Diploma - Project of modernization of zone TR of the motor transportation site of CJSC Uralgazservis

Contents

INTRODUCTION

1. RESEARCH PART

1.1. General characteristics of the enterprise

1.2. Characteristics of rolling stock

1.3. Transportation process

1.4. Production and economic activity

1.5. M&R system

1.5. GBA Maintenance and Technical Base

1.7. Production buildings

1.8. Sources of energy supply

1.9. Storage of rolling stock

1.10. Conclusions

2. PROCESS PART

2.1. Basis of Design Input

2.2. TR Annual Scope Calculation

2.3. Process calculation of TR area

2.4. Calculation of production and storage areas of the TR area

2.5. Graphical layout of the production building

2.6. Conclusions and proposals

3. ORGANIZATIONAL PART

3.1. Organization of enterprise management

3.2. Organization of GBA repair process

3.3. Organization of labor of repair workers of TR zone

3.4. Conclusions and proposals

4. DESIGN PART

4.1. Purpose and brief technical characteristics of mobile manipulator for removal-installation and transportation of gas cylinders

4.2. Design calculation of the drive

4.3. Calculation of levers of vertical movement mechanism

4.4. Calculation of stop-bed welded joint

4.5. Calculation of angular lever

4.6. Calculation of screw-nut transmission

4.7. Conclusions and proposals

5. ENVIRONMENTAL PART

5.1. Justification of location of GBA TR post work area

5.2. Harmful and dangerous factors

5.3. Types of training on labor protection in the TR zone

5.4. Requirements to personnel of GBA TR post work area

5.5. Production operation mode

5.6. Organization of workplaces

5.7. Safety precautions for operation with process equipment

5.8. Meteorological conditions of TR station working area

5.9. Environmental protection

5.10. Conclusions and proposals

6. ECONOMIC PART

6.1. Cost effectiveness of introduction of mobile manipulator for removal and installation of gas cylinders into production of routine repair

6.2. Calculation of indicators of economic efficiency of technical re-equipment of TR zone

CONCLUSION

Literature

INTRODUCTION

1. RESEARCH PART

1.1. General characteristics of the enterprise

1.2. Characteristics of rolling stock

1.3. Transportation process

1.4. Production and economic activity

1.5. M&R system

1.5. GBA Maintenance and Technical Base

1.7. Production buildings

1.8. Sources of energy supply

1.9. Storage of rolling stock

1.10. Conclusions

2. PROCESS PART

2.1. Basis of Design Input

2.2. TR Annual Scope Calculation

2.3. Process calculation of TR area

2.4. Calculation of production and storage areas of the TR area

2.5. Graphical layout of the production building

2.6. Conclusions and proposals

3. ORGANIZATIONAL PART

3.1. Organization of enterprise management

3.2. Organization of GBA repair process

3.3. Organization of labor of repair workers of TR zone

3.4. Conclusions and proposals

4. DESIGN PART

4.1. Purpose and brief technical characteristics of mobile manipulator for removal-installation and transportation of gas cylinders

4.2. Design calculation of the drive

4.3. Calculation of levers of vertical movement mechanism

4.4. Calculation of stop-bed welded joint

4.5. Calculation of angular lever

4.6. Calculation of screw-nut transmission

4.7. Conclusions and proposals

5. ENVIRONMENTAL PART

5.1. Justification of location of GBA TR post work area

5.2. Harmful and dangerous factors

5.3. Types of training on labor protection in the TR zone

5.4. Requirements to personnel of GBA TR post work area

5.5. Production operation mode

5.6. Organization of workplaces

5.7. Safety precautions for operation with process equipment

5.8. Meteorological conditions of TR station working area

5.9. Environmental protection

5.10. Conclusions and proposals

6. ECONOMIC PART

6.1. Cost effectiveness of introduction of mobile manipulator for removal and installation of gas cylinders into production of routine repair

6.2. Calculation of indicators of economic efficiency of technical re-equipment of TR zone

CONCLUSION

Literature

Applications

Project Description

Development of the project of modernization of zone TR of the motor transportation site of CJSC Uralgazservis is directed to increase in production efficiency of maintenance of the cars using the liquefied oil gas.

The project consists of page of the explanatory note and sheets of the graphic part. The explanatory note consists of 6 main parts: research, technological, design, organizational, environmental and economic parts.

The following organizational, environmental and economic measures have been developed to increase the efficiency of the current repair:

establishing the conformity of the production and technical base with the requirements of the transport service to the level of operability of the fleet of cars;

replacing obsolete TR zone process equipment of liquefied petroleum gas vehicles with more advanced ones;

introduction of design development of the project - mobile manipulator for removal-installation and transportation of automobile gas cylinders for storage of liquefied petroleum gas;

reduction of negative impact on personnel and environment of production processes of post works of current repair of gas-balloon vehicles;

justification of economic feasibility of introduction in the motor transportation site of CJSC Uralgazservis of the actions for modernization of zone TR of gas-balloon cars developed organizational and technological.

Introduction

In order to ensure high-quality road transport, the rolling stock of road transport must have high reliability indicators, which is ensured, on the one hand, by the automotive industry through the production of cars of new designs with greater operational reliability and, on the other hand, means of technical operation of cars.

Technical operation of cars - a subsystem of road transport, which ensures the operability of the rolling stock and controls its technical condition. One of the main tasks of the technical operation of cars is to increase the operational reliability of the car, reduce the costs of maintaining the car, its maintenance and repair. The system of organization of the processes of maintenance and repair of rolling stock at motor transport enterprises should fully contribute to the more efficient use of the enterprise's production funds and ensure an increase in the level of technical readiness of the automobile fleet, an improvement in the quality of repair of rolling stock and a reduction in the cost of road transportation.

