Diploma - Rehabilitation Center

Contents

Contents

Contents

Summary

Introduction

1 Architectural and construction section

1.2 Master Plan

1.2.1 Counting of black marks

1.2.1 Red Mark Count

1.3 Space Planning Solution

1.3.1 TEP of space planning solution

1.4 Structural solutions

1.5 Sanitary and engineering equipment

1.6 Thermal calculation of the coating

2 Design section

2.1 Calculation of precast reinforced concrete multi-stop floor panel

2.1.1 Load calculation per 1 m2 of floor

2.1.2 Determination of panel design span

2.1.3 Forces from design and standard loads

2.1.4 Setting of plate cross-section dimensions

2.1.5 Strength characteristics of concrete and reinforcement

2.1.6 Determination of initial stresses in valves

2.1.7 Calculation of plate strength by section normal to longitudinal axis

2.1.8 Calculation of plate strength by section inclined to longitudinal axis

2.1.9 Determination of geometric characteristics of the given section for plate calculation by limit states of the second group

2.1.10 Pre-stress loss of valves

2.1.11 Calculation by crack formation normal to longitudinal axis

2.1.12 Calculation of plate deflection

2.1.13 Check the panel for mounting forces

2.1.13 Calculation of mounting loops

2.2 Calculation of reinforced concrete ladder platform

2.2.1 Determination of loads

2.2.2 Plate shelf calculation

2.2.3 Calculation of frontal edge

2.2.4 Calculation of inclined cross-section of frontal rib for transverse force

2.2.5 Calculation of the second longitudinal edge of the site plate

2.2.6 Calculation of superimposed section of wall rib

2.2.7 Calculation by deflections

2.3.8 Site instability check

2.3 Calculation of precast reinforced concrete march

2.3.1 Determination of loads and forces

2.3.2 Preliminary assignment of dimensions of the cross-section of the march

2.3.3 Selection of longitudinal reinforcement section area

2.3.4 Calculation of inclined section for transverse force

2.3.5 Calculation of deformations

2.3.6 Calculation of crack opening normal to longitudinal axis

2.3.7 Check for opening of inclined cracks

2.3.8 Check of cruise stability

2.4 Design and calculation of reinforced concrete prefabricated bridges

2.4.1 Materials for the article and their mechanical properties

3 Process section

3.1 Patent Search

3.1.1 Patent Search for Linoleum Flooring Device

3.1.2 Patent Search for a Mosaic Floor Device

3.2 Routing for masonry and installation of prefabricated structures of standard floor

3.2.1 Scope of Job Instruction Application

3.2.2 Construction Process Organization and Technology

3.2.2.1 Determination of the nomenclature and calculation of the scope of work

3.2.2.2 Calculation of labour and wages

3.2.2.3 Selection of crane for installation of prefabricated railway elements

3.2.2.4 Quality control of works performance

3.2.2.5 Safety and Health

3.2.3 Technical and economic indicators

3.2.4 Logistical resources

3.3 - Feasibility Comparison of Options

4 Organizational and construction section

4.1 Construction Network Schedule

4.2 Construction Plot Plan

4.2.1 Calculation of temporary buildings of the construction site

4.2.2. Calculation of temporary water supply

4.2.3 Calculation of temporary power supply

4.2.4 Calculation and design of warehouses

5. Economic section

5.1 Local Estimate No.

6 Project safety and environmental friendliness

6.1 Identification and analysis of harmful and hazardous factors in the designed facility

6.1.2 Development of technological and technical solutions for elimination of harmful and hazardous factors

6.1.3 Fire Safety

6.1.4 Environmental conditions and environmental friendliness of the project

6.2 Calculation of searchlight

6.2.1 Calculation of security lighting

6.2.2 Calculation of general lighting of the site

6.2.3 Calculation of work area lighting

6.3 Occupational Safety Instruction for Concrete Worker

6.3.1 General Safety Requirements

6.3.2 Safety requirements before starting operation

6.3.3 Safety requirements during works performance

6.3.4 Safety requirements in emergency situations

6.3.5Security requirements upon completion of operation

6.3.6 Safety Instructions

6.4 Environmental Protection

6.5 Development of safety measures during operation of the facility

Conclusion

List of literature

   Summary

