Nursery-kindergarten in Penza - coursework

Contents

1. Master Plan

2. Space-planning solutions

3. Architectural and artistic solution of the building

4. Design Solutions

5. Applications

6. List of literature

Source Data

The construction area of Penza belongs to II In the climatic zone, the humidity zone is normal. The kindergarten building belongs to the class of capital buildings.

Characteristics of the building :

- building class II ,

- durability degree II,

- fire resistance degree II,

- responsibility class of building I.

Design outside air temperature of the coldest five-day period tx5 = 32 ° С. Design temperature of internal air of group premises of tv preschool institution = 21 °C .

The depth of freezing of soils in the Penza region is

1.45 m.

Soils of the construction site: soft-plastic loam, refractory clay, dusty sands. Groundwater level at a depth of -12.5 m from the surface of the earth.

Absolute elevation equal to 123.3 is taken as elevation 0.000.

Master Plan

The territory of construction of a kindergarten is located in Penza. The site of children's institutions is designed taking into account the requirements for the composition and areas of the elements of the site, their relationship, landscaping and good design.

Common and group sites are equipped with equipment for games and classes according to the size and recruitment according to the age of children.

An obligatory element of each group site is a canopy. Between the overlap and the canopy fence, space is left for constant air circulation. Canopies are placed on the border of the site among the greenery, which serves as protection against wind, and on hot summer days from overheating.

Sandboxes and small reservoirs in the form of concrete bowls are arranged on each group site, which are placed in the shade of trees and shrubs.

The main playing equipment for the sites include foresters, portable rockers, swings, balancers, Swedish walls, slides for rolling, as well as various models in the form of ships, buses, cars. In addition, sculptures of animals and heroes of fairy tales are located here.

Stationary and portable benches are provided for children to rest on the site.

In addition to group sites on the territory of the children's institution, a physical education platform is provided for running competitions, jumping, as well as various holidays and other events.

Landscaping a section of a preschool is the most radical means of providing favorable sanitary and hygienic conditions: insolation and protection from overheating, wind and noise protection, a healthy microclimate, which is why its area is more than half the area of ​ ​ the building site.

Trees, shrubs, lawns, flower beds are used for landscaping. When creating dividing strips between group sites, ordinary planting of fast-growing trees of deciduous and coniferous species and shrubs is used. The distance between the trees is accepted less than 4 m.

Flowers are planted around the perimeter of the building in flower beds. Not far from the entrance to the kindergarten is a picturesque alpine slide .

The main cover of the sites is grass, and the tracks are slabs of natural stone. The sports ground, with the exception of the treadmill and jumping ground, is sown with grass. The farm yard, sites for garbage collectors and driveways have artificial cover. Walking paths are covered with slabs.

A section of a children's preschool institution is fenced with a fence 1.6 m high. The fence is decorated with curly greenery.

There are driveways for the passage of a fire engine and a food engine, as well as sidewalk paths.

Integrated solution of preschool institution

One of the conditions of a space-planning solution is communication with neighboring rooms, which is carried out using vertical and horizontal communications.

The volume and planning decision of the buildings of preschool institutions is made taking into account the peculiarities of their functional purpose, capacity, as well as climatic and other local conditions. The space planning structure is dictated by the need to ensure isolation of group cells from each other and provide for internal communication between cells, common premises for children and administrative and economic premises.

The children's institution is designed with a certain, strictly regulated composition of premises, in compliance with the requirements for the layout of the building. The location and areas of the premises meet the hygienic and pedagogical requirements for their relationship both among themselves and in the building as a whole.

The children's preschool has the following facilities:

Group cells (for each group of children);

- halls for music and gymnastics;

- Medical office and isolation unit;

- administrative offices (office of the factory manager, office of the head);

- domestic premises;

- food unit;

- various pantries;

- bathrooms for personnel.