When operating vehicles with gas fuel, a number of additional tasks arise that are partially or completely solved by the ATU engineering and technical service: installation (conversion) of gas balloon equipment (GBO) for cars, adaptation of engines to a new type of fuel, organization of re-examination of automobile gas cylinders at specialized points; accessory of ATU production and technical base for maintenance, repair, storage of GBA and their filling with gaseous fuel; organization of maintenance and repair of GBA power supply systems; training and certification of personnel for operation of GBA maintenance and repair; regulatory and technological support of the listed works.

The growth of the list of the fleet of cars, its heterogeneity in age structure, the need for more complete use of labor resources, improving the quality of TR requires improving existing or developing new TR technological processes. One of the problems in the work of TR units is the predominance of manual labor, the presence of heavy, labor-intensive operations and unfavorable working conditions of performers. The reduction of labor work, the equipping of workplaces and posts with high-performance equipment should be considered as one of the main directions of technological progress in the creation and reconstruction of road transport enterprises. Therefore, even small technological improvements in the organization of repairs can have a noticeable technical and economic effect. This is ensured, as a rule, by a priority increase in capacity during the reconstruction and technical re-equipment of existing enterprises.

Technical re-equipment provides the ability to increase capacity in a shorter time and with the lowest cost of investment, than in new construction, elimination or reduction of losses and waste of working time, introduction of rational decisions and methods of work, correct selection and placement of personnel, increasing their moral and material interest in the results of their work, improving working conditions of workers, reducing the negative impact of road transport on the environment.

Research part

1.1. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ENTERPRISE

Motor transportation the site of Uralgazservis closed joint stock company it is located in the moderate and cold climatic area (with prevalence of wind of the northern direction), to the address: Perm Karpinsky St., 99, occupying the land plot of 2.1 hectares.

In 1973, the motor transport workshop of the Permoblgaz production association was allocated to an independent division - ATU PO Permoblgaz. Due to the privatization and incorporating ON Permoblgaz in 1992 ATU, was also privatized, and since 1995 according to "The decision of a meeting of shareholders CJSC Uralgazservis received the status of separate division of Society - the motor transportation site branch of CJSC Uralgazservis (further ATU).

According to the current legislation and "the Charter of CJSC Uralgazservis ATU carries out productive and economic activity, without being an independent legal entity. The management of ATU acts on behalf of the legal entity only by proxy of the Company. ATU, being a separate division of the Company, is located outside its location, performs part of the economic and commercial functions of the Company, including the functions of entrepreneurship, with the exception of foreign economic activity. ATU is endowed with the Company's property, which is recorded both on its separate balance sheet and on the Company's balance sheet.

ATU, as a structural unit, acting on the principles of self-calculation and self-financing, within the limits of the rights granted by the Company, realizing the obligations facing the Company, receives income from the following works and services:

Road maintenance of the Company, providing the Company's divisions located in Perm with vehicles for the delivery of personnel to the place of work, logistics supplies to storage sites, as well as performing preventive and emergency recovery work at gas supply facilities;

Road transport services for the population of Perm and the surrounding areas for the delivery of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) for household needs in cylinders, the removal of empty cylinders, and legal entities for the delivery of LPG both by cylinders (including the removal of empty cylinders) and tank cars.

services to legal entities and natural persons - owners of gas-balloon vehicles (GBA) for the conversion, maintenance, inspection and repair of gas-balloon equipment (GBO);

sale, maintenance and repair of motor vehicles,

trade and intermediation in the purchase, sale of consumer goods, production and technical products;

organizing and conducting interactions with other state bodies of mobilization training and civil defense;

performing other activities not prohibited by the Legislation of the Russian Federation.

ATU performs representative functions of the Company and realizes its interests in all state, judicial and other bodies located at its location.

ATU has licenses to carry out freight transportation by road within the Russian Federation, transport passengers by bus, transport dangerous goods by road.

1.5. GBA Maintenance and Technical Base

The organization of technical operation of the GBA is primarily associated with the improvement (adaptation) of the production and technical base of the existing ATU. The premises in which gas-balloon vehicles are located during maintenance and maintenance of all its systems, including gas-balloon equipment, as well as during its conversion, comply with the requirements of ONTP0191, VSN-01-89 and NPB 10495.

On the territory of the ATU operating cars in the CIS, the following special posts are organized.

Car conversion post. Installation of gas equipment is carried out directly in specialized areas, which are located in the production premises of ATU. The refurbishing personnel are specially trained and certified.

The refurbishment process includes the following main stages: preparation of the GBO set and the car for installation; installation of equipment directly on the vehicle; check of gas system tightness on the vehicle; shall be completed by adjustment work and documentation.

MBT tightness check post. Tightness check of the gas supply system of the GBA at the EO is carried out at the posts of the checkpoint (checkpoint) or at a special site and is carried out by the duty mechanic at the exit and return of the vehicle from the line (work). At the station, gas leakage is detected using a TIG1 type leak detector or by coating the compounds with soap foam. The obtained data is recorded in the track sheet.

Gas exhaust (accumulation) and degassing station of cylinders. The post is designed to ensure safe performance of works related to tightness violation, replacement and re-examination of cylinders, as well as welding and painting operations and storage of GBA in rooms that do not meet fire safety requirements.

The platform has dimensions ensuring the arrival of the largest rolling stock with a gap of at least 1 m on each side and is a travel area. In addition, the site is located from the buildings and structures of the ATU at a distance of at least 18 m.

