Heat equipment of industrial boiler house - diploma

Contents

Introduction

1. Process Description

1.1 General description

1.2 Short description of KV-GM boiler 10-

1.3 Furnace chamber

1.4 Burner devices

1.5 Gas-air duct

1.6 Circulation diagram

1.7 Traction devices

2. Rationale for reconstruction

3. Heat calculation of KV-GM boiler 10-

3.1 Type and composition of fuel

3.2 Calculation of air volumes and combustion products

3.3 Determination of enthalpy of air and combustion products

3.4 Boiler heat balance and fuel flow determination

3.5 Calculation of heat exchange in the furnace

3.6 Calculation of convective bundle

3.7 Summary Table of Boiler Thermal Calculation

3.8 Calculation of the feston

4. Calculation of thermal circuit and heat exchangers

4.1 Calculation of thermal circuit

4.1.1 Maximum winter mode

4.1.2 Average winter mode

4.2 Calculation of the installation for the use of RES

4.2.1 Description of KTAN design and operation

4.2.2 Thermal calculation of KTANa

4.2.3 Structural calculation of KTANa

4.3 Calculation of air heater

5. Aerodynamic calculation of KV-GM boiler 10-

5.1 General provisions

5.2 Gas Path Calculation

5.3 Boiler Calculation

5.4 Calculation of flue-boiler gas duct

5.5 Calculation of flue-chimney gas duct

5.6 Chimney calculation

5.7 Calculation of the full pressure drop along the gas path

5.8 Air path calculation

5.8.1 Calculation of the intake window

5.8.2 Calculation of air pipeline from intake window to

fan

5.8.3 Calculation of air line from fan to burner

5.9 Selection of fan and smoke pump

6. Automation and thermal control of water heating boiler parameters

TC-GM 10-

6.1 Development of requirements for the automation system

6.2 Automation Feasibility Study

6.3 Automation System Development

6.3.1 Development of monitoring and diagnostics system

6.3.2 Automatic regulation

6.3.3 Process Alarm

6.4 Automation System Development

7. Hydraulic calculation of gas pipeline

7.1 Hydraulic calculation of medium pressure gas pipeline

7.2 GRU equipment selection

7.2.1 Selection of pressure regulator

7.2.2 Selection of BSVC and UCS

7.2.3 Gas Filter Selection

7.2.4 Selection of shutoff valves

7.2.5 Selection of instrumentation in GRP

8. Safety and Environmental Friendliness in Boiler Room Operation

8.1 Safety and Environmental Friendliness in Operation of Boiler Room Thermal Equipment

9. Calculation of heat energy production cost

9.1 Determination of fuel costs

9.2 Electricity Cost for Boiler Room

9.3 Water Cost for Boiler Room

9.4 Calculation of the annual wage fund

9.5 Calculation of depreciation fund

9.6 Calculation of current and overhaul costs

9.7 Shop expenses

9.8 Calculation of cost of 1 GJ of released thermal energy

9.9 Analysis of economic efficiency of reconstruction

Conclusion

Bibliographic list

Introduction

Currently, small consumers are provided with heat from industrial heating boilers.

Boiler houses are very profitable for enterprises, since they themselves can regulate heat production as consumption changes, they themselves can carry out repairs at a convenient time of year, without disrupting the heating process.

This project presents the reconstruction of the production plant in connection with its transfer from natural gas to thermogas.

The reconstruction of boiler houses contributes to increasing the efficiency of fuel use, allows improving the quality of heat supply to consumers, ensuring reliable and economical operation, reducing water treatment costs, reducing the release of harmful substances into the atmosphere and improving the reliability of the heat supply system.

Advantages of Thermogas:

■ Disposal of waste dumps that infect the environment and remove vast areas from usable use;

■ MSW are neutralized and with the help of special equipment, the content of harmful substances in outgoing gases is brought to the permissible level;

■ slags and ash from waste incineration are neutralized and usefully used in the construction industry;

■ fossil fuel economy is achieved (burning of 1 t of TBT replaces an average of 450 kg of fuel);

■ Heat energy is generated and usefully used.

General description

Water-heating gas-nitrogen boiler KV-GM-10-150 is designed to heat the water of heat supply systems to 150 ° C, is made in horizontal arrangement and has a furnace chamber with a horizontal flow of flue gases and a convective shaft through which flue gases go from below up. The boiler is supplied by two transportable units, have the same design and differ only in the depth of the furnace chamber and convective shaft. Width between axes of pipes of side screens is 2580 mm. Screens of the furnace camera are screened boiler pipes Ø60x3 GOST 873475 seamless holodnodeformirovanny (cold-drawn). Screen pipes are welded to headers Ø219x10mmGOST 873475. Heat capacity of KV-GM-10-150 boilers is 10 Gcal (11.63 MW).