 The project for the construction of the Rehabilitation Center for 315 people was developed in accordance with the current regulatory documents of the Republic of Belarus by a fifth-year student Derylov Denis Gennadyevich of the specialty "Industrial and Civil Construction " of Mogilev State Technical University.

The project was developed in 2002 and includes 10 sheets of the graphic part (architectural and construction section (space-planning solution) - three sheets, design section (hollow slab, stairway and platform, lintel are developed) - two sheets, process technology (developed technical map for brickwork) - three sheets, work organization (construction plan and network schedule developed) - two sheets) and explanatory   note.

Introduction

At this stage of the development of the Republic of Belarus, the fundamental task of the construction industry as a whole is to implement the achievements of scientific and technological progress. For this purpose, it is necessary to turn construction into industrial and technological progress , increase its technical and economic level, ensure the reliability and quality of construction products, reduce the cost of design and civil works, due to the use of new organizational and technological solutions, structures and materials, reduce the construction time by optimizing construction and installation options.  

Currently, there is an intensive development in the field of structural design: improving the methodology for calculating and using new effective materials. 

Network modeling and optimization methods for designing the organization and technology of construction production have become widespread. 

The global application of the above tasks in practice will lead to a significant increase in the construction industry and the national economy as a whole in the republic.

Architectural and construction section

1.1 Initial data

The construction of the building, a realization center for 315 people, is carried out on a plot of 1.26 hectares allotted in the suburban strip of Gomel. On the site of the health complex, the construction of a dining room with 200 seats, laundry and utility buildings is also underway.

The designed building has heating, ventilation, hot and cold water supply systems. Heat supply source is designed boiler house through external heat networks.

In accordance with SNiP 2.01.07-85 "Loads and Impacts," the wind load is accepted for the 1st district, snow for the 3rd construction district. 

According to engineering and geological surveys conducted by Gomelgrazhdanproekt, it was established that the foundation for the foundations is sands of medium size of medium density.

The groundwater level in the construction area is at -11.850 m. 

1.2 Master Plan

The master plan is designed in accordance with the development project. The terrain in the construction area is calm. The designed building with other utility buildings makes up a health complex equipped with a system of footpaths, platforms, roads and driveways.

The complex of buildings includes:

- implementation center for 315 people;

- dining room with 200 seats;

- laundry.

A parking lot for 50 cars is also provided at the sanatorium building. In the subsequent phase of construction, it is planned to erect a diagnostic building.

Coniferous and deciduous trees, lawn grass, flower beds are used for landscaping of the territory.

1.3 Space Planning Solution

The space-planning solution of the building, the implementation center for 315 places, was developed in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.08.02 - 89 "Public Buildings" and in accordance with the initial data, general plan decisions and regulatory documents. 

The building is designed two-story, with a basement and attic, 60.3 m long, 40.7m wide and 12.3m high. 

The building has four staircases and a hospital elevator. 

The building of the holiday home is composed of three blocks (blocks A, B, C).

On the ground floor of blocks "A" and "C" there are chambers for 2 seats and a game hall. In block "B" on the first floor there are procedural rooms, offices of administrative personnel and household premises.

The planning solution of the 2nd floor of blocks "A," "B" and "C" is similar to the layout of the 1st floor. Naturally, the lighting of the center meets the requirements of SNiP II473 "Lighting of the main and auxiliary rooms of public buildings."

The building belongs to the II degree of fire resistance.

