Heat and gas supply of the building - exchange rate

Contents

Introduction

Heating

Determination of heat transfer coefficients of enclosing structures .

Determining the Required Heating Capacity

Selection of heating system and coolant parameters

Development of drawings and design diagram of heating system

Hydraulic calculation of the heating system... 16 3.1. Preparation for calculation

3.2 Determination of design circulation pressure

3.3 Hydraulic calculation

3.4 Selection of hydraulic elevator

Calculation and selection of heating devices

Ventilation

Selection of ventilation system

Calculation of air exchanges

Aerodynamic calculation

Conclusion...... 28 List of literature

Introduction

The purpose of the course work is to consolidate the theoretical material through independent design. The design object is a residential building, accepted according to the building catalog, in the size of one section, three-story (all building elements are left regardless of the floor of the catalog).

Panel-type building with non-operable basement, attic and pitched roof. The construction area is the city of Khabarovsk. On each floor there is one one-room, one two-room and two three-room apartments. The house has a garbage duct and an elevator.

In course work, a project for heating and ventilation of a residential building is being developed.

The initial data is accepted according to the task. The height of the floor is 2.8 m, the basement is 2.5 m. The orientation of the main facade of the building is east. Heat supply is provided centrally. The building is connected to the heat network passing along the street. Design temperature of primary heat carrier is 133 wasps.

Climatic parameters of the construction area. Design winter temperature of external air, average for the coldest five days, security 0.92, tn =-31 wasps, period duration with an average daily temperature of +8 wasps and below Z ht. = 211 days, average temperature for the same period of t ht. = 9.3 wasps.

In the graphic part, plans are being developed for the typical floor of the basement and attic with heating system networks and ventilation channels, design schemes for heating and ventilation, heating station and hydraulic elevator diagrams. The explanatory note justifies and calculates the developed project solutions.

Progress can be roughly divided into the following steps:

1) Study the task.

2) Determination of heat transfer coefficients of main enclosing structures and filling of light openings.

3) Determination of building heat loss and heating system power.

4) Selection of heating system and scheme and development of standard plans

floors, basement and attic .

5) Development of the design axonometric diagram of the heating system.

6) Hydraulic calculation of the heating system.

7) Calculation of heating devices .

8) Selection of hydroelevator and development of heat station diagram.

9) Determination of air exchange and selection of ventilation duct locations.

10) Aerodynamic calculation of channels .

1.4 Development of drawings and design diagram of heating system

We accept a single-tube dead end heating system with upper wiring with an open circuit for connecting to the thermal network with a hydraulic elevator .

In the standard floor plan, Appendix A, we first place heating appliances at the windows. The risers are located in the corners of the outer walls of the corner rooms, at the spacers at a distance of 300-500 mm from the heating devices - in other rooms. Heating devices are connected to the risers on one side. In staircases, heating devices are installed on the ground floor, and are connected to the heat pipes located in the basement.

Risers are designated as follows: supply risers of single-tube systems - "St.T1 - N," and risers of cooled coolant - "St. T2 - N, "where N is the sequence number of the riser. The main riser is placed on the stair landing and is designated "Ch. article".

On the basement plan, Appendix B, the locations of the cooled coolant risers and the main riser are indicated under the same serial numbers as on the standard floor plan. Then the main heat lines are placed along the walls of the facades, with a dead end scheme, and they are connected to each other approximately along their midpoints. The location of the individual heat station is accepted in the room next to the staircase to the basement, the place of primary and cooled heat carrier discharge is shown, and is also connected to the main riser and the reverse main bridge. Supply pipes are "T1" and return pipes are "T2." Also, "T2" denotes risers falling into the basement .

In the attic plan, Annex B shows the locations of the main and supply risers by moving from the typical floor plan with the same numbers. Supply lines are placed with displacement by 1 m from external walls, with connection of risers to them by the shortest distances. Flow air collectors are installed on the main lines in front of the far risers. The main pipes in the basement and attic are shown with thermal insulation in the form of a thickened line.

Then the axonometric diagram of heating systems is constructed with indication of all heating devices, risers, mains, heat station, air collectors, shutoff, control and safety valves, as well as devices for air discharge, water drain and flushing of the heating system, Appendix G. Shutoff valves are installed: at primary coolant inlet and outlet, at building inlet, after hydraulic elevator on main riser, supply and return lines in places of branches, in upper and lower parts of risers. On the risers between the shutoff devices, tees are also installed with plugs for draining water at the bottom and air inlet and outlet at the top.

On the devices of single-tube water heating systems, three-way cranes of KRTP are used at the places of installation of jumpers on the upper supply offset from the stand axis, at the upper supply of coolant. No control valves shall be installed in auxiliary rooms, staircases and other places dangerous to water freezing in heating devices and pipes.

2.1. Selection of ventilation system

In residential buildings, natural exhaust ventilation is accepted. In accordance with the new position of SNiPa - air is necessarily removed from the kitchen, from the bath and from the toilet. Clean air comes from accommodation and corridors. Therefore, ventilation channels are located in kitchen, bathroom or toilet rooms or combined bathrooms. The living rooms are ventilated through kitchens and bathrooms. Ventilation ducts and louver grilles are shown on the floor plan.

In residential premises, ventilation panels are arranged if the required air exchange in residential rooms exceeds the total air exchange of the kitchen, toilet and bath.

The range of the exhaust system of natural channel ventilation from the axis of the most distant channel is assumed to be no more than 8 m. The grilles are installed at a distance of 200,500 mm below the ceiling.