Low-rise civil building made of small-sized elements

Contents

Introduction

1. Master Plan

2. Space planning solutions

2.1. Technical and economic indicators of the building

3. Design Solutions

3.1 Structural diagram of the building

3.2 Description of main bearing structures

4. Building engineering equipment

5. Architectural and compositional solutions

List of literature

Appendix A

Appendix B

Appendix B

Appendix D

Introduction

In recent years, the interest of the Russian population in low-rise construction has increased significantly, and this happened not only in villages, but also in cities. Previously, manor houses were significantly inferior in comfort to urban apartments, they did not have elementary bathrooms, hot water supply.

Now, with the advent of new construction materials, engineering equipment and financial resources, low-rise construction has been significantly developed and in terms of comfort and architectural expressiveness, they are not inferior, but often superior to urban apartment buildings. World practice shows that many people living in cities seek to move from their apartments to the suburbs in clean air and have their own home.

This is explained by a number of advantages of individual house building: first of all, this is the absence of neighbors - you can break the sound mode, drown and no one will say anything. The presence of the plot is an integral part of such houses, which is of particular importance for people running personal subsidiary farms. The undeniable advantage is freedom of planning, which allows you to build houses in accordance with your lifestyle and occupation. For low-rise construction, local building materials can be used.

There are also drawbacks of low-rise construction: in some cases it can be difficult to bring engineering communications, deliver construction materials, find a suitable site, and the high cost of construction.

But this does not stop people, and they are actively improving their housing conditions with the help of low-rise construction. A house is a microenvironment in which a person has to spend 40100% of his time. Therefore, the main requirements to be met by the building are: functional feasibility; technical feasibility; architectural and artistic expressiveness; economic feasibility. In the house, the way of life of a person is reflected. For comfort, the layout, number, size and proportions of rooms are of great importance. The possibility of their transformation is a modern design requirement.

A compact and cozy house is the dream of every family.

Master Plan

The designed building is part of the microdistrict. The microdistrict is a structural element of residential development, not dissected by main streets and roads within which institutions and daily service enterprises with a service radius of not more than 500 m are located.

The building is designed in the population service system in accordance with the planning of the development of this microdistrict, as well as taking into account the creation of convenient transport communication with the city center and districts.

This building is located in a residential area; according to the norms, it requires the allocation of an independent section of the corresponding area.

In order to achieve good sanitary and hygienic conditions, the following has been achieved:

- arrangement of the building depending on the conditions of solar insulation;

- Correct landscaping in shape and size, protecting against noise and air pollution.

- a site for the disposal of the garbage container is organized.

Provision of the necessary insolation is achieved by the appropriate orientation of the building. The microdistrict is formed from several houses according to a rectangular system. Gaps between buildings are determined depending on the height of buildings and fire safety standards. Near the building are residential buildings kindergarten, school. The streets have lanes 7 m wide. The width of the sidewalk is 1 m.

The draft planning provides for the division of territory into functional zones:

• recreation area (for pleasant rest of the family)

• Common residence area (for business cases)

• green areas (for rest and fresh air saturation)

On the territory of the site there is a flower garden and a lawn. Trees, both deciduous and coniferous, are also planted on the site.

On the home plot there are small architectural forms: a gazebo, a playground with children's swings, a sandbox is also provided. There are additional buildings: a garage, a bath, greenhouses.

Structural solutions of low-rise residential building

3.1. Structural system and layout of the building.

A structural system is an interconnected set of horizontal and vertical structural elements of a building that provide strength, rigidity and stability.

The structural diagram of the building is a variant of the structural system depending on the mutual location in the space of vertical structural structures.

In this design, a curtain wall diagram with cross-location of structural elements

Building engineering equipment

Heating - autonomous boiler house, boiler and diesel boiler.

Ventilation - plenum, with a supply of 30% fresh air. The air cleaner is placed in the box. node and bathroom. The insulated vent riser passes through a cold attic to the roof, above which it builds up to a height of about 1 m to improve traction conditions. At the same time, air conditioners are provided in the house, and an exhaust cabinet is provided in the kitchen.

Water supply - autonomous. The sewage system is autonomous, filtering well. In the building plan, sanitary and technical devices on the floors are installed in such a way as to reduce the number of sewage risers.

Garbage removal is carried out according to the system adopted for city blocks and carried out by municipal municipal services.

The building is connected to the city power grid and uninterrupted power supply. The phone is connected to the city telephone network.

Architectural and compositional solutions

The architectural composition is chosen in accordance with the artistic, functional and structural and technological requirements for the building. The composition of the building, internal spaces, is the construction of rooms, which is based on the unity of functional expediency of each room and their functional connection to each other. The chosen colors of the face brick of the building are heavy from the point of view of psychological perception, they are easily perceived by a person, without producing an overwhelming effect on the psyche. The use of composites helps to achieve expressiveness of the spatial composition.

When designing the building, the following means of harmonizing architectural forms were used:

symmetry - equal parts of the composition are equally located relative to the axis or plane, symmetry enhances the complementarity of the parts and combines the composition;

scale - expressed in comparison of the size of elements (doors, windows) with the size of a person;

proportions - all parts are united, parts are combined, in general, fragments are consistent with each other.

color-Neutralizes and highlights elevation elements.

Maintaining proportionate relationships between individual elements increases the architectural expressiveness of the building.