1.4 Structural solutions

Structural solutions were developed on the basis of initial data, architectural and planning solutions and in accordance with the requirements of chapters SNiP 2.04.01-85 "Loads and Impacts," SNiP 2.02.01-88 "Bases of Buildings and Structures," SNiP II2281 "Stone and Armstone Structures," SNiP iP 2.0301 and 84 concrete structures.

The foundations are designed by tape according to GOST 13580-85 "Tape Foundation Slabs" and GOST 13579-78 - "Basement Wall Blocks."

Horizontal waterproofing of foundations - cement with liquid glass, side coating in 2 layers of bitumen. Foundation bottom elevation -2.800 m.

Structural diagram - a brick building with longitudinal load-bearing walls. The external walls of the building are made of gas silicate blocks according to GOST 21520-89 with silicate and ceramic face brick as per GOST 530-95. On the inside of the wall are plastered with lime-sand mortar. The internal walls of the building with a thickness of 380 mm are made of ordinary ceramic brick according to GOST 7583-78.

The spatial rigidity of the building is ensured by the combined operation of longitudinal and transverse walls with a rigid slab disk, as well as stiffening cores, which are staircases and an elevator shaft.

The straps are reinforced concrete according to series B 1.0381-1.

Prefabricated reinforced concrete products are accepted according to the territorial catalog.

Slab - prefabricated multistage slabs with round voids of gray. 1.1411 vol. 60, 63.

Prefabricated reinforced concrete stairs according to the series 1.050.1-2 vol. 1.2.

Brick partitions 120 mm thick.

Floor insulators above the basement and attic are polysterolbeton heat insulation plates according to TU 21 BSSR 2287 *.

The roof is made combined: 4-layer roll with a protective layer of gravel according to GOST 826882 with a thickness of 10 mm and rolled. In the facade parts of the building it is made of wooden elements according to GOST 2445480 with a clay tile coating according to GOSt 213284.

Drainage from the pitched roof of a system of trays and drainage pipes, made of galvanized steel.

Window blocks are accepted with triple glazing, and meet heat engineering requirements .

1.5 Sanitary and engineering equipment

The project was developed in accordance with SNiP 2.04.01-85 "Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings," SNiP 2.08.0289 "Public buildings and structures."

Installation of sanitary and technical systems shall be carried out in strict accordance with SNiP 3.05.01-85 "Internal sanitary and technical systems."

The following devices are scheduled for installation:

- ceramic semicircular washbasins with dimensions of 450x450 mm with a bottle siphon;

- ceramic toilets with a directly located flush barrel;

- steel shells with two-turn siphon;

- cast iron shower trays.  

The internal water supply system is made of metal pipes with a diameter of 32 mm.

Disposal of domestic waste water is provided to the designed external sewage system to be laid through 100mm-diameter outlets. The internal sewer network is designed from cast iron pipes according to GOST 69.42.380 with a diameter of 100 mm.

The heating system is assumed with automatic heat start-up, single-tube, vertical with cast iron heating devices of type MS140 and laying of main pipelines in the technical subpole. The installation of shutoff valves is provided: at the inputs, at the base of the risers, on the access to sanitary devices.

1.6 Thermal calculation of the coating

Master Data: 

Construction area - Mogilev;

The purpose of the building is public;

Humidity area - normal B;

Internal air temperature - 18S

2 Design section

2.1 Calculation of precast reinforced concrete multi-stop floor panel

2.1.1 Load calculation per 1 m2 of floor

The calculation of elements was carried out on the BETA program of Polotsk State University.

The BETA program was developed in accordance with the draft SNB 5.03.0198 "CONCRETE AND REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES. DESIGN STANDARDS. "

Draft SNB 5.03.0198 is introduced to replace SNiP 2.03.01-84 * "CONCRETE AND REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES. DESIGN STANDARDS. "

The introduced norms are intended to bring the design of concrete and reinforced concrete structures in accordance with the requirements and provisions adopted in the European Standards for the Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures (Eurocodes), while preserving the design rules for concrete and reinforced concrete structures contained in SNiP 2.03.01-84 * in terms of sections that do not contradict the requirements of European standards.