In order to save gas fuel, a LPG storage station was created, produced from car cylinders. The post is designed to collect (accumulate) gas if it is necessary to release it from the cylinders of the car; for the use of accumulated gas for gas-balloon vehicles; for the use of accumulated gas for the technological needs of ATU (running of repaired engines, gas welding, heating of car engines in winter, etc.).

The gas storage station consists of three sections of automobile cylinders with a volume of 50 liters each, designed for an operating pressure of 19.6 MPa.

The first section consists of 4 cylinders connected to each other by means of pipelines and connected to a common gas pipeline. The section is designed to accumulate high-pressure gas and refuel the car with high-pressure gas.

The second section consists of 8 cylinders connected to each other by means of pipelines and connected to a common gas pipeline. The section is designed for accumulating medium-pressure gas and refueling the car.

The third section consists of 16 cylinders connected to each other by pipelines and located on a trolley. The section is designed to accumulate gas with low pressure and use it mainly for technological needs. This section can be used in stationary or mobile versions.

LPG is released into the gas cylinders (accumulators) of the section from the gas cylinders of the car due to the differential pressure in the cylinders of the car and the PAG sections. Filling of sections with gas is controlled by the appropriate pressure gauge. The gas supply is stopped after the pressure in the cylinders of the car and the refueling section is equalized. After the gas pressure in the section is equalized, the shut-off valves are closed and the gas outlet shut-off valve "to the plug" is opened.

Proposed station comprises cassette for storage of non-combustible gas cylinders (at least 2 cylinders). Degassing of car cylinders is carried out by supply of inert gas from cassette through reducer with output pressure of 0.30.4 MPa. Operating pressure for degassing of gas cylinders is 0.35 - 0.5 MPa.

The gas cylinder degassing station of the car has a warehouse for storing non-combustible gas cylinders with a reserve of 510 days of operation of the post.

Planning solution of gas storage station consists of two boxes arranged under common roof. The first box is designed to accommodate a car (road train) for LPG release (accumulation) and is made travel. The second box is designed to accommodate high and low pressure cylinders. Boxes are separated by partition.

GBA storage area. The open storage area of gas-balloon cars is equipped with a heating system, the design of which eliminates the heating of gas cylinders. It is allowed to store GBA together with cars running on gasoline and diesel fuel.

Specialized section for maintenance and maintenance of gas-balloon equipment. The premises in which the gas-balloon vehicle is located during maintenance and maintenance of all its systems, including gas-balloon equipment, comply with the requirements of ONTP0191, VSN-01-89 and NPB 10495.

Premises for maintenance and maintenance posts of gas-balloon cars are located in single-storey buildings of I, II, Ill and IV degree of fire resistance. Air control is carried out using special alarm systems up to explosive concentrations of gas-air mixtures. These systems, when reaching a gas concentration in the room in the amount of 20% of the lower explosion limit, provide: disconnection of all consumers of electricity in the room; actuation of emergency lighting, exhaust ventilation; sound and light signals.

Power supply to consumers of automatic control of air environment, emergency lighting and exhaust ventilation is made in explosion-proof version.

The maintenance section includes GBA maintenance posts and a post for gas equipment repair and adjustment. The site is located in the main production building in a separate, specially equipped room, isolated from other rooms by partitions (walls). The number of maintenance posts is calculated based on the production program for maintenance of gas equipment.

Cylinder inspection post. Organizations and enterprises having gas-balloon cars, in accordance with the "Rules for the construction and safe operation of pressure vessels," approved by the Gosgortekhnadzor of the Russian Federation. Car gas cylinders shall be inspected periodically.

LPG cylinders shall be inspected at specialized points in accordance with the approved Regulations. A permit (license, certificate) for the inspection of car cylinders for LPG was issued by local bodies of the State Gortekhnadzor of the Russian Federation and bodies accredited by the State Standard of the Russian Federation for certification of services to the population (OSU). There is a sample of the stigma (round shape 12 mm.), The imprint of which is registered with the local body of Gosgortekhnadzor.

The periodicity of inspection of car cylinders for LPG is established: alloy steel cylinders - once every 5 years; carbon steel cylinders - every 3 years; cylinders made of composite materials - from 2 to 5 years (installed by the developer and manufacturer of cylinders).

Persons who have undergone special training, passed exams on technical minimum, safety rules when working with pressure vessels and are appointed by order of the enterprise are allowed to work on inspection of LPG cylinders.

Cylinders are delivered to the point for inspection with adapters and valves, complete according to the models of cars from which they are removed, as well as with plugs on adapters that prevent moisture from entering the cylinders.

Unloading and acceptance of cylinders is carried out at the warehouse of the area, which is organized in the room and adjoins the production building.

In order to reduce the downtime of vehicles due to the absence of cylinders, work on the periodic inspection of cylinders at the point is carried out by an impersonal method, by replacing the delivered cylinders with re-examined according to GBA brands. For this, an exchange fund of cylinders in the form of three weeks' stock was created at the point. At the same time at the point there is an annual cylinder fund, conditionally called "repair" and designed to replace rejected cylinders during their re-examination.

Section for testing (pressure testing) of gas supply systems of GBA. Tests (pressure testing) of gas power supply systems of cars operating in LPG are carried out without fail: for cars converted into gas balloons; Vehicles which have changed cylinders as a result of the expiry of their inspection period; after maintenance and/or TR, if technical impacts resulted in loss of gas supply system tightness; for vehicles involved in a traffic accident and having failures related to the need to dismantle and subsequently install gas cylinders, connecting gas pipelines and shutoff valves.

