Designing a village with 4000 inhabitants

Contents

Introduction

1. Master Plan

2. Architectural and planning solution

3. Technical and economic indicators, calculation of population, territory, number of plots and service facilities

4. Gardening

Conclusion

List of sources used

Introduction

The village is a small settlement in Kazakhstan. The village is one of the types of rural settlements. By rural settlement means any settlement located outside the city. In different countries, there are different criteria for cities and villages, of which the population is most often used. Also a frequent criterion is the nature of the activities of people living in the village. A characteristic feature of any rural settlements is the low level of development of the service sector, infrastructure support, the lack of modern benefits of civilization, the small population and area of ​ ​ the settlement and the predominance of one-story or two-story development.

The functions of cities and rural settlements are also very different. For rural settlements, the most common activity is agriculture, and for cities - industry, construction and services. This designed village has a type of activity in agriculture. Agriculture is one of the most important branches of the national economy as it is the main supplier of food.

The task of this project is to propose the planning and development of the village, taking into account the actual urban planning standards, natural and climatic characteristics of the selected site. To select analogues according to the principles of building formation, planning structure, functional zoning, construction of public service systems, landscaping.

This course work is intended for familiarization of concepts, essence and task of designing small settlements. Be able to correctly execute the GP drawings of the designed small settlement with the necessary inscriptions, dimensions and elevations. Apply knowledge, understanding and methods of realization of knowledge in the design and graphic model in accordance with modern socio-economic, scientific, technical and architectural and artistic requirements. Consolidate knowledge and use of scientific and technical information according to SNiP and GOST.

Master Plan

The designed village for 4000 inhabitants is located in Pavlodar region. Located in the southeastern part of Pavlodar, near the village of Kenzhekol. Villages with an area of ​ ​ 386.50 ha. The relief on the site is relatively flat. The site is free from development. There are no geological and engineering processes that negatively affect the construction and operation of the gas pipeline.

The climate of the designed village is sharply continental, characterized by cold long winters (5.5 months), hot and short summers (3 months).

The average annual temperatures within the region are 130C, in the north 00C, in the middle part 1.80C, and in the south 2.60C. The average monthly temperature of the warmest month - July ranges from 190C to 21.30C. It is not uncommon when in the summer months the heat reaches 400C and above.

The average temperature of the coldest month-January varies in the region from 170C to 18.10C. The minimum temperature was recorded in 1907 (470C). The number of days with frosts below 200C per year is 7080 days, and below 300C up to 2530 days. In winter, winds of western and southwestern directions prevail. Strong winds are often observed, at a speed of more than 15 m/s, causing strong land and snowstorms. The climate of the region is characterized by snow cover in the last decade of October and in November. The average height of the snow cover is 1415 cm, and in subtle winters it reaches 2530 cm. Insufficient snow cover and low air temperatures cause deep freezing of the soil to 70125 cm. Snow melting in spring usually begins at negative air temperatures due to the influx of heat from direct solar radiation. The duration of snow melting is 2-3 weeks.

Gardening

Landscaping is an important part of the improvement of villages, working villages and cities. For landscaping, it is desirable to use rare especially beautiful trees and shrubs, introductions with the creation of optimal conditions for them and a certain regime of soil moisture. It is necessary to strive, the beauty of local nature was not only preserved but most clearly revealed. Skillful use of natural conditions makes it possible to create by means of planning and development an aesthetically perfect environment for the life and activities of people, as well as picturesque, beautiful, cozy, as well as various architectural and artistic villages.

Landscaping for public use includes parks, squares, alleys, boulevards, embankments. There are both group and single plantings. Mainly public spaces are located in the public center and on the embankment.

Restricted landscaping includes landscaping inside groups of residential buildings and on sections of public institutions, such as kindergartens, schools, hospitals. Regulatory documents for green spaces provide for the allocation of up to 3050% of the total land area in villages. Sections of parks and squares should be located evenly throughout the village.

Recreational areas are allocated for organizing mass recreation of the population, improving the microclimate of settlements and include parks, gardens, urban forests, forest parks, beaches used for recreational purposes and forming a system of open spaces of cities and other settlements. As part of recreational areas, landscaped public areas, mass recreation areas, specially protected natural areas and objects can be allocated. In the village, the recreational zone occupies 8.46 ha.

Protective plantations have been created around the village and on the territory of its land use. Such plantings will reduce wind speed, prevent the transfer of dust in summer, and snow in winter. In addition, forest plantations are used for recreation of the population, serve as a gathering place for berries and mushrooms.

On the main street of the village, on the boulevards, trees with pyramidal, spherical, oval crowns are used, trees that do not drop foliage for a long time, give a good shadow, flower beautifully and do not clog the street and the adjacent territory. Landscaping of public buildings among the hospital, school, kindergarten. These objects must be landscaped because of their specific functions. For example, the landscaping of hospitals, as a rule, should be carried out necessarily. At the same time, a significant part of the territory should be allocated for green spaces. In rural areas, it is recommended to occupy at least 50% of the hospital's territory for planting. It has been established that green spaces contribute to the improvement of human health, reduce gas content, the number of microbes and dust in the air.

Conclusion

The course work I did allowed me to deepen my knowledge of the "Design of Small Settlements."

In this course work, the village was designed for 4,000 residents. Developed a master plan, a transport scheme, a functional zoning scheme for the village. She also calculated TEP, population, territory, number of plots and service facilities.

In this course work, the concept, essence and tasks of designing small settlements were familiarized. She learned to apply knowledge, understanding and ways of implementing knowledge in the design and graphic model in accordance with modern socio-economic, scientific, technical and architectural and artistic requirements. She secured knowledge of the use of scientific and technical information according to SNiP and GOST.