In the last decade, due to wide computerization in the field of reinforced concrete theory, a deformation calculation model of normal sections has been found for calculating reinforced concrete elements exposed to longitudinal forces and bending moments. This design model includes equilibrium equations of external and internal forces, deformation condition of normal design section in the form of hypothesis of flat sections for averaged values of relative deformations and diagram of concrete and reinforcement deformation. The system of defining equations is converted to resolving equations, which are solved by step iteration methods, which are based on various modifications to the method of elastic solutions in relation to concrete and reinforced concrete. The deformation design model made it possible to obtain a universal method that allows calculating the stress-strain state for an arbitrary cross-sectional shape and the nature of reinforcement of the reinforced concrete element for all types of limit state.

The Republic of Belarus has currently developed draft NSS 5.03.0198, which, along with the plastic approach, recommends a method for calculating normal sections of reinforced concrete elements based on a deformation calculation model.

The Polotsk State University has developed a program for calculating the strength and crack resistance of the normal section of reinforced concrete elements in accordance with the provisions of the SNB project. The program allows calculating parameters of stress-strain state, crack opening width in normal section at any stage of loading of reinforced concrete elements of arbitrary cross section and reinforcement (including taking into account preliminary stress) at any type of stress-strain state (compression, stretching, bending, oblique off-center compression, oblique bending), as well as selection of cross section area of the working longitudinal reinforcement.

Process Section

3.1 Patent Search

3.1.1 Patent Search for Linoleum Flooring Device

E04F15/14

V.F. Ilyushin, G.K. Gumburidze, S.G. Safarova

Georgian Research Institute of Energy and Hydraulic Engineering. 

Use: in floors of residential and public buildings and linoleum coating. 

floor includes underlying layer with slots made in it, layer of cold mastic, coating of joined linoleum sheets, edges of which are fixed in slots of underlying layer by means of sealing cords. Slots are made in the form of trapezium with narrow base on bottom, and at sides of walls of slots there attached are bars from elastic material made in the form of trapezium with narrow base on bottom.

Due to such a combination of features, the grooves in the underlying layer having the shape of trapezoids with smaller lower and upper bases become more technological, and the presence of bars of elastoplastic materials at the bending points of the linoleum edges provides favorable operating conditions for the coating material, thereby increasing its durability.

Floor includes underlying layer with slots made in it, layer from cold mastic, coating from joined sheets of linoleum, edges of which are fixed in slots of underlying layer by means of sealing cords. The slots are made in the form of trapezoids with a narrow base at the bottom, and at the side walls of the slots are attached bars made of elastoplastic material, thus made in the form of trapezoids  with a smaller base at the bottom and with a fixed upper angle.

The floor is made as follows. Slots are formed by means of trapezoidal racks installed during concreting of underlying layer, which are then easily removed from slots after concrete hardening. The bars are made of plastic, wood or other light material having elastoplastic properties. Bars are fixed in slots using glue, screws or their combinations. The presence of rounded angles on the bars eliminates sharp fractures of the ends of the linoleum sheets and their destruction when a load is applied to the floor at the joint sections of adjacent linoleum sheets.

Execution of slots of proposed design and separate bars with their subsequent attachment in slots simplifies technology of floor erection.

3.1.2 Patent Search for a Mosaic Floor Device

E04 F 15/12

L.D. Tarasenko, K.N. Ratkevich, N.N. Kamlyuk.

Production construction and installation association "Gomelpromstroy" and the central research and design expert institute for the organization of mechanization and technical assistance for construction.

Use: in the floors of civil and public buildings with mosaic coating.

The purpose of the invention is to improve the operational qualities of the floor due to increasing the strength of the clutch, as well as reducing the labour intensity of its device.

Method of mosaic floor arrangement is implemented as follows.

