Heating of a five-story apartment building

Contents

Introduction

1. Brief description of the building, design parameters of outdoor and indoor air

2. Determination of heat transfer resistance of the floor above the unheated basement

3. Determination of calculated temperatures in unheated rooms (attic)

4. Determination of calculated heat losses by premises and building

5. Design and calculation of single tube heating system

5.1. Design of heating system, determination of design heat flow and coolant flow rate for heating devices, design capacity of heating system

5.2. Design, heat-hydraulic calculation and selection of heat station equipment with a dependent scheme of connection to heat networks (selection of a mixing three-way valve, mixing pump - according to the appropriate methods)

5.3. Hydraulic calculation of a single-tube heating system (one of two facades) using resistance characteristics. Selection of circulation pump

5.4. Selection of heating devices

6. Design and calculation of a two-tube water heating system

6.1. Design of heating system, determination of design heat flow and coolant flow rate for heating devices, design capacity of heating system

6.2. Design, thermohydraulic calculation and selection of heat station equipment with an independent circuit of connection to heat networks (heat exchanger - using an electronic program, expansion tank, commercial heat meter, heat release regulator, control valve, etc. - according to appropriate methods)

6.3. Hydraulic calculation of a double-tube heating system using the method of specific friction pressure losses. Selection of Thermostatic Valves and Balance Valves on Heating Instrument Backflows, Determination from Required Capacity

6.4. Selection of heating devices

7. Main recommendations for installation, start-up and heat and hydraulic adjustment of heating system

7.1. Installation

7.2. Commissioning

7.3. Operational adjustment

8. Summary

List of sources used

Introduction.

As part of the topic discussed, heating is a set of measures to heat the room to compensate for the thermal energy they lose and maintain thermal comfort.

Therefore, in this course project, we first calculate the heat loss of the building, and then design a system designed to make up for them.

In the project, the thermal physical characteristics of the building and the thermal losses of the premises and the building as a whole are determined, the single-tube and double-tube heating systems, thermal points with dependent and independent schemes for connecting to thermal networks, the hydraulic calculation of both systems and the selection of the minimum number of sections of heating devices in the design risers are designed, recommendations are made for the installation and adjustment of the system being performed.

1. Brief description of the building, design parameters of outdoor and indoor air.

The building is a residential, five-story, apartment building, with an unheated basement, a cold attic.

Heat transfer resistance of enclosing structures RT = 2.1 m2˚S/Vt, attic floor - RT = 3.4 m2˚S/Vt.

The construction site is Minsk region.

The elevation orientation is SA.

The coldest five-day provision of 0.92 for the Minsk region is characterized by the temperature text = 24˚C, the calculated internal air temperature is tp = 20˚C.

The material of the bearing layer of enclosing structures is ceramic concrete blocks on clay sand, the mat-rial of the heat-insulating material is polystyrene foam plates. Roof material - asbestos cement slabs are flat. Attic floor material - concrete slabs and heat insulation material. Filling of light openings - two-layer double-glazed windows in wooden bindings.

5.1. Design of heating system, determination of design heat flow and coolant flow rate for heating devices, design capacity of heating system.

The constructed heating system is a water single-tube dead end with lower wiring of main heat pipelines. The calculated value of heat flow significantly exceeds 50 kW, therefore, we provide for automatic regulation of the system.

Heating devices - one type: cast iron radiators MS140M. The devices are installed under the light openings at each outer wall of the room. In rooms No. 103 and 113, it is also simple near the outer wall without a light opening.

Heating of each staircase is carried out by one device installed on the inner-intermediate platform of the two-march staircase and fed by a separate riser.

In horizontal sections of pipelines the slope is 0.002.

The basement is unheated, so the pipelines must be insulated.

The pipeline is designed with compensating elements. I denote fixed supports taking into account temperature extensions.

I install a valve on the main piping so that each branch can be de-energized.

On the supply pipeline of each riser I install a ball valve with a drain valve, on the reverse - a balance valve with a drain valve. This will be done (if necessary) by disconnecting the riser from the network and draining water from it, as well as "balancing" the system.

At the upper points (there may be two) of each riser I install a valve to remove air.

We determine the estimated power of the ∑Qt system:

∑Qt = Qdd/0.93 = 104921.5/0.93 = 112812.8 W

The calculated heat flow Qt for each heating device during open laying is determined by the formula:

Qt = 1.05 Qo.p.

Coolant flow G, kg/h, in the design area or in the riser:

Gooch = 3.6 * Qt/( s (tgto)) = 3.6 * Qt/( 4.2 (8060))

Calculation of Qt and Guch will be performed in Microsoft Excel in item 5.3 for each section of the design circulation ring.

Design of heating system, determination of design heat flow and coolant flow rate for heating devices, design capacity of heating system.

In design, a double-tube heating system is similar to a single-tube heating system in everything (see para. 5.1), with the exception of risers. Heat carrier is supplied equivocally (in parallel) to each heating device, and the number of circulation rings is equal to the number of burners. The coolant is supplied from the upper part of the heating device, the bypass is not provided. Before entering each device, a through universal control valve for double-tube systems is installed, at the outlet - a balance radiator valve with a specified capacity setting.

The determination of the calculated heat flow and coolant flow rate for heating devices, the calculated power of the heating system fully corresponds to that for a single-tube system. I bring below.

Design capacity of the system ∑Qt:

∑Qt = Qdd/0.93 = 104921.5/0.93 = 112812.8 W

The calculated heat flow Qt for each heating device during open laying is determined by the formula:

Qt = 1.05 Qo.p.

Coolant flow G, kg/h, in the design area or in the riser:

Gooch = 3.6 * Qt/( s (tgto)) = 3.6 * Qt/( 4.2 (8060))

Calculation of Qt and Guch will be performed in Microsoft Excel in item 6.3.

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