Job Instruction for Installation of Mast-Tower Structure

Contents

1. Introduction

Source Data

2.Production of installation works

3. Selection of lifting equipment

4. Selection of rigging equipment

5. Lifting equipment, rigging and

mounting devices

6. Calculation of labor costs

7. Technical and economic indicators

8. Conclusion

9. List of literature used

2.production of installation works

2.1. General provisions

1.1. Lifting equipment intended for installation shall be used in accordance with the current "Rules for the construction and safe operation of lifting cranes" * and the requirements of this regulatory document.

1.2. All load-lifting affinities shall be subjected to technical inspection, the load-lifting device is in good condition.

During the examination of rigging facilities, the condition of steel structures, support devices, mechanisms and accessories included in the specified facilities is checked.

1.3. Lifting equipment in operation shall be subject to periodic technical inspection within the following periods:

1.4. Extraordinary full technical examination of lifting equipment shall be carried out after:

its reconstruction or repair;

installation of replaceable boom equipment received from the manufacturer;

overhaul or change of lifting mechanism;

hook change (hook suspension).

1.5. Newly installed lifting devices, as well as their removable load-gripping devices, must be subjected to a full technical examination before starting up.

1.6. The rigging shall be tested in horizontal and vertical (working) positions.

1.7. When the rigging is tested in the vertical position, the test load may be applied in the following ways:

control load;

mounted structure with or without loading;

loaded load polyspasts when fixing the lower block race of the polyspast to the base;

tensioning of cargo polyspasts by means of tensioning devices (polyspasts, braces, etc.).

1.8. Newly installed rigging devices, as well as devices that have been replaced or transferred to another place holding elements (cable-stayed systems, anchors, etc.) that have not been tested, are not allowed to be used for installation.

1.9. During tests, the boundary of the hazardous area is determined by the PPM based on the condition of possible fall of the load and the test vehicle or its elements and is taken equal to 1.5 height of the test vehicle and necessarily passes behind the anchors.

1.10. If the load-lifting affinity moves from place to place without dismantling and long interruptions in the work, its partial examination at each place is carried out, with the exception of lifting equipment installed on the structures of the structures under construction, which are subject to complete technical inspection during each relocation to a new place.

2.2. Preparation of the structure for lifting

2.1. Installation should be carried out in accordance with the Work Execution Project (WDP), the provisions of these norms, the requirements of the main regulatory and technical documents approved in the established manner..

2.2. Erection works shall be performed by specialized erection units (brigades, sections, etc.).

2.3. When selecting lifting equipment and calculating rigging for various lifting schemes, the action of dynamic loads and possible uneven distribution of loads should be taken into account.

2.4 Work on preparation of the equipment for lifting shall be carried out on the installation site.

2.5 Installation of slinging devices for lifting shall be performed above its center of mass not less than 1 m and prevent rotation of the assembly around its longitudinal axis in vertical position.

2.6 Axial turning shall be carried out by means of lifting means, but in compliance with the measures of protection of protruding parts in accordance with the decisions of the PPM.

2.7. Structures of slinging devices for lifting the structure are selected in accordance with GOST .

2.8 Installation of the assembly into the initial position for lifting should be performed in such a way that the axle of the assembly is located in the lifting plane and the need to turn the structure during lifting is excluded.

2.9 For lifting of the assembly by sliding method it is necessary to provide structures of support and attachment of the assembly to trolleys or sleds during its movement.

2.10 It is recommended to install the equipment using the same lifting means with which it will be lifted.

2.3. Technology of structure lifting

Before lifting the structure, regardless of the installation method, it is necessary to:

install slinging devices on the structure and attach the equipment required for lifting;

check operability of the used facility and its mechanisms, as well as compliance of their installation with PPM solutions;

provide facilities for disassembly of the structure after its installation in the design position.

Lifting of the apparatus by the on-off sliding method should be carried out in the following sequence:

1) lay the structure in the initial position for lifting, laying (fixing) the bottom of the structure on the means for movement, and install the systems of dragging and holding;

2) perform a test test from the supports of the upper part of the structure from the supports for 200300 mm with a hold of 1015 minutes, checking the condition of the lifting means and the equipment used;

3) working alternately with lifting means and nudging system, in accordance with the lifting cyclogram, bring the trolley to the stop, the installation of which corresponds to the design position of the structure. In this case, the structure should be in a position close to the position of unstable equilibrium;

4) working with the pulling and braking systems installed before lifting, bring the structure to the vertical position. Special attention should be paid to the transfer of loads from the reaching system to the braking system when transferring the structure through the unstable equilibrium position;

5) attach the structure on the foundation and remove the lifting trolley.