Guide rails are pre-installed and adjusted on the manufactured base. Concrete mixture of plastic consistency is laid on area formed in this way between racks. Then by means of vibration rack, which is moved along guides, leveling and compaction of concrete mixture is performed. A layer of marble crumbs with a different fraction of 2.515 mm is applied to the prepared concrete base using a special device, also moving it along the guide rails, while providing a layer thickness of 1015 mm. After application of crumb layer on treated surface suction mat is applied, which through collector is connected to vacuum unit. Suction mat is forced into concrete base along edges perimeter by means of special metal frame providing tight contact of mat working surface with concrete, after which vacuum unit is turned on. At the same time, the mat tightly squeezes the surface of the crumb and, acting on it with pressure corresponding to the degree of discharge, performs its simultaneous injection into concrete by almost 2/3 of the crumb thickness. At the same time, crumb reduction processes occur during vacuuming. The evacuation time is 11.5 minutes per 1 centimeter of the thickness of the concrete base. After the vacuum is completed, the suction mat is removed and the crumb is finally heated flush with the concrete surface. For this purpose light high-frequency ejection is installed on surface layer of crumb, which has already been flooded by 2/3 of thickness and crimped with concrete. In the process of moving the vibration rack along the guides, vibration is transmitted through the rigid sheet to the mint crumb by the boundary layer of cement dough, thinning it and thus simultaneously sticking the crumb and smoothing the surface.

Due to the fact that all technological operations are carried out from one base mark (along the guides), a high degree of leveling of the floor surface horizontally is ensured and the possibility of uneven infusion of the crumb is avoided, which in turn greatly facilitates the process of grinding the floor and improves its quality.

Compliance with these process parameters ensures that the crumb is injected with its minimum immersion in concrete, i.e. flush with its surface, without changing its position. As a result, the total surface of the crumb after grinding is 7080% of the area of the concrete base, which causes high decorative and operational properties of the grinding surface of the floor.

3.2 Routing for masonry and installation of prefabricated structures of standard floor

3.2.1 Scope of Job Instruction Application

This process sheet has been developed for masonry of external and internal walls, installation of slabs, stairways and platforms, and can be applied to the typical project "Rehabilitation Center for 315 people." 

3.2.2 Construction Process Organization and Technology

Prior to erection of the external and internal walls of each floor (from gas silicate blocks with facing ceramic and silicate bricks), all installation works of the structures of the previous floor must be carried out. The organization of the masonry process is based on the following provisions: the delivery of materials, products and structures with the required quality characteristics to the masons' workplaces should be timely and integrated mechanized. For this purpose, the building is divided into two equivalent grabs to ensure in-line work. Guided by these principles, the composition of the brigades leading the masonry was selected.

To ensure the proper quality and control of the work, the floor was divided into tiers. Masonry of the 2nd and 3rd tiers is carried out using inventory means of scooping. (In this typical project, the package scaffolding itself is universal). Delivery of materials to masons workplaces, installation and disassembly of inventory scaffolding, installation of prefabricated reinforced concrete structures is provided by the tower crane.

3.2.2.1 Determination of the nomenclature and calculation of the scope of work

- unloading of brick and gas silicate blocks

- unloading of prefabricated structures

- masonry of external walls

- masonry of internal walls

- laying of bar jumpers

- supply of brick and mortar for masonry

- installation and disassembly of inventory scaffolds 

- installation of floor slabs

- installation of stairways and platforms

- pouring of seams of slabs

3.2.2.4 Quality control of works performance

As stone structures are erected, the correctness of masonry transportation, thickness and filling of seams, verticality, horizontality and straightness of masonry surfaces and corners are systematically monitored. When laying brick walls, the following standards shall be observed:

- Deviations from design dimensions:

thickness + 20;

by elevation of floors 15 mm;

the width of the prostheses is 20 mm;

displacement of axes of adjacent window openings 20 mm;

displacement of structures axes 15 mm.

