Multi-storey residential building on the street. Blucher in Yekaterinburg - diploma

Contents

1. Introduction

2. Architectural part

3. Design and structural part

4. Foundations and foundations

5. Comparison of variants

6. Technology and organization of construction

7. Safety precautions

8. Estimated calculations

9. List of literature

Introduction

The theme of the graduation project is an 8mi, 10-story residential building in the city of Yekaterinburg on the street. Blucher.

Absolute elevations of the site surface are 292.93294.81m

Geologically, the site consists of bulk soil, loam, wood soil and mainly the soil of tuffs of porphyrites

On the basis of engineering and geological surveys on the site, the base of the foundations is weathered porphyrite,

For the relative elevation of 0.000, the level of the top of the floor slab of the 1st floor corresponding to the elevation of 295.1 m is taken

Bearing structures of the designed building are made of monolithic reinforced concrete. Stability and rigidity are ensured by rigid conjugation of monolithic floors and walls. Non-bearing external walls in building are made of small-piece elements with layer of insulation.

Determination of construction duration.

According to SNiP 1.04.03 -85 * "Standards for the duration of construction and backlog in the construction of enterprises, buildings and structures," the normative duration of construction of a 10-story residential building with a total area of ​ ​ 4745.8 m2 is 14 months, including the preparatory period of -1 months.

Definition of the scope of work

The construction schedule includes the work of the preparatory and main construction periods containing four technological complexes of work: the preparatory period, the underground part, the above-ground part, and the finishing work.

The work of the preparatory period includes:

▪ construction of off-site access roads,

▪ vertical layout of the territory,

▪ fencing of the site,

▪ creation of geodetic control network,

▪ laying of temporary power supply, water supply and sewerage networks,

▪ installation of temporary inventory buildings,

▪ creation of a warehouse,

▪ turn of sewage networks, heating mains, communications, LEP04,

▪ TP construction.

The complex of works of the "underground part" stage includes:

▫ development of pit and trenches,

▫ arrangement of slotted foundations,

▫ erection of structures of the underground part of the building,

▫ waterproofing device,

▫ arrangement of underground utilities inputs,

▫ backfilling of pit and trenches.

The following works are performed in the building under construction as part of the "above-ground part" stage:

▫ installation of building structures with associated insulation works,

▫ masonry of walls with facing bricks,

▫ roll roof arrangement,

▫ densities: filling of window and door openings with blocks, installation of sill boards,

▫ window glazing,

▫ sanitary works: installation of heating systems, risers and pipelines of water supply, sewerage,

▫ electrical works: laying of hidden wiring, installation of electrical panels, low-current works.

▫ installation of elevators,

▫ Construction of attached premises and underground garage.

▫ arrangement of smoke removal and fire extinguishing systems.

As part of the complex "finishing work" on the building:

▫ plaster works: plastering of brick walls, sealing of holes in places of pipelines passage, rubbing of non-smooth surfaces of prefabricated elements, treatment of adjoining places of elements;

▫ lining of wall surfaces with ceramic tiles, natural stone,

▫ arrangement of monolithic finishing coatings: cement ties for floors, clean cement floors,

▫ arrangement of tile floors made of ceramic and concrete tiles,

▫ carpentry: parquet floor design,

▫ glazing of doors,

▫ arrangement of linoleum floors on the finished base;

▫ sanitary works: installation of faience products, valves, washing of systems;

▫ painting works: lime paint, glue., emulsion and oil compositions, coating with floor varnish;

▫ lining with wallpaper walls;

▫ electrical installation works: installation of electric valves and instruments, electric plates.

Outside the building, landscaping and landscaping are carried out.

Methods of works execution

Earthworks.

Prior to the start of excavation works in the locations of the existing underground communications, measures for safe working conditions are developed and agreed with the organizations operating these communications, and the location of underground communications on the ground is indicated by the corresponding signs or inscriptions

Excavation work in the area of the existing underground communications is carried out under the direct supervision of the foreman or foreman, and in the protective area of ​ ​ cables under voltage, in addition, under the supervision of employees of the electric utility.