When organizing the site for GBA tests, it is provided that the work related to checking the installed gas equipment on the car for tightness and conducting its subsequent (stepwise) pressure testing is carried out by compressed air. For these purposes, a compressor shop with compressor equipment providing a maximum working pressure of 1.6 MPa and a compressed air accumulator is provided for in the area.

When tested with compressed air, the cylinders of the car are completely freed from gas and degassed with non-combustible (inert) gas. After the compressed air test, the bottles of the vehicle shall be evacuated. Then serviceability of car engine on LPG is checked, engine idling is regulated using GBA operating instructions. In addition, CO and hydrocarbons in spark ignition engines are checked.

Tightness check of solenoid valves of gas and gasoline fuel systems is performed after engine operation respectively on gas or gasoline at movement of fuel type selector switch to neutral position. In case of valve tightness, the engine shall stop.

1.9. Storage of rolling stock

Storage of rolling stock is organized in closed heated parking lots. Closed parking lots are equipped with a through passage, which does not allow the occurrence of oncoming flows. Rolling stock installation is carried out by coaxial dead end method. In winter, the heating system allows you to maintain the air temperature up to + 100 C. This method of inter-exchange storage does not require additional work on the preparation of rolling stock during storage or before departure to the line. Safety precautions during manoeuvring in a closed riser, requirements for fire and labor protection measures are illuminated by the TBiDB engineer among the driver and production personnel in the form of periodic briefings and tests of TB knowledge. The design of ATU was carried out on the basis of 250 units of rolling stock. At the moment, the storage areas comply with the regulatory ones.

1.10. Conclusions

The ATU CJSC "UGS Firm" carries out transport work, inter-exchange storage, work on the EO, TO1, TO-2 and TR rolling stock. Measures are being taken to save fuel and lubricants, reduce the costs of maintenance and maintenance of rolling stock, introduce computer equipment to take into account material and technical values, dispatch documents. These measures are aimed at reducing the cost of transportation, which contributes to the improvement of technical and economic indicators of production and economic activity.

The variability and diversity of rolling stock makes it difficult to organize the production base and has a significant impact on the labor intensity of the technical support of the transport process. The accepted organization of the production of TOITR assumes the presence of a different-size fleet of rolling stock, which is due to the method of conducting TOITR - complex teams at universal posts. At the same time, the main share of the rolling stock is made up of cars with gas-balloon equipment, which makes it possible to adopt the aggregate-section method of TR production, i.e. to organize the GBA TR zone.

When analyzing production activities in the field of maintenance and maintenance, it was revealed that the work on TR, TO1, TO-2, TR is carried out within the established time frame and in full, but with the behavior of TR on the MBS of rolling stock, it is difficult due to the lack of conformity of the range of technological equipment to technologically compatible rolling stock.

The introduction of progressive technological equipment is aimed at increasing the inter-repair mileage of both HBO and car engines, improving working conditions of workers, reducing the harmful impact on the environment, increasing the level of mechanization of repair processes, reducing costs for its implementation.

Analyzing the reporting, it was revealed that the costs of process equipment for the repair of process equipment, materials and spare parts for it are increasing. One of the areas contributing to the reduction of costs under these items is the replacement of obsolete equipment.

Replacement of equipment with modern and more advanced is a prerequisite for qualitative performance of the scope of repair work, which can be achieved due to technical re-equipment of the GBA TR post work area.

During the technical re-equipment project of the TR zone, it is necessary to solve the following tasks: technological design of the site, development of a bench for removal and installation and transportation of automobile gas cylinders, development of provisions on labor and environmental protection, calculation of economic feasibility and efficiency of organizational and technical measures.

Organizational and technical measures to organize a universal GBA TR post will reduce the cost of spare parts, labor intensity of repair work, both in terms of rolling stock and technological equipment, which will reduce the cost of TR rolling stock and increase the economic efficiency of TR rolling stock ATU CJSC UGS Firm.

Process part 2.1. Basis of Design Data Justification

The project of technical re-equipment of PTB of a motor transport enterprise is carried out according to the design rules of industrial and industrial enterprises. Initial base for determination of volumes of organizational and technical actions for improvement of indicators of production economic activity of the motor transportation site branch of CJSC Uralgazservis (further ATU) is technological calculation.

To perform the technological calculation of the technical re-equipment project, the selection of initial data is determined by the necessary indicators of the operational and production activities of the ATU. The following initial data are required for calculation of production program and scope of works of current repair of rolling stock units of ATU:

types, brands, car models;

number of cars (according to TMP), Ai, pcs.;

average daily mileage (PES data), lcc, km;

time in the outfit (according to OOTiZ), Tn, h.;

days of work in a year (according to OOTiZ), Drg, days;

category of operating conditions.

2.1.3. Category of operating conditions

The work of the ATU rolling stock is carried out along urban (with a population of more than 100 thousand people) and suitable routes along roads with improved asphalt concrete and concrete paving on hilly terrain. In accordance with [12], we accept category III of operating conditions in a temperate-cold climatic area.

2.2. TR Annual Scope Calculation

To calculate the annual volume of TR (production program of repair works), resource and annual mileage, labor intensity of TR, correction factors are established taking into account the operating conditions of a specific PAT.

2.3.5. Selection of TR organization method

In road transport, the first attempts to comprehensively solve the issues of improving the organization and management of the ATU technical service were reflected in the aggregate section repair management system developed by NIIAT. The aggregate-section method of organization of production consists in the fact that all work on repair of the entire rolling stock of a motor transport enterprise is distributed among production areas, which are fully responsible for the quality and results of their work.