- Deflection of masonry surfaces and angles from vertical

to one floor 20 mm;

for the entire building 30 mm;

- Deviation of masonry rows from horizontal by 10 m of wall length: 20 mm

- Irregularities on the vertical surface of the masonry found during the laying of the rail 2m:

plastered 15 mm,

Neo-plastered 20 mm.

3.2.2.5 Safety and Health

During stonework it is necessary to strictly observe the safety rules regulated by SNiP III480 "Safety precautions." Scaffolds shall meet the established requirements in terms of strength and stability. Scaffold floorings are protected with railings not lower than 1 m high with a board. Loads on scaffolding shall not exceed 2500 N. 

Structures of load-gripping devices (grips, cases, pallets, containers, etc.) shall exclude the possibility of their spontaneous opening, overturning and falling out of materials. 

Above the entrances to the staircases, continuous canopies with a plan size of 2x2m are arranged. The height of each tier of walls shall be assigned so that the masonry level after each tier is at least two rows above the level of the working floor.

Thus, as a result of comparison of technical and economic indicators of selected versions of cranes, we conclude that option 1, which includes KS 53-63 crane, is more economical. We accept this option for the work.

Technical and economic indicators of the accepted version of cranes.

According to the work schedule, the duration of the installation work is 35 shifts, the labor costs for the installation of 1 ton of structures according to the calculation are 1.46 people per ton. Average productivity of installers at labour intensity 3212.7 chel.-h (or 400 chel.-shen.) 3345/400 = 8.36 t/chel.-shen. Machine hours costs per 1 t of structures 723.3/3345 = 0.21 mash.h/t.

Organizational and Construction Section

4.1 Construction network schedule.

Construction duration is determined according to SNiP 1.04.0385 "Standards of construction duration and backlog of construction enterprises, buildings and structures."

4.2 Construction Plot Plan

4.2.1 Calculation of temporary buildings of the construction site

 

Temporary buildings and structures are designed on the basis of the average number of workers and employees at the construction site

4.2.2. Calculation of temporary water supply

The calculation of water demand consists in determining the most strenuous period of construction from the point of view of water consumption. For this period, the water flow rate is determined and the appropriate water pipe diameter is selected.

The maximum water consumption falls on the period of plaster work, the construction of tile and mosaic floors.

Economic section

5.1 Local estimate No. 1

for civil works on the construction of a rehabilitation center for 315 people

Project safety and environmental friendliness

6.1 Identification and analysis of harmful and hazardous factors in the designed facility

During earthworks, it is possible to collapse the soil, fall workers into the pit, collapse of the eyebrow as a result of incorrect binding of earth-moving machines and mechanisms.

During stonework, it is possible to drop mortar, blocks and bricks, fall workers from forests, and injury due to the lack of personal protective equipment.

During installation works together with the factors mentioned above, it is dangerous to carry out other types of work simultaneously with installation.

During welding operations, there is a danger of electric current damage and poisoning with harmful gases, the possibility of burning burned materials, obtaining skin burns and damage to the cornea of the eye with ultraviolet radiation.

During finishing work, there is a danger of poisoning with harmful gases and vapors. When making external painting and finishing the facade, there is a danger of workers falling out of the cradles. Also, work with a manual power tool, as well as with pumping stations, the lack of personal protective equipment is a danger.

During roofing work, during surface cutting work, when sticking the waterproofing carpet, burns are possible if personal protective equipment is used incorrectly.

Common for all works - non-compliance with labor protection rules, as well as rules for the operation of construction machines.

6.1.2 Development of technological and technical solutions for elimination of harmful and hazardous factors .

The organization of the construction site, work areas and workplaces ensures labor safety at all stages of the work. All hazardous areas have signal barriers and signs, according to GOST 12.3.01687. Construction of the site fencing as per GOST 12.3.01687. Driveways, passageways have lighting in accordance with SNiP 4.0291.Sb.21. Collars and pits are closed with covers and fenced.