Furnace chamber

The furnace chamber (furnace block) is completely shielded by pipes with a diameter of 60 × 3 mm with a pitch of 64 mm, which form:

• left and right side furnace screens - vertical pipes welded to lower and upper headers;

• front (front) screen - curved pipes that screen the front and under (bottom) of the furnace; pipes are welded to front (front) and long (bottom) headers; the front (front) manifold is located closer to the hearth, and a burner is installed above it;

• intermediate (rotary) screen - vertically curved pipes installed in two rows, which are welded to the upper and lower headers and are made in the form of a gas-tight screen; the rotary screen does not reach the ceiling of the furnace, leaving a window for passing flue gases from the furnace to the combustion chamber. Convective block (shaft) has:

• feston screen - vertically curved pipes welded to the upper and lower headers, wherein in the upper part of the pipe are made in the form of a gas-thick all-welded screen, and in the lower part of the wall the pipes are brought into a four-row feston; the festoon screen is simultaneously the rear screen of the furnace;

• rear wall - vertical pipes welded to upper and lower headers;

• the left and right side walls of the shaft are vertical risers (pipes with a diameter of 83 × 3.5 mm, installed with a spacing of 128 mm) welded to the top and bottom headers, and three packages of horizontally arranged U-shaped screens made of pipes with a diameter of 28 × 3 mm are welded into these risers.

Gas-air duct

Heat from flue gases in the furnace is transferred to all screen pipes (radiation heating surfaces), and heat from pipes is transmitted to water circulating along the screens. From the furnace, enveloping the intermediate (on-the-portal) gas screen from above, the flue gases enter the combustion chamber, then pass the four-row feston at the bottom, enter the convective shaft, where heat is transferred to the water circulating along the packages of sections (screens) and, passing the shaft from below up, flue gases are removed to the flue pipe and to the atmosphere.

Rationale for feasibility

Boiler Shop Renovations

The funds invested in the reconstruction will return in the form of savings in a few years, usually in 2-3 years. Therefore, it is recommended to carry out the re-construction of the boiler room with a high degree of wear and tear of the boiler equipment, violation of the heat supply temperature schedule, as well as a high cost of heat generation.

The reconstruction of the boiler room will allow:

1) Provide an increase in the heat capacity of the boiler house, create a reserve for thermal capacity;

2) Increase the efficiency of the boiler house due to the decommissioning of morally and physically obsolete boilers and the installation of new modern boilers with an efficiency of 90-93%;

3) Reduce fuel consumption;

4) Reduce power consumption for pump drives;

5) Ensure the necessary water operation of boilers at minimum costs for chemical water treatment;

6) Reduce operating costs;

7) Save on maintenance by reducing the staffing of maintenance personnel.

Development of requirements for the automation system

When choosing automation equipment, it is necessary to take into account the type and nature of the technological process, parameters and physicochemical properties of the measured medium, accuracy and speed of automation equipment. Automation tools should usually be selected from mass-produced ones. At the same time, it is preferable to use the same type and unified means and automation systems, as well as devices of the state system of industrial devices (GPS). The number of devices, control and alarm equipment installed on boards, panels shall provide their necessary minimum, which is determined by the convenience of operation, cost and duration of installation and commissioning works.

The hot water boilers shall be equipped with control and safety automation (interlocks), which stops the fuel supply to the furnace in the following cases:

• when the water pressure is lower than the permissible one (as the water boils);

• at pressure increase above permissible (to avoid rupture of pipes for strength);

• if the water flow through the hot water boiler is lower than permissible (as this will cause boiling of water);

• if the water temperature at the boiler outlet rises to 20 below the saturation temperature corresponding to the operating water pressure in the boiler outlet header;

• if gas or fuel oil pressure in front of burners is lower than permissible;

Conclusion

In this explanatory note to the final qualification work on the topic "Thermal equipment of the industrial boiler house," the calculation of the boiler house thermal diagram, the thermal calculation of the KV-GM boiler unit 10-150, the aerodynamic calculation of the gas and smoke duct of the boiler, the hydraulic calculation of the gas supply system were carried out.

As a result of the thermal calculation of the hot water boiler, the thermogas flow rate to the boiler was obtained, the temperature of the outgoing gases behind each gas duct (furnace, feston, convective bundle).

As a result of the calculation of the thermal circuit, heat exchange equipment was selected and KTAN was calculated.

As a result of the aerodynamic calculation of gas and air paths, it was checked that the smoke and blast fans installed in the boiler shop of the enterprise will provide the necessary productivity and vacuum.

As a result of the hydraulic calculation of the gas supply system, gas flow rates, pressure losses and gas pipeline diameters were determined in the network sections, the main GRU equipment was selected.

For the purpose of safe and economical operation of the boiler, the issue of equipping it with automation, alarm and protection equipment was resolved.

Next, the issue of safety during the operation of the boiler room thermal equipment was considered. A numerical value of direct thermal contact exposure was found, according to the results of which it was revealed that this exposure does not exceed the permissible value. Inhalation protection measures have been proposed to ensure the safe operation of staff.

In the economic part, the cost of thermal energy was calculated when working on thermal gas and natural gas, and the main efficiency indicators were calculated - net discounted income and payback period. It was concluded that the reconstruction is effective.