2.4. Installation and alignment of structures on the foundation

4.1. Installation of the structure shall be performed on the verified and cleaned into the foundation.

4.2. Foundation bolts and their parts shall be checked and free screwing of threaded connections shall be ensured. Bushings of foundation bolts and wells for them after inspection shall be closed with plugs.

4.3. When installing a structure depending on the design of its supporting part, the following can be used:

rigid support structures allowing installation of the facility without further reconciliation;

metal liners (wedge or flat), which then remain in the concrete gravy.

adjustment screws;

wedge or screw inventory jacks, if there are conditions for their use.

4.4. The structure can be released from lifting equipment only after final alignment and attachment with foundation bolts.

4.5. Installation of the structure on the foundation should be carried out smoothly, at low speed.

4.6. The installation of the structure should be checked and verified on the foundation, and it is advisable to perform the reconciliation in the morning or afternoon hours in order to obtain the most accurate results of the installation of the structure.

2.5. Safety and technical supervision

5.1. During installation of the structure it is necessary to observe safety rules in accordance with SNiP requirements.

5.2. The installation site of the structure should be marked with clearly visible warning signs, sunsets and inscriptions. The hazardous area shall be protected in accordance with GOST 2340778, control posts and observers shall be placed along its boundary during lifting. The observation deck shall be located outside the hazardous area, shall have fencing and necessary information boards and indicators, for example, installation platform diagram, progress information, etc.

5.3. Before starting the works on lifting the structure, all participants should be instructed on the procedure of work performance and safety, knowledge of their personal duties with the corresponding entry in the training log at the workplace. During installation of unique structures or special complexity of working conditions, lifting rehearsal should be carried out with the necessary actions and teams of its participants.

5.4. The presence in the hazardous area of persons not involved in the preparation and carrying out of installation, as well as the passage of machines and mechanisms not related to installation, is prohibited. Admission to the hazardous area of non-lifting persons shall be carried out only on the basis of the permission of the lifting manager with an entry in the installation work log.

5.5. All participants in the lifting, including workers, engineering and technical workers and the leader of the lifting, must have overalls, a red armband and helmets of conventional colors. At the same time, individual lifting sections should have means of double-sided radiotelephone communication

5.6. In the bridges of the installation of sling devices for lifting the structure, in the absence of design maintenance sites, temporary maintenance sites should be provided in accordance with the decisions of the PPM.

5.7. Measuring instruments used during installation shall be checked in the appropriate order and within the specified time frame..

5.8. Mounting cranes with a lifting capacity of 63 t or more, lifting gear mechanisms with a lifting capacity of 200 t or more must be equipped with flashing beacons of the operating state of the mechanisms (such as those used on special machines).

5.9. The central control and monitoring panel shall be equipped with a switch (button), which disconnects all mechanisms in case of emergency.

5.10. The lifting of the structure should begin with a trial separation from its temporary supports by 200300 mm, at which all mechanisms and lifting means must be inspected within the required time, but not less than 15 minutes, after which the manager gives permission to continue lifting.

5.11. Electrical and medical personnel shall be on duty at the installation site during lifting, and hot power shall be provided to the lifting participants if necessary.

5.12. Installation of structures is allowed to be carried out only in daylight at normal visibility of all elements of lifting facilities and raised structure. Installation works in the evening and at night, as an exception, can be carried out with sufficient lighting of the installation site and only upon written permission of the chief engineer of the installation control. At the same time, the lighting sources should be arranged so that they do not blind the workers and exclude the formation of shadows.

5.13. It is prohibited to perform installation works on lifting of structures at wind speed exceeding 9 m/s, snowfall, rain, etc., if the specified requirements are not tightened in the project of work execution.

5.14. In case of forced stop of lifting, the structure must be protected against possible movements (self-lowering, swinging, etc.) by installing additional braces and retainers.

5.15. During the lifting of the structure and during stops, the operators and the lifting manager shall ensure that the structure and lifting means do not contact each other and do not touch adjacent structures.

5.16. In case of exceptional circumstances requiring to stop the lifting of the structure (onset of darkness, strong wind, power outage, etc.), emergency precautions should be taken: turn on all winch brakes, remove the handles from the winches, turn off the electric power on the electric winches, set warning signs and inscriptions, leave the responsible duty personnel from the lifting participants, etc.

Conclusion

This project is performed in accordance with the discipline course "Technology of erection of special structures."

The project considers the construction and installation processes during the construction of the masts of the tower structure, based on the technological sequence, providing maximum production efficiency and high quality of work.

To increase production efficiency, it is necessary to sharply reduce the use of manual labor, and use the mechanization of work.

Knowledge of theoretical provisions and progressive methods of performing construction and installation processes during the construction of such structures obtained during the implementation of this project will provide students with the possibility of designing and organizing high-efficiency technological processes in further practical activities.

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