These areas are the main links of production. Each of the main production areas performs all maintenance work on one or several units (units, systems, mechanisms, devices) for all vehicles of the motor vehicle enterprise. The work assigned to the main production areas is carried out at the dead end maintenance and maintenance posts of cars. Operations of auxiliary production areas are carried out in workshops and partially at maintenance stations.

The TR unit-site method provides for careful consideration of all elements of the production process and consumption of spare parts and materials. The moral and material responsibility in this form of organization of production becomes completely concrete and undisputed. The aggregate-site method of the TR organization allows eliminating the depersonality of repair workers, increasing their responsibility for the quality of work performed, strengthening the specialization of performers, reducing the repeatability of repair effects, identifying the most rational TR modes of rolling stock, and introducing an effective system for accounting for the work of production sites.

The organization of car repair in a motor vehicle enterprise provides for the implementation of TR directly at the enterprise by one of two methods: aggregate or individual.

During the aggregate method of repair of cars, it is carried out by replacing faulty units (units) with serviceable ones, previously repaired or new ones from the revolving fund. Faulty units (units) after repair are transferred to the revolving fund.

The aggregate repair method reduces the downtime of cars in repair, since replacing faulty units and units with serviceable ones, as a rule, requires less time than dismantling and repair work carried out without depersonalizing the units and units.

In order to perform the repair by the aggregate method, it is necessary to have an infinite fund of revolving units (detected by static methods) that satisfies the daily need of the transport enterprise.

Reducing downtime in the current repair allows you to increase the technical readiness factor of the fleet, and therefore increase its productivity and reduce the cost of a unit of transport work. Therefore, as a rule, it is necessary to use the aggregate method when organizing maintenance of cars.

Regardless of the repair method, the entire scope of current repairs is divided into assembly or post works and production and workshop works. When organizing the technological process of disassembly and assembly work at maintenance posts, it is possible to use mainly two methods: universal and specialized posts.

The method of specialized posts is to perform repairs on several specialized posts, each of which is designed to perform a certain type of work. The organization of work according to this method makes it possible to specialize equipment, increase mechanization of the process and thereby improve the quality of work and productivity.

2.5. Graphical layout of the production building

The main production building is a two-span building. The height to the bottom of the projecting structure (truss) is 4.0 m. The enclosing structures are prefabricated panels. The building provides for ploughed metal gates with dimensions of 4.0x4.5 m. The coating is made of prefabricated reinforced concrete ribbed slabs (L = 18 m) on reinforced concrete trusses (L = 18 m with a column grid of 6x9 m.). The housing contains the TR zone, production areas, storage and household premises. The technological layout of the premises is made on the basis of previous calculations, which take into account the standards for the placement of technological equipment. The overall housing arrangement provides the process connection of the individual production areas and is shown in the 1:100 scale A1 drawing.

2.6. Conclusions and proposals

During the process calculation, the obtained results indicate that the organizational and technical measures of the technical re-equipment project contribute to the effective use of PTB elements. When using the possibility of combining professions, there is a reserve of production capacities of the TR zone, which means that it is possible to increase the load on repair production by providing services to third-party customers in order to generate additional income.

Organizational Part

3.4. Conclusions and proposals

The development of the scientific organization of labor in road transport is carried out in the areas of improving the forms of division and cooperation of labor, improving the organization and service of jobs, rationalizing methods and techniques of work, creating favorable working conditions, improving the planning of rationing and remuneration, improving the technical level of personnel, and developing labor activity and creative initiative of workers.

The main tasks of managers in these conditions are the organization and management of personnel, which, in the end, should lead to the achievement of the goals of the enterprise. At the same time, the organization provides the appropriate structures, regulates the relations between the workers and coordinates the processes necessary to fulfill the tasks; Management means the personal and specific impact on staff required for timely decision-making and successful implementation of plans. As a criterion for the success of work under this model, it is accepted to increase the effectiveness of the organization by improving its human resources.

Design Part

4.1 Terms of Reference

Automobile single-line lift relates to lifting and transportation equipment of garages and maintenance stations. Used for maintenance and maintenance of vehicles hung on a lift.

The technical assignment includes the improvement of the single-stage lift to reduce power consumption, the culture of production, the ability of the lift to move to any place in the current repair zone, where it is needed .

Sources of development: road transport, scientific and technical abstracts, rationalization proposals and inventions. 1987 (CBMTI) Moscow: Motor transport. RSFSR.

Stages and stages of development:

1. Technical proposal.

2. Development options and selection of the best option.

3. Sketch design.

4. Technical project.

5. Development of detailed documentation.

The hoist is rolled up from the side where necessary, thanks to the movable trolley, fixed and lifted to the required height provided in the technical characteristic of the hoist.

Environmental part

5.2. Harmful and dangerous factors

Technological processes of rolling stock maintenance production are connected with presence of industrial harmful and dangerous factors. According to GOST 12.0.00386. SSBT. "Hazardous and harmful production factors. Classification "and" rules on labor protection on the road transport P O2000195 SWEAT" when carrying out maintenance of knots of a power supply system of GBA the repairmen are subject to influence of the following vrednost and dangers: moving cars and mechanisms, mobile parts of processing equipment, defeat by electric current; insufficient natural lighting, deviation of the illumination indicators of the working area from the normative ones; increased dust content and deviation of parameters of mobility, humidity and air temperature of the working zone from normative, aggressive and toxic substances - vapors of oils and fuels of oil origin, fire hazard.

