Heating of industrial building

Brief description of the object

1.1 Design input and design parameters of internal and external environment

The industrial building is designed for construction in the city of Novosibirsk. This construction area belongs to the construction and climatic zone - IB (according to SniP 230199 "Construction climatology).

Estimated winter temperatures: the coldest days with a security of 0.92 txc = 42 Co, the temperature of the coldest five-day tx5 - minus 39 Co. The heating period is 230 days. The average temperature of the heating period is 7.7 Co.

According to SniP 2.01.0785 * "Loads and Impacts" snow load area IV, the standard value of snow cover weight is 240 kgf/m2. Wind load area - III, standard value of wind pressure W0 = 38 kgf/m2.

According to the materials of engineering and geological surveys, the general characteristic of the relief is calm. Soil of the base - sands of medium size. Standard depth of soil freezing is 1.9 m [4].

In the area of ​ ​ the construction site, the dominant wind direction is the southwestern direction.

1.2 Characteristics of the building and accepted decisions of the heating and ventilation system.

The industrial building is designed from the following structural elements:

Foundations for columns - precast reinforced concrete solid. Reinforced concrete foundation beams are designed for external walls. Concrete class B15, F50.

The frame of the building (columns, beams, floors) is reinforced concrete.

External walls - from brick K75/1/35 GOST 53095 on M75 solution, reinforced.

Internal barriers made of gypsum board GCL along metal guides.

Jumpers - prefabricated reinforced concrete according to 1.038.11 series, ex.1

The roof is rolled.

Floors are concrete.

Windows - wooden for production buildings, GOST 1250681.

Internal doors - wooden as per GOST 662988. External wooden doors as per GOST 2469881.

Gate - metal according to series 3.0173.

The heating system wiring is accepted as the lower one with dead end movement of the coolant. Design pressure at the entry into the building. Heat source city CHP-1. Design temperature difference 9570 0С. Heating devices M90.

Schematic Selection and Heating System Design

It is recommended to install heating devices openly near the outer walls, primarily under window openings at a distance of at least 60 mm from the clean floor and 25 mm from the wall surface. On staircases, heating devices are installed in the lower part of the staircase near the front door, behind the tambour. It is not allowed to install heating devices in the compartments of inlet enclosures having single entrance doors. Connections to heating devices are laid open horizontally with a length of up to 1 m and with a slope with a longer length (it is not recommended to arrange connections with a length of more than 1.5 m). The slope of the falling inlet is towards the instrument, the reverse is towards the riser.

Each heating device should have a temperature controller on the supply inlet and a ball valve on the return inlet.

Heating devices of the upper floor in systems with lower wiring should be equipped with a Mayevsky crane (for air removal). It is allowed not to install control cranes for staircase heaters.

Heating system risers (for vertical heating systems) are located open at a distance of 15-20 mm from the wall surface. It is recommended to place risers in corners formed by external walls. Separate risers are installed on the staircases with the connection of heating devices according to a flowing unregulated scheme. With the number of floors in the building of more than three on each riser in its upper and lower part (at a distance of 100 mm from the main pipeline), through cranes (or valves) and tees with drain cranes (for disconnecting and lowering water from the riser) are installed. On staircase risers, disconnecting devices are installed regardless of the number of floors .

Main pipelines are laid open along the walls of the building on brackets at a distance of at least 100 mm from the wall. Sections of main pipelines and risers passing in unheated rooms are covered with thermal insulation. In attics with a pitched roof, main pipelines are laid with an indentation of 1400-1500 mm from the outer walls. The main riser of the heating system during the upper wiring is laid on the stairwell.

The routing of the main pipelines is shown on the basement plan (or the plan of underground channels with floors on the ground) and the plan of the attic.

Supply and return main pipelines are laid taking into account the accepted coolant flow diagram. At the same time, each of the branches of the heating system should have approximately the same thermal load. Each branch is equipped with gate valves or valves (to enable its disconnection) and drain valves at the lower points of the heating system near the ITP (to drain water). Main pipelines are laid with a slope of at least 0.003, providing air removal and emptying of the system. At the upper location of the supply line at the end of each branch, flow air collectors are installed in front of the last riser to remove air from the system.

Calculation and design of natural ventilation system

In residential buildings, in accordance with [2], a natural exhaust ventilation device is provided with the removal of air from the bathrooms and kitchens with an unorganized flow of fresh air through the loopholes of enclosing structures, window windows and framugs.

3.1. Determination of required air exchange and selection of ventilation system diagram

The required air exchange value Lp is calculated:

- for residential premises:

a) 30 m3/h for residential premises with a total area of ​ ​ an apartment for 1 person more than 20 m2;

b) 3 m3/h per 1 m2 of living space for residential premises with a total apartment area per 1 person less than 20 m2;

- for bathrooms and kitchens is accepted in accordance with [2].

Lp = 50 m3/h, for bathrooms; Lp = 90 m3/h, for kitchen.

The calculated air exchange of the apartment is taken as the largest of two values: the total air exchange for residential rooms or the total air exchange for the kitchen and bathrooms .

Air is removed from the apartment through exhaust grates and canals located in kitchens and bathrooms.

Design of exhaust ventilation consists in arrangement of vertical and horizontal ventilation channels, exhaust ventilation shafts, determination of their structural solution. The result of this section is the development of spatial diagrams of ventilation systems, the placement of ventilation grids, exhaust ducts, shafts on the floor plans and the attic of the building (each ventilation system is assigned its own number, for example, VE1, VE-2, etc.).

Removal of air from individual rooms is advisable to be provided through independent exhaust channels. Within one apartment, it is allowed to combine canals from latrines and bathrooms. In the attic, it is allowed to combine the ventilation channels of kitchens and bathrooms of various apartments into one system. It is not allowed to combine channels from rooms oriented to different elevations of buildings into a common system.

When designing ventilation systems follow the following rules.

Ventilation ducts are located in the thickness of internal capital brick walls or in furrows closed outside by slabs. Channel section dimensions are taken to be 1/2 brick multiples. The smallest channel size is 1/2 × 1/2 bricks (140x140 mm). The thickness of the channel walls and the minimum distance between the channels shall be at least 1/2 of brick. Channels in brick walls are located from doorways at a distance of 1.5 bricks (380 mm). Ventilation ducts are not arranged in external walls.

In the absence of brick capital walls or the impossibility of placing all channels in them, wall channels made of blocks, bricks, steel ducts are allowed. The smallest size of the attachment channels is 100 × 100 mm. As the dimensions increase, they must be multiples of 50 mm. If the attachment channels are located at the outer wall, then a gap of at least 50 mm is necessarily left between the wall and the duct or insulation is made .

The bottom of vertical ventilation channels is located 0.5 m below the floor level. The inlet to the channels is closed by ventilation grilles.

Vertical ventilation channels are arranged independently with access to the roof. In the level of the attic space, vertical ventilation channels can be made of asbestos cement pipes, blocks, brickwork or galvanized steel with mandatory insulation in the space of the attic.

Exhaust shafts are arranged with combined channels. Shafts with combined channels are made of asbestos cement pipes, galvanized steel or a wooden frame with galvanized steel plating is made. In the attic level, exhaust shafts are insulated by mineral wool plates or other effective insulation.

It is recommended to place exhaust shafts in the highest part of the attic room or roof. The range of the naturally induced ventilation systems is not more than 8 m.

Промышленное здание. 24х48.dwg