Desky kindergarten - fire fighting system

General provisions

In accordance with NPB 11003, the project provides for the equipment of premises, MDOU kindergarten No. 3, located at the address: Asha, st. Kirov, d. 55, with automatic fire alarm and fire warning for timely detection of a fire and the issuance of a signal about its occurrence.

The object is an existing, two-story without a basement, a total (protected) area of ​ ​ 901.8 m2 (689.7 m2), brick walls, floors are made of reinforced concrete slabs. Ventilation is natural. Layout and explication of rooms are specified in this project. Kindergarten is designed for 105 places.

Smoke fire detectors of type IP 21241M are installed in the premises of the facility. In kitchen, thermal fire announcers of IP1033A21M are established, on an escape route tame fire International Party of Russia-I announcers according to NPB 11003 are established. Fire detectors are installed taking into account the location of floor slabs and lamps.

Loops are made with KSPV 2x0.5 cable and are connected to "VERSPK16" instrument installed in the room with round-the-clock stay of duty personnel.

Power supply of the device is provided by a cable that does not propagate combustion of IWGng 3x1.5 type to the channel cable from 0.4 kV panel through a separate automatic circuit breaker, refer to PUE.

According to NPB 10403, the II type of warning and evacuation control system (EMMS) of people about fire is adopted.

The following audible warning system is used for fire warning:

- the sound OOPZ12 annunciators which are switched on from the command impulse formed by automatic installation of the fire alarm according to item 3.3 NPB 10403;

- light warning includes "Exit" light display, which are installed above the exits intended for evacuation of people.

Warning lines are made by a wire that does not propagate burning of 1x0.75 RVAC type and are laid hidden in metal ducts according to NPB 10403 p.3.9.

All used equipment and devices - factory-made, have the corresponding certificate.

Organization of AUPS and warning of people about fire

The automatic fire alarm system is designed to detect fire, process, and provide alarm and alert people when a fire occurs.

Automatic fire alarm installation is equipped with all premises of the facility, except for the rooms:

- with wet processes (showers, bathrooms, cooling chambers, washing rooms, etc.);

- ventilation chambers (plenum, as well as exhaust, not servicing production rooms of category A or B), pump water supply stations, boiler and other rooms for engineering equipment of the building, in which there are no combustible materials;

- premises of category B4 and D by fire hazard;

- staircases.

When selecting fire detectors, environmental conditions, peculiarities of technological processes, probability of fire occurrence and dynamics of its development are taken into account. The number of alerts provided by this project, their arrangement and power provide the necessary audibility in all places of permanent or temporary stay of people. Alerts are different in tone from other destinations.

Principle of plant operation

When fire detectors are activated on the receiving equipment, an audible and light alarm is activated with the indication of the loop number in which the triggered detector is included.

In case of damage of trunks or loops with fire detectors (break, short circuit) on receiving equipment sound and light signal with indication of damaged loopback (trunk) are turned on.

A detailed description of the principle of operation of the receiving equipment and individual elements included in the installation is given in the technical documentation of the manufacturers.

Installation of AUPS wiring

Route cables and wires according to the design. Cables shall be laid in niches and in cable channels. When laying cables at the points of rotation at an angle close to 90 degrees, the bend radius must be at least seven cable diameters. Wiring passing through rooms that are not protected shall be protected by a metal pipe.

Electrical wiring shall be laid on walls inside guarded premises at a distance of not less than 0.1 meters from the ceiling, and, as a rule, at a height of not less than 2.2 meters from the floor level.

When laying wiring at a height of less than 2.2 meters from the floor level, protect them

from mechanical damage by plastic box.

At the intersection of wiring with pipelines, the distance between them in the light must be at least 50 mm, and with pipelines containing combustible or flammable liquids or gases - at least 100 mm. If the distance from the wiring to the pipelines is less than 250 mm, protect the wiring from mechanical damage by the plastic box at a length of not less than 250 mm in each direction from the pipeline.

In case of parallel laying the distance from wiring to pipelines shall be not less than 10 mm, and to pipelines with combustible or flammable liquids or gases - not less than 400 mm. Wiring passes through non-burning walls (partitions) shall be made in sections of PVC pipes, and through burned ones - in sections of steel pipes. The gaps between the wiring elements and the pipe should be sealed with an easily removable mass of non-combustible material. Sealing should be done on each side of the pipe.

In case of open parallel laying of AUPS wiring and electrical wiring or lighting, the distance between them must be not less than 25 cm to a single one and not less than 50 cm to a group of cables (wires) of electric wiring or lighting.

Attach wiring elements with nails, clips or braces at inputs to devices and boxes at a distance of 50-100 mm from them.

Connections and branches of electrical wiring elements shall be made in boxes or inside electrical installation article housings by soldering or by means of screws (use of screw connections in places with high humidity is not allowed). Conductor stock shall be provided at the wire connection points to allow re-connection.

