Design of workshop with development of area for car wash

Project Description

The purpose of this project is to design a new maintenance station in the area of ​ ​ ul. Balyaev, 58 in Vladivostok. "

The engineering support of the building is to be carried out from the designed utility networks according to the specifications of the interested organizations.

The technical solutions adopted in the sketched drawings comply with the requirements of environmental, sanitary and hygiene, fire protection and other standards applicable in the territory of the Russian Federation, and ensure safe operation of the facility for life and health of people, subject to the measures provided for in the working drawings.

Introduction

Any motorist tries to monitor the cleanliness and appearance of his car. In the city of Vladivostok with a humid climate and bad roads, it is difficult to monitor the car. Therefore, car owners have to resort to the help of specialized car washing stations.

Many cars in the city wash on their own, without resorting to the help of specialized washing stations, but as practice shows, these car owners risk losing the beauty and primary brilliance of the paint coating of the car since scratching occurs with time turning into microcracks and gradual destruction of the coating occurs.

With an increase in the number of cars, the city needs new service stations, including specialized car washing stations. New stations are being created, competition in the field of service provision is growing. Thus, payment for washing and cleaning the car is reduced and they become more accessible to car owners.

Currently, according to the Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, 32 car washing stations are officially registered in the city of Vladivostok, among them, the recently appeared automatic tunnel-type washes are primarily distinguished.

These stations have greater throughput than manual car washes without being inferior in service quality. In this regard, it can be assumed that over time these stations will gradually conquer a much larger segment of the car washing services market, but so far this trend is constrained by the high price of this equipment, since even the used tunnel or portal type station cost a lot more than the new equipment for manual washing.

In connection with the above factors, high-pressure devices used at manual car washing stations have become the most widespread in Russia, including Vladivostok. High pressure devices are mobile and stationary (in the form of block points) in this regard they can be used in various, not even specially designed rooms, which is very convenient for start-up entrepreneurs. In addition, sellers of this washing equipment offer a variety of specialized nozzles for washing machines that speed up the process of washing the car.

Given these factors, it can be concluded that at this stage of the development of