anchor bolts passed through the support sheet, previously welded to the lower embedded plate, and to the column neck - by welding the vertical sheet to the embedded plates. Bolted connections are brewed after straightening. The rail in the form of a welded raft for the length of the temperature compartment is laid on an elastic gasket made of rubberized fabric with a thickness of 810 mm and is fixed with paired legs on screwed bolts. The joint of the rails above the deformation seam is crimped with steel linings of the shaped profile. Steel end stops are installed on the end beams, which insure the building in case of automatic brakes failure. They are made of I-beams with a buffer of bar. Steel crane beams are used in span 30m.

3.2.5 Communications

Inter-column vertical links are located in the middle step of the temperature unit within the height of the crane part of the columns. The project uses a portal communication scheme. Tie rods are constructed from paired rolling profiles connected by straps and subassemblies. Embedded elements in reinforced concrete elements are bolted and welded.

3.2.6 Walls of industrial building

Panels are provided for the construction of walls of heated frame industrial buildings with column spacing of 12 m. Insulated panels have been developed three-layer (see annex 2) with a nominal length of 6, 12 m. Panels are made in the form of ceramic concrete slabs with a nominal height of 1.2 and 1.8 m. Jumper panels and basement panels do not differ in geometric dimensions from row panels, but have other reinforcement and other embedded parts. For end walls, 6 m long panels are provided. Corners of non-insulated walls are always formed using corner blocks, and insert blocks are made for inserts between layout axes. Panels 6 m long are fully reinforced with flat welded frames and grids.

3.2.7 Organization of coating structures

The project used an attic-free coating with the use of reinforced concrete ribbed slabs measuring 12x3 m. The roof has a roll waterproofing of Sx layers of watercolor on bitumen mastic with a device for a protective layer of gravel flooded into bitumen mastic. The building has an internal drainage by means of catchment funnels.

In three adjacent spans, since the pitch of the bearing structures of the coating is 12 m, ribbed reinforced concrete slabs of 12x3 m are used in them. These slabs have two supporting ribs with a height of 450 mm and transverse ribs of a smaller height with a pitch of 1.5 m. The slab shelf between the ribs is 30 mm. Form

external surface of longitudinal rib provides formation of 30 mm wide seam between adjacent slabs filled with cement mortar. With a larger width of the seam, which in the coating along the segment trusses can reach 200 mm, transverse bars are placed on the outer protrusions of the longitudinal ribs, and longitudinal boards are laid on the bars, forming a formwork for laying cement mortar. To pass through the ventilation coating, plates with round holes are provided.

3.2.8 Other structures Windows, gates, ramps, floors

Based on the production conditions for glazing light openings, glazing with spacers is provided. Windows: double with steel opening bindings. The width of the window openings is 4800, the height of one tier is 1200 or 1800. Opening of flaps is performed outside and inside. Bindings are welded from hot-rolled rolled steel.

Gate webs are suspended from upper guide secured to gate frame on two running rollers. Vertical position of webs is fixed by lower guide. The gate is equipped with a mechanical drive, a set of devices for manual opening. Emergency switches of mechanical drive de-energize the system at ingress of foreign body between webs and at opening of gate. Gates accepted in the building 4.72x4.8 At the exit from each span are provided

ramps with slope 1 ^ 8 and plan size 4, 5x4.72.

The floor coating in the workshop is accepted as asphalt concrete 40 mm thick for concrete preparation 100 mm, laid on a ground base sealed with crushed stone. At the point where the railway line passes, concrete slabs are laid in the space between the rails level with the level of the heads of the rail track. In areas of high temperature emission of aggressive vapors and systematic ingress of oil products to the floor, asphalt concrete paving is provided for paving with cast iron slabs or paving.

Insert design, thermal seam design.

The construction of the inserts is brick, adopted according to the calculation (see annex 1) 600 mm. Temperature joints are also made of brick.

4. Solving Master Plan Elements

4.1 Section relief analysis.

According to the assignment, the building is built on a kosogorny area of ​ ​ 200x200m with a difference

elevations at the construction site of 4 m. Around the building there is a secondary bypass road (located around the building), a transition to the ABK. The width of the carriageway is 6 m, with entry and exit to each section of the building. The slope is directed from southeast to northwest .

Provision of slopes close to natural slopes of the terrain allows drainage from the building along the roadways, sidewalks and the green zone and does not cause erosion processes.

4.2. Defining On-Site Driveways Based on Relief Type

The type of relief is a slash.. ABK is located next to the transverse span with the orientation of the longitudinal axis west-east. Entry to the industrial site is carried out from the lowest mark -. Width of internal driveways -6 m; the width of departures from the workshops is 4.5 m. Rounding radii at the main roads are accepted - 9 m; departures from workshops - 6 m.

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