Diagnostics of traction motor TL-2K

The electric rolling stock of railways is the most important component of railway transport in all countries. The efficiency of the electric rolling stock largely determines the efficiency of the entire railway transport system. The most important element of the electric rolling stock is its traction motors (TED). As follows from numerous studies, traction motors are one of the structural elements of the electric rolling stock, limiting the operational reliability of the latter. Therefore, the problem of improving the reliability of traction motors, which largely determines the reliability of the electric rolling stock, is currently relevant. Traction motors fail due to various faults and defects. One of the most common varieties of TED damage is the violation of normal switching and the occurrence of "round fire on the collector." As is known, among the various reasons that can cause this damage to the engine during operation, one of the most powerful reasons for the occurrence of "circular lights" is the inaccurate installation of traction motor brushes on neutrals. In addition to the deterioration of switching conditions, the shift of the brushes from neutral causes a discrepancy in the electromechanical characteristics of individual traction motors of the electric locomotive. This leads to uneven current load of individual motors, which ultimately reduces the traction capabilities of the electric locomotive. In addition, the current overload of the traction motor is another provoking factor in the occurrence of "circular lights." Uneven distribution of current of traction motors can cause incorrect operation of modern automatic control systems of electric rolling stock [6]. The traction motor "TL-2K" is installed on electric locomotives of the VL series, designed for individual drive of a wheel pair. Torque is transmitted to the axle by means of a hinge clutch. DC motors with serial excitation, 6-pole with additional poles. The engines have independent ventilation. Traction motors convert electric energy coming from contact network into mechanical work, which is spent on overcoming all forces of resistance to train movement and force of its inertia at accelerated movement. Model of traction DC motor of electric rolling stock as object of diagnostics includes electric insulation structure, collector-brush apparatus and mechanical part. Therefore, the failures of traction motors are of different nature and can occur due to: breakdown of insulation and interturn faults of the armature windings; breakdown of insulation and turn-to-turn circuits of windings of main and additional poles; breakdown of compensation winding insulation; damage of pole coil leads; damages of output cables, melting of solder from header cockles; destruction of anchor bands; damage of anchor bearings; damage of fingers, brackets and brush holders; circular lamp by manifold [11]. The design of the traction engine should provide a high degree of use of active and structural materials of the machine. All electric motor units and parts are designed for high mechanical strength under dynamic loads during electric locomotive movement [13]. Design features and main faults, diagnostics and diagnostics of the traction motor TL-2K were considered in this course design.