At the entrance to the site, a traffic scheme is installed. The entrances to the building are protected by a continuous canopy. Window openings are protected in accordance with GOST 12.3.01687.

Operation of construction machines is carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.2.06181 and GOST 12.3.03384. Warning signs are installed in the area of ​ ​ the machine. When using hand machines, they are guided by the requirements of GOST 12.2.007.1388.

Earthworks. Since there are no existing construction connections on the construction site, there is no fencing in the work. The soil removed from the pit is located at a distance of at least 0.5 meters from the brow. Develop soil from top to bottom. Loading of soil into the vehicle is carried out from the side. To raise and lower workers into the pit, ladders 0.6 meters wide with railings are used.

Stone works. To supply blocks and bricks, only tested pallets are used, which exclude the drop of piece material during lifting. Protective visors are installed over the perimeter of the building above the entrances. The first row is at an altitude of 6 meters.

Installation works. Simultaneous installation and other works are not allowed. Installation uses assembly inventory stairs. CIW production is not allowed at wind speed of 15 m/s and more, as well as at thunderstorms and fog. Signal communication is established between the driver and the crane and the foreman. People are not allowed under a mounted structure.

Loading and unloading works. The site for these works is planned and has a slope of no more than five degrees. The inscriptions "Entry," "exit," "Turn" and so on are installed. When moving cargo in containers and brittle materials, shocks and shocks must be avoided.

Electric welding works. They are performed in accordance with GOST 12.3.00386 *, GOST 12.3.03684. Places of welding operations are exempt from burned materials within a radius of at least five meters. welding apparatus has insulation and grounding.

Insulation works. When performing them, observe the requirements of GOST 12.3.04086. Bitumen mastic is delivered in metal barrels with a tight lid. The boiler for cooking shall meet the requirements of GOST 12.7.66481. Workers shall be provided with personal protective equipment as per GOST 12.4 .01189.

Roofing works. Admission of workers to perform works is allowed in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.3.04086. Workers are provided with belts as per GOST 12.3.04086.

Finishing works. Scaffolds used in plaster and painting works in places where there is a passage have flooring without gaps. During plaster works, two-way communication between the operator and the plaster station driver is provided.

During molar works it is necessary to follow the requirements of GOST 12.3.03584.

The equipment complies with GOST 12.2.00391, GOST 12.2.06181.

Electrical safety of machines is provided by GOST 12.1.00189, GOST 12.1.00684.

During the production of the CMR complex, the protective equipment meets the requirements of the workers as per GOST 12. 4.01189. All sanitary facilities are designed for workers. The facility specifically provides for the storage of medicines. All workers undergo training within the prescribed time frame.

Electrical safety is ensured in accordance with GOST 12.1.00180, fire safety - GOST 12.1.00485, environmental protection GOST 17.2.3.0278.

To ensure safety at the construction site, spotlights of security, public and local use are provided. Each type of spotlight is calculated on the computer and serves as the basis for designing artificial lighting of the construction site. The spotlights are packaged on the sheet of the construction plan located on the sheet of the graphic part.

6.1.3 Fire Safety

Fire resistance is one of the main characteristics of structures and is regulated by STB 11.0.0295, STB 11.4.0195.

Due to their massive and thermophysical properties, stone structures have good resistance to fire. In fire conditions, concretes have a high fire resistance, which withstand heating up to 9000C with almost no reduction in their density and no signs of destruction.

Reinforced concrete structures, due to their relatively small thermal conductivity, are quite well resistant to aggressive fire factors. However, they cannot infinitely 

resist the fire. Most often, fires arise due to violations of welding rules, the use of open fire to heat communications, smoking engines in forbidden places, short circuits in electrical wires. The main fire hazard is a burnt insulation, roll and roof materials.