Earthworks are performed in accordance with SNiP 3.02.0187 "Earthworks." Excavation works are carried out in winter, therefore, in accordance with SNiP 3-8-85, the following measures are provided for to protect the soil from freezing:

- plowing of soil with subsequent harrowing, retention of snow cover or salinization of soil, and in the rest of the period - deep mechanical loosening and insulation of soil with heat-insulating material,

- soil of trench pit bases is protected from freezing by means of damage, and soil developed by excavator into dump is covered with insulation (4060 cm thick layer of sawdust)

The foundations shall be cleaned immediately before the foundations are erected.

The planning of the territory is carried out by bulldozer D-217A:

power 79 kW,

length of the dump is 3.03 m,

dump height 1.1 m,

tractor grade T100,

the type of dump is non-rotating.

The removed vegetal soil is exported by car dump trucks to a dump at a distance of 15 km.

The excavation of the pit soil is carried out by grips using single-bucket excavators EO4121, equipped with a reverse shovel of the tank. ladle 1m3 with loading of soil into dump trucks and transportation to places as directed by the customer

Excavator EO 5121 reverse shovel:

74 kW power,

bucket capacity is 1 m3,

the greatest digging depth is 9.4 m,

the largest unloading radius is 12.2 m.

Refinement of the bottom is carried out by the same excavator using a removable stripping ladle.

The soil used for backfilling is developed in the dump, the rest - with loading into car dump trucks and transportation for 15 km to the dump.

Backfill shall be performed after completion of zero cycle works and signing of concealed works certificate.

Backfilling of trenches and bosoms of the base is made by the excavator the scheduler of EO2131A (59 kW) with layer-by-layer consolidation of soil pneumatic tamper of SP-62:

basic excavator EO4121B,

plate dimensions 0.8 × 0.8 m,

impact energy 8826 J,

weight 2 t,

excavator power 95 kW.

Installation of slotted foundations

Construction of monolithic slotted foundations is performed using guide collars without application of clay solution

After the development of the pioneer pit to the design elevation, the contours of the ribbon slit foundations are broken. For this purpose plumbs are fixed on wires stretched along longitudinal and transverse axes of building. After the foundation contour is checked and fixed, a monolithic collar is arranged, which remains in the ground and is used as a permanent element of the foundation. Then the trench is developed by the excavator EO 4121. Development is carried out through a slot in the collar platform. After soil development, armocarkas are installed and fixed in the trench. Concreting is performed using SB126B automatic concrete pump

Capacity - 65 m3/h

Range of concrete mixture supply along the contour 80 m

Concrete mixture is compacted with depth vibrators IV-66:

diameter of the working part 420 mm,

power 0.6 kW.

Insulation works

Waterproofing of the underground part is carried out by the DS-39A autohudronator:

base car ZIL130 (ZIL 130 V-1),

tank capacity 3500 (6000) l,

feed length and distribution width 10 and 3.8 (4) m,

area of the treated surface with one parking lot 20 × 2

(width × height) m,

the power of the base car is 110 kW.

Stone works

The construction of external walls is carried out independently after the construction of structural structures - walls and slabs. Masonry is performed starting from the upper floor and is carried out floor by floor down.

Masonry of external and internal walls is carried out after concrete sets of slabs of design strength. First, the contours of future walls are marked on the slab surface. After the marking, the masonry of the walls begins.

External walls are erected in the following sequence: they erect the outside to the height of the floor (brickwork of 0.5 bricks), then 1 row of BGM blocks from the inside. After that, plate insulation is laid between them, waterproofing is arranged (1 layer of polyethylene film on 1M60 glue), inner part of wall (BGM units) is lifted to the same height and flexible fiberglass bonds are laid. Then the outside is raised again, etc. Walls with height > 1.5 m are laid from portable platforms (floor width 2m).

To move bricks and BGM blocks inside the building, manual

Roofing works

Roofing works are carried out in the summer. Before starting work, the surface of the plate must be cleaned by KU405A sweeping machine (1.1kW). The roofing is started by laying vapor insulation - one layer of bicrost on the mastic. A slab insulation is laid on it and filled with expanded clay gravel with a slope device towards the catchment funnels. After the insulation device, a cement-sand brace is arranged. Braces are broken by temperature shrinkage sutures into squares of not more than 6 x 6 m in size. To form such joints, wooden racks with a thickness of 10 mm are laid during the strapping device, which are then removed.