Conductors shall not experience mechanical forces at connection and branch points. Connection and branch points shall be accessible for inspection and repair.

The switching boxes shall be installed in places defined by the project on the wall at a height of not less than 2.2 meters from the floor level and not closer than 0.1 meters from the ceiling.

Distance from wiring to places of open placement of combustible materials shall not be less than 0.6 meters.

When performing hidden wiring in intermediate floors, lay wiring elements in metal pipes.

When installing wiring, it is forbidden: to combine low-current and high-current wiring in one pipe (box), seal sections of cables with paper, use wooden plinths and frames.

In case of parallel routing of alarm cables, the horizontal distance in the light between them and other cables shall be at least: 500 mm to power cables with voltage up to 10 kV, 100 mm to communication cables.

Distance from wiring cables to places where combustible materials are open shall be not less than 1 m. Wiring in protective pipes and ducts shall be laid:

The boxes used shall normally have removable or openable covers. The wires and cables in the ducts must be laid freely without tension, multilayer laying with ordering and arbitrary (placer) mutual arrangement is allowed. Total section of electrical wiring elements (including insulation) shall not exceed 40% of the duct section in the light. Attachment of the box to construction structures shall be made with clamps or screws, with distances between them not more than 1.0 meters. Attach the box so that the accumulation of moisture in them is excluded. Connect the ducts to each other with special adapters or splitters.

The steel pipes used shall have an internal surface that prevents damage to the insulation of the wiring elements when they are tightened into the pipe and anticorrosive coating of the external surface. Wiring elements in pipes shall be laid freely without tension, their total section (taking into account insulation) shall not exceed 20% of the pipe section.

The pipes shall be fastened with clamps or clamps so that their free movement is possible during linear expansion or compression, from changes in ambient temperature and moisture accumulation is prevented.

The distance between pipe attachment points is not more than 2.5 meters. Attach pipes on support structures at a distance from the input: in instruments - no further than 0.8 meters, in junction and extension boxes - no further than 0.3 meters, in flexible metal hoses - 0.5 meters. Steel pipes shall not be directly attached to process pipelines or welded directly to various structures.

PVC pipes used shall have an internal surface that prevents damage to the insulation of wires when tightened into the pipe. Wires and cables in pipes shall be laid freely without tension, their total section shall not exceed 20% of the pipe section.

Pipes are laid on non-combustible or difficult to burn surfaces. The pipes shall be fixed so that they can be moved freely by linear expansion or compression, from the change in ambient temperature. The distance between pipe attachment points is not more than 1.0 meters. Attach pipes with clamps, straps or clamps.

Placement and installation of test equipment

Control and control panels provided for by the project, backup power supplies, to be installed in the place specified by the project, at a height convenient for maintenance (but within 0.81.5 m from the floor level and not closer than 0.1 m from the ceiling), at a distance of not less than 1 m from heating systems and not closer than 50 mm from other equipment.

PPKOP shall be installed on structures with zero limit of fire propagation. It is permitted to install said equipment on a structure made of combustible material protected by a metal sheet with a thickness of not less than 1 mm or other sheet non-combustible material with a thickness of not less than 10 mm. In this case, the sheet material must protrude beyond the contours of the equipment installed on it by at least 100 mm.

Splitting boxes and boxes from instruments shall be installed on the wall, at a height of not less than 2.2 m from the floor level and not closer than 0.1 m from the ceiling.

Arrangement and installation of voice (sound) annunciators

Voice (sound) annunciators shall be installed in the places defined by the design on the wall at a height of not less than 2.3 m from the floor level and not closer than 0.15 m from the ceiling. Alerts must not have volume controls and must be connected to the alert network without detachable devices.

Arrangement and installation of light annunciators

Light annunciators - "Exit" indicators shall be installed in places defined by the project, above evacuation exits (or on the side, in the immediate vicinity of evacuation exits) at an altitude of 2.3 m from the floor level and not closer than 0.15 m from the ceiling.

Location and installation of fire detectors

Smoke fire detectors, to be installed in places defined by the design at a distance of not more than 4.5 m from the wall and not more than 9 m between them, depending on the height of the room.

Heat fire detectors shall be installed in places defined by the design at room height up to 6 m - at a distance of not more than 2 m from the wall and not more than 4.5 m between them.

Fire detectors shall be installed in each ceiling compartment with a width of more than 0.75 m, limited by building structures (beams, runs, plate ribs, etc.) protruding from the ceiling by 0.4 m or more.

If the detector is installed on building structures projecting from the ceiling, the distance from the ceiling to the detector (including its dimensions) shall not exceed 0.3 m.

In places where there is a risk of mechanical damage to the detector, provide a protective structure that does not disturb the operability of the detector.

The distance from the detector to the ventilation hole of the plenum or exhaust ventilation shall be at least 1.0 m.

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