The principles of spatial solution of the main premises of preschool institutions are as follows:

- For proper organization of educational and working processes, each room must be divided in accordance with the main working processes into certain functional areas equipped with appropriate furniture;

- The areas of the individual functional zones shall correspond to the physiological structure of the child's and adult's body;

- The placement of furniture should ensure the convenience of approach and use;

- sequence of functional zones arrangement must correspond to the sequence of working processes taking place in it;

- the shortest connections between furniture and equipment shall be provided within each functional area.

When designing, the structure of the building is solved in such a way that on the first floor there are group cells for younger groups, a catering unit, medical and household premises, and on the second and third floors there is a group cell for the older group, a hall for music and gymnastics classes.

Office premises are located near the office entrance to the building and the hall to provide convenient connections with other groups of premises.

Common premises are used periodically by children of all groups. This includes medical facilities, a hall for music and gymnastics.

For each group of children, there are a number of rooms that form a group cell, which includes: a undress room, a group room, a bedroom, a buffet room, a toilet, a veranda and a living corner. Group cell rooms are designed so that the relationship of all rooms is based on the central location of the group or playing room, which are functionally associated with the undress or reception room, bedroom, toilet and buffet.

Architectural and artistic solution of the building

The architectural and artistic solution of the interiors of kindergartens is closely connected with the pedagogical and hygienic requirements for educational work. Of great importance for group cells are the interior solution, used color combinations of walls, equipment, toys, etc.

The color solution of the premises of kindergartens is based on the task of creating a single color composition of the entire building from isolated spaces, taking into account the functional relationship of the premises. The emotional influence of color determines its use.

The color solution of group, playing-head, bedrooms is a harmonious combination of low-saturated colors of nuance combinations. The walls in these rooms are painted in full height - from floor to ceiling - in light tones of yellowish and greenish shades. The color of the walls should be a calm tone for furniture, floor, decor. Bright colors are used in the design of these rooms in the form of small inserts. These are colorful colored toys, children's drawings, landscaping elements. Of great importance is the compactness of furniture, the ability to store it. Built-in furniture is the best way to use space. The furniture of a golden tone made of wood, plywood or veneer harmonizes well with the calm coloring of the walls and is the background for bright toys. For curtains, light light smooth fabrics are used that create a sunny feel. Floor is a light color with a selection with a graphical selection of individual zones.

Bright, saturated colors are used to paint rooms with a short stay of children (undress, reception, communications).

The halls of public use of preschool institutions should bear the features of artistic individuality. To this end, they are appropriate to use special means of artistic expressiveness, including elements of monumental and decorative art, as well as the use of interchangeable elements of artistic transformation of the environment (all-possible curtains, screens, etc.).

Constructive solution

The structural diagram of the building is according to the 1.020 series. The building frame includes reinforced concrete rectangular columns, prefabricated floors, prefabricated wall panels made of light concrete.

The load-bearing structures of the building are reinforced concrete columns installed with a pitch of 9x9 m. These columns bear a load from the weight of the coating and time loads.

The spatial rigidity of the building frame is ensured by the joint work of columns, girders, floor slabs and a stiffening diaphragm (since the pitch of the columns is 9x9 m).

Bases

Separate foundations for columns according to the 1.0201/83111.0.0 series are designed for the kindergarten building. Depth of laying 2.750 m.

Walls and Partitions

External walls are represented by wall panels according to the series 1.0201/83 from light concrete thickness of 350 mm. Insulation - polystyrene foam .

The main part of the partitions is made of brick 120 mm thick.

Doors and windows

In this course design, the dimensions of doors and windows are accepted according to GOST on doors and windows for residential buildings. Doors are used as single-floor, as well as double-floor, open doors .

Floors

Floors in preschool educational institutions must meet the requirements of hygienicity, noiselessness, convenience of cleaning. The top covering of the floors is as follows: in bathrooms, a catering unit and on staircases - ceramic tiles. In cells for groups of children - linoleum. In bathrooms, technical rooms, the walls and ceiling are painted with water dispersion paint, and in wet rooms - ceramic tiles are used.

The positive aspects of these sexes are their hygienicity and noiselessness.

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