The roll carpet is glued in layers: first, the first layer throughout the area, then, after checking and receiving it, the second layer. When arranging roll roofs, the abutment of the roll carpet to separate exhaust shafts, TV antenna racks, as well as abutments to walls, leads and water intake funnels should be especially carefully glued. For this purpose, the roll material is prepared in advance in a suitable size. The adhesive is made with additional layers above the main roof carpet.

By production of roofing works we use CO100A cars (60 kW), CO122 and CO99A (1 kW) for the device of bituminous primer. Bitumen is delivered to the construction site by BV41 bus locomotive based on ZIL-130:

tank capacity 4000l,

the power of the base car is 110 kW.

For the device of the built-up roof we use a manual torch of OTC005 complete with CO12A and CO-7A:

capacity 150 m2/h

weight 29 kg,

power 4 kW.

Cement-sand mortar for bracing is delivered to the roof by CO126 machine (7.5 kW). Consolidation is made by CO131A vibrolath (0.26 kW). In hard-to-reach spots for consolidation use PG2 pnevmovibrogladilka + SShch7A (4.5 kW)

Containers, machines, mechanisms and materials are supplied to the roof by KB403 crane.

Finishing works

During finishing works refer to SNiP 3.04.0187 "Insulation and finishing coatings."

Internal finishing work in residential buildings in winter conditions is carried out with the presence of permanent heating and ventilation systems. To do this, it is planned that all previous work in the building and inside the site will be carried out before the winter cold and by the time the finishing work begins, heat will be released.

At low external temperatures in the rooms to be finished for two days before the start of finishing work, the temperature shall be maintained around the clock at least plus ten degrees at a relative humidity of not more than 70%. After completion of finishing works this temperature shall be maintained for at least 12 days, and after completion of wallpaper works - permanently.

Painting works are performed on all floors simultaneously with a breakdown of two floors. The first stage of painting work includes covering and painting of ceilings, external slopes of windows, preparation for lining with wallpaper and painting of walls and carpentry. Completion of glue painting of ceilings opens the front for performance of adjacent works. The flooring of the parquet, linoleum with the installation of plinths can be started after the last wet process and in the same way as the painting work is carried out outside the flow. As these works are completed, the front is opened for the second stage of painting work.

At the second stage of painting works, walls are glued with wallpaper and final painting of walls and carpentry is performed. Painting work on staircases is carried out after the completion of work on apartments.. High-quality oil coloring is carried out by CO115 station complete with a kraskonagnetatelny tank of CO12A, a gun the CO71A pneumospray and the CO7A compressor (4.5 kW).

For painting, we use various means of scooping: at a height of up to 4 m - mobile scaffolds, in hard-to-reach places, tables and ladders of a ladder.

For mechanized application of the solution during plastering of the facade, the plaster station PShS4 (34 kW) is used.

High-quality plaster with thickness of 20 mm is made, which consists of a layer of spray, two layers of soil and a layer of cover with leveling of soil along beacons and rubbing of the cover layer with a grater.

After installation of window blocks and balcony doors, glazing works are carried out. Glasses are cut with electric cut ERS-1:

capacity 300 res/h;

power 0.18 kW.

When arranging floors on monolithic floor slabs, insulation slabs (PSBS foam polystyrene) are laid, then steam insulation is arranged - 1 layer of polyethylene film and cement-sand brace. For consolidation of solution we use CO131A vibrolath (0.26 kW), and in hard-to-reach spots - PG2 pnevmovibrogladilka + CO7A (4.5 kW).

The brace is smoothed by the SO-170 machine:

60 m2/h capacity;

power 1.5 kW.

Various coatings are arranged according to the bracing depending on the purpose of the room.

At the device of a parquet floor, after a flooring, make scraping and grinding by CO111A car (3 kW). The treated surface is grated or coated with two layers of lacquer.

In the sun. waterproofing of 1 layer of XPP4 isoplast is arranged in units and bathrooms by bracing, and then ceramic tiles are laid along connecting layer from cement-sand mortar.

Improvement

Improvement of the territory is carried out in winter, therefore asphalt concrete pavements are allowed to be laid only in dry weather on a cleaned and dry base. The air temperature when laying asphalt concrete coatings from hot and cold mixtures should be at least plus five degrees in spring and summer, and in autumn - at least plus ten degrees. The air temperature when laying asphalt concrete coatings from thermal mixtures should not be lower than minus ten degrees.