5.3. Types of training on labor protection in the TR zone

Occupational safety in road transport enterprises is understood as a system of legislative acts and related measures aimed at preserving the health and efficiency of employees of motor transport enterprises.

To ensure safe working conditions at the industrial enterprise in accordance with GOST 12. 0.00479, TOI-R-200-03-95; GOST 12.0.00386. SSBT "Hazardous and harmful production factors. Classification "and" Rules on labor protection in road transport POT R O2000195 "adopted a system of instructions that each employee of the enterprise passes.

Training on occupational safety must take place within the time limits established for certain types of work and professions (parts 1, 2, 3 of article 12 of the Labour Protection Legislation Framework). The Occupational Safety Service of the enterprise (item 3.143.17 of the Recommendations of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation of 30.01.95) takes part in instructing and checking knowledge on labor protection.

Types of instruction and procedure of their carrying out are established by GOST 12.0.00490. The rules for training and testing of knowledge established by this act apply in all enterprises, institutions, organizations. In accordance with this act, the following types of instruction are usually carried out: introductory - upon admission to work; primary - at the workplace; planned - periodically within the specified time frame; unscheduled (current) - in case of change of process or equipment, in case of violation of rules on labor protection and industrial sanitation; target - when involving one-time work related to the elimination of the consequences of natural disasters and accidents, i.e. when temporarily transferred to another job in case of production need (Article 212 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).

In order to improve preventive work to further reduce industrial injuries, improve industrial discipline and increase the responsibility of all employees for the state of labor protection, three-stage control is carried out.

5.4. Requirements to personnel of GBA TR post work area

When adapting an existing ATU for the operation of gas-balloon cars, all requirements for gasoline and/or diesel-fueled vehicles maintenance enterprises must be met. During repair works of the GBA, the technical personnel must fulfill the following requirements: check the serviceability of tools and equipment before starting work, turn on ventilation; repair the gas equipment on the vehicle only if there is no gas pressure in the gas pipelines; perform adjustment of crankshaft speed at idle, perform all other operations at non-operating engine; perform work on removal and installation of gas equipment with special tools; perform welding, painting work (including hot drying), as well as work with electric rail, abrasive materials, etc. giving spark, only in the absence of gas in the cylinders.

Admission to work of persons who have not received training, instruction and knowledge of labor protection rules, norms and instructions in accordance with the established procedure is prohibited. In order to avoid emergency situations, it is forbidden for technical personnel to start the engine in case of gas leakage; discharge gas from the bottle outside the installed place; remove and repair the equipment if there is gas in it; use a non-standard and faulty tool; check the tightness of the connections with a flame; use additional levers when opening and closing valves; clean the paint and paint the gas-filled cylinders; use oiled hoses, twisted and flattened rubber tubes.

If gas leaks occur on the vehicle located in the room, it must be towed to the street, and the room must be ventilated. Upon completion of gas equipment repair, the car is sent to common stations for further maintenance and maintenance of the car as a whole.

5.5. Production operation mode

The operating mode of production according to the recommendations of ONTP 0191: five day working weeks, with one shift per day, lasting 8.2 hours, the number of working days in the year 255. The annual time fund of the 1st production worker in work with normal working conditions is 1820 hours.

In accordance with article 21 of the Labour Code, the normal working hours of workers and employees of enterprises do not exceed 41 hours per week. The total monthly recording of working hours is established by the enterprise administration. The regime of work and rest of workers is established in accordance with the current legislation, taking into account the peculiarities of production.

The break start and end time is determined by the internal labor regulations. Employees are provided with breaks for rest and eating of not more than 2 hours and not less than 30 minutes - a time that is not included in working hours (TK RF art. 108).

5.6. Organization of workplaces

The placement of production equipment meets the requirements of the existing regulatory legal acts, intersectoral rules for labor protection in road transport (from 12.05.2003 No. 28, p. 21.12) and ensures the sequence of operations of the technological process. Placement of production equipment, raw materials, blanks, parts, units, finished products, production wastes and containers in production premises and at workplaces does not pose a danger to personnel.

Distances between equipment units, as well as between equipment and walls of production buildings, structures and premises comply with the requirements of the current standards of technological design, construction codes and regulations. The width of the passage at the TR posts is set depending on the dimensions of the vehicles and adopted in accordance with the current regulatory legal act (ONTP0191, annex 4.5). Ways of transportation of material, parts, assemblies and assemblies as soon as possible, excluding oncoming and intersecting cargo flows.

The width of the main passages at the workplace is determined taking into account the dimensions of the repaired units and processed products. Auxiliary equipment is located so that it does not go beyond the site installed for the workplace. Materials, parts, units, finished products at the workplace are laid on the racks in a way that ensures their stability and ease of grasping when using lifting mechanisms.

Employees of these types of works are directly responsible for the procedure at workplaces. During the shift, when necessary or after the completion of a particular type of work at the workplace, order is brought. Order can also be induced during technological breaks. Workplaces provide ease of work, freedom of movement, minimum physical stress and safe high-performance working conditions.

5.7. Safety precautions for operation with process equipment

The system of organizational and technical measures and means to prevent industrial injuries is defined as safety.

By order of the head of the enterprise at workplaces, responsible persons are appointed for safety and correct operation of various equipment. Responsible persons for safety precautions conduct classes with workers on training in safe methods of work, conduct initial briefings at the workplace, monitor the technical condition of machines, mechanisms and equipment, the presence and serviceability of protective equipment, fences, safety devices, and the sanitary condition of the premises.