At the construction site, fire extinguishing is provided by fire hydrants and water supply with a diameter of 100mm, as well as preventing the occurrence of fire by proper storage. Locations of fire hydrants are shown on the construction plan.

On the territory of the construction site there are water barrels, a fire shield, a box with sand, a fire extinguisher.

6.1.4 Environmental conditions and environmental friendliness of the project

During the period of construction and installation works by construction organizations, a number of environmental protection measures are carried out.

Cutting of vegetal soil is carried out to the entire length and depth of the fertile layer. The project provides sites for temporary storage of soil with further use of soil for improvement.

Construction garbage is collected in special containers and taken to landfill. The construction machines are checked for exhaust gas toxicity. Cement coming to the object is stored in a room preventing its spraying without violating the integrity of the package.

             Chlorine lime is treated with a period of once every three days of outboard latrines.

In accordance with GOST 17.4.2.0181 do not contaminate the soil with paints and lubricating materials. Special capacities are used for this purpose.

6.2 Calculation of searchlight

General uniform lighting with minimum illumination of 2 LoC is provided for lighting of the construction site.

For areas where normalized lighting levels are insufficient, general local lighting is provided in addition to general lighting.

Based on the assessment of the positive qualities and disadvantages of various types of light sources, GOST 12.1.04685 gives the following recommendations on the use of light sources.

- the height of the instrument installation is taken as maximum, if possible at the level of the roof of the building under construction;

- The requirements for limiting the blinding effect of the light source are to regulate the minimum permissible height of installation of the lighting device over the illuminated area, which is taken according to the calculation results depending on the intensity of the lamps and the required illumination;

- the distance between the floodlights shall not exceed four times the height of their installation;

the luminous flux should be directed in several directions, preferably in three, minimally in two.

6.4 Environmental Protection

To protect the environment, the following measures are provided for in the PPM:

- cut off vegetal layer of soil is stored in specially designated places for its subsequent use;

- removal of surface water from the construction site is organized through troughs to prevent erosion of the territory;

- green spaces, which are located on the construction site, are demolished only if they fall under the spot of development;

- to prevent dust and gas contamination of air, waste and garbage are transported only in closed trays and storage bins;

- all machines and mechanisms with internal combustion engines operating at the construction site shall be checked for exhaust gas toxicity;

- where possible, electrical mechanisms are used instead of mechanisms with internal combustion engines;

- Noise control provides for the prohibition of long-term idle operation of mechanisms.

Development of safety measures during operation of the facility

In the building, stairs have a fence one meter high. Natural lighting is provided on staircases in daylight, which is fully provided with light openings. In the dark, lighting by artificial light lamps is provided.

For garbage collection and disposal, metal tanks are installed at the utility site. Several main and service entrances are provided in the building. All this is provided for fire safety purposes there are two exits to the roof, as well as a metal staircase.

Calculation of artificial lighting of the construction site in the dark is carried out in accordance with SNB 4.0291 "Natural and artificial lighting." Installation of searchlights is provided along the fence and in places of storage of building materials and structures. Portable lamps are used to illuminate workplaces

Conclusion

The diploma project was developed on the topic: "Rehabilitation center for 315 people."

The selection of the site for construction is accepted taking into account engineering and geological conditions and ensuring the reliability of the building.

The project for the construction of the Rehabilitation Center for 315 people was developed in accordance with the current regulatory documents of the Republic of Belarus by a fifth-year student Derylov Denis Gennadyevich of the specialty "Industrial and Civil Construction" of Mogilev State Technical University. 

The project used materials and mechanisms that are most economical, environmentally safe and easy to install and process, which significantly reduced the time and cost of construction.

The project meets the requirements of environmental, sanitary, fire and other applicable norms and regulations, and ensures the safe operation of the facility for life and health of people.

The economic part is made in accordance with the prices of the current year.

The diploma project was completed in accordance with the regulatory construction documents of the Republic of  Belarus.