Employees engaged in operation, maintenance and repair of vehicles, as well as other employees of the enterprise undergo safety training and training, certification or verification of knowledge of industrial safety rules in accordance with GOST 12.0.00490 "Organization of labor safety training. General Provisions "and" Regulations on Occupational Safety in Road Transport PET P O2000195. "

5.7.1. Requirements for Tools and Tooling

The tools used and organization of the work are in compliance with the requirements of the regulatory documents, specifications and requirements of the "Intersectoral Rules for Labor Protection in Road Transport."

Hand tools (hammers, teeth, piercers, etc.) must not have damage on the working surfaces (potholes, chips); on the side faces in places where their hand clamps burrs, burrs and sharp ribs; on the surface of tools handles of burrs and cracks, the surface must be smooth; reversed work surface.

The length of the tooth should be at least 150 mm, and the length of the beard, core - no more than 150 mm. Hammers and sledgehammers must be securely fitted on wooden handles and pinned with metal wedges, and fillers and sledgehammers must have wooden handles with metal rings at the ends. Do not use faulty devices and tools. Before starting work, the employee should check all tools that are defective and should be replaced.

To carry tools, if required under working conditions, the worker is given a bag or a light portable box, or a special mobile trolley.

Milestones for locksmith work have a rigid and durable structure, are adapted to the growth of those working with the help of supports for them or leg supports. When working on an asphalt or concrete floor, wooden grates are located near the crossbar to prevent colds. The distance between the verses is taken depending on their overall dimensions and location in accordance with the current regulatory legal act.

When working on a ceramic or concrete floor, wooden grates are located near the crossbar to prevent colds. The distance between the verses is taken depending on their overall dimensions and location in accordance with the current regulatory legal act.

5.7.2. Protection of moving parts of stands and mechanisms

To protect the workers from possible mechanical injury, the moving parts of the machine, stands and their mechanisms are equipped with protective devices in accordance with GOST 12.2.00374, 12.2.00974. Only the persons to whom they are attached are allowed to work on machines and stands.

Transfer and drive mechanisms are arranged in benches, machine tools or enclosed by safety devices. In cases where the actuators or moving parts of the equipment cannot be protected or equipped with other means of protection due to their functional purpose, an alarm is provided to warn about the start of the equipment, devices for stopping and disconnecting from energy sources. If it is impossible to use the protective device on machine tools, workers will be given safety glasses issued by the employer.

5.7.3. Electrical safety

To reduce and prevent electrotraumatism, the enterprise takes measures to ensure compliance with electrical safety requirements. According to GOST 12.1.01979 SSBT "Electrical safety. General requirements, "electrical safety is provided by the design of electrical installations, technical methods and protective equipment, organizational and technical measures.

Technical methods and means of protection include systems of protective grounding, protective disconnection, including safety signs and warning posters and inscriptions.

One of the main measures for electrical safety is the use of reduced voltages. Portable lighting devices used during repair have a voltage of 36 V.

The electrical tools are stored in the tool, and are issued to the worker only after preliminary inspection together with protective devices: rubber gloves, mats, dielectric gauges, etc., the test terms of which are given in GOST 12.4.0262001.

To draw the attention of employees to the immediate danger, prescriptions and permission of certain actions in order to ensure safety, as well as the necessary information, signal colors and safety signs regulated by GOST 12.4.02676 are used.

All electrical equipment has reliable protective grounding or grounding in accordance with the requirements of the current regulatory legal act (Intersectoral Rules for Labor Protection in Road Transport on June 30, 2003). Control devices check the state of insulation of wires, protective grounding of electrical tools and portable electric lamps in accordance with the current regulatory legal acts (intersectoral rules for labor protection in road transport) by specially allocated electricians (qualification group not lower than III) at least once every 6 months; The check result is recorded in the log.

5.7.4. Fire safety

In accordance with NPB 105 95 "Determination of categories of rooms and buildings by fire hazard," the designed production belongs to the IIm fire hazard class, category B1a (explosion and fire hazard). According to the smoke-forming capacity, according to GOST 12.1.044.95, the existing building belongs to the group D2 (with moderate smoke-forming capacity). According to the toxicity of combustion products according to GOST 12.1.044.95, the room belongs to group T3 (highly dangerous).

In accordance with the current legislation, responsibility for the fire condition of sections, warehouses, administrative buildings and for the timely implementation of fire prevention measures is assigned to the heads of these facilities.

To localize and eliminate small fires and fires in the initial stage of their development, the wrapping area is provided with a powder fire extinguisher OP (3) 50, fire equipment (fire buckets, asbestos fabric, a box with sand, fire shields and stands) and a fire tool (crimps, crowns, axes, etc.). Fire extinguishing equipment is painted in colors in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.4.02601 "Signal colors and safety signs" and meets the requirements of GOST 12.4.00983 "Fire equipment for protecting objects." The sand box has a capacity of 0.5m3 and is equipped with a shovel according to GOST 1959687.

On the door of fire cabinets, on fire departments, stands, sand boxes, the phone number of the nearest fire department is indicated. Also on the site posted a poster of escape routes in a fire. To ensure emergency evacuation in the event of a fire or natural disaster, it is forbidden to clutter the entrance gates and entrances to the work area. The corresponding "EXIT" inscriptions are installed above the outlets.

5.8. Meteorological conditions of TR station working area

Meteorological conditions, or microclimate, in production rooms - the climate of the internal environment of these rooms is determined by combinations of the following parameters acting on the human body: air temperature t (° C); relative humidity (%); the speed of air movement at the workplace V (m/s), which have a significant effect on the state of the human body.

In addition to these parameters, which are basic, it is necessary to take into account the atmospheric pressure Ratm, which affects the partial pressure of the main air components (oxygen and nitrogen), and therefore the respiration process.

TR post works are characterized by IIb category works, i.e. of moderate gravity at operating power consumption of 232293 J/s. Depending on the average daily ambient air temperature according to GOST 12.1.00588, the following optimal parameters of the microclimate of the working zone of the post for the warm period of the year are established for this category of work: temperature 1719 0С; relative humidity 6040%; air speed is not more than 0.3 m/s. Permissible norms of microclimate indices of the TR post working zone in cold and transitional periods of the year: temperature 1521 0С; relative humidity 75%; air speed is not more than 0.4 m/s.

The creation of optimal meteorological conditions in production premises is a difficult task, which must be solved through the application of the following measures and means.

Improvement of technological processes and equipment. The introduction of technologies and equipment that are not related to the need to carry out work in conditions of intensive heating will make it possible to reduce the release of heat to the production premises.

Rational placement of technological equipment. The main heat sources are located directly under the aeration lamp and near the external walls of the building in one row at distances that ensure not to allow the crossing of heat flows from them at workplaces.

Use of personal protective equipment. Of great importance for the prevention of overheating or supercooling of the body are individual means of protection, as which special clothes are used. Workwear is used to protect the working body from adverse factors of the production environment and in particular provides normal thermal regulation of the body.

Rational ventilation, heating and air conditioning, which are the most common ways to normalize the microclimate in production premises.

5.8.1. Provision of workwear, protective equipment

Workwear is used to protect the working body from adverse factors of the production environment and meets the following requirements: protects against harmful production factors, ensures normal thermal regulation of the body, clean well from pollution, etc.

Workwear has both protective ability and retains such hygienic properties as hygroscopicity, air permeability, etc. If in one form of clothing it is difficult to combine all these properties, then it is mandatory to provide protective properties, and the absence or insufficiency of hygienic properties is compensated by coating. To protect against dust and vapors, special clothing from atlas weave fabric of the Moleskin type is used overalls with ties on the hands and ankles.

Employees are provided with special suits, gloves, rubber boots, respiratory and protective glasses in accordance with the current regulatory legal act (item 11 of the MoE on labor protection in road transport).

The procedure for recording, issuing, storing special clothes, special shoes and other PPE and their care is regulated by the current regulatory legal act (clause 11.5 of the MoE on labor protection in road transport). Washing and chemical cleaning of special clothes is carried out by the enterprise at its expense according to the schedule at least once every 10 days, established taking into account production conditions, in agreement with local SES authorities. At this time, employees are given replacement kits.

5.9. Environmental protection

The solution of environmental problems at the federal level is regulated by about 20 laws of the Russian Federation. With regard to the operation of motor vehicles, the most important are the Laws of the Russian Federation "On Environmental Protection," "On Atmospheric Air Protection" and "On Production and Consumption Waste." In accordance with these laws, the organization of the processing and disposal of waste from the operation of motor vehicles is entrusted to the subjects of the Federation.

In accordance with the Law of the Russian Federation "On Waste of Production and Consumption," the obligation to pay the costs of recycling and destruction of waste is assigned to the owner of the waste. The Laws of the Russian Federation "On Environmental Protection," "On Atmospheric Air Protection" and "On Production and Consumption Wastes" establish sanctions for violation of waste management rules. All of the above is a sufficient basis for solving the problem of waste of a road transport enterprise.

A correct and competent approach to nature protection leads to an improvement in the quality of work performed, a reduction in costs and, above all, allows to reduce the negative impact on human health and the environment.

5.10. Conclusions and proposals

The state and improvement of technical operation of vehicles at the ATU level has a direct impact on the environmental safety of production processes, both for personnel and for the environment.

Reduction and prevention of harmful and hazardous factors affecting the employees of the enterprise is achieved by fulfilling the requirements to the technological processes of ongoing repair work, production buildings, premises and technological equipment. One of the ways to improve the environmental friendliness of production is to ensure optimal (comfortable) working conditions under which the highest working capacity and well-being of workers take place. The microclimate of production premises, affecting mainly the thermal state of the human body and its heat exchange with the environment, has a significant impact on the working capacity, labor productivity and injuries of workers.

At ATU, cars are stored, maintenance and maintenance, their operability is restored and the main part of production waste is accumulated. The organization of production, the applied technologies, the quality of TOITR ultimately determine the technical condition, and therefore the amount of emissions of harmful substances from the production activities of ATU. For environmental work, it is advisable to create an environmental group in the ATS as part of the production and technical department.

Conclusion

The project of modernization of zone TR is carried out on the basis of indicators of operational and production activity of the motor transportation site of CJSC Uralgazservis.

Repair of gas-balloon vehicles on more productive process equipment contributes to the reduction of the annual volume of TR works by 3065.34 people. The introduced process equipment allows to reduce the cost of TR rolling stock works from 308.64 to 289.66 RUR/hr. Organizational and technical measures require 2 million 90 thousand rubles of capital investments, and a decrease in the cost of conducting TR allows you to get an annual saving of 505.73 thousand rubles, recoup the cost of technical re-equipment for 4 years with an annual economic effect of 192.33 thousand rubles.

The analysis of the received results shows that carrying out modernization of a zone of maintenance of the motor transportation site of CJSC Uralgazservis is expedient and economic, allows to increase efficiency of TR due to performance of repair work of gas-balloon cars on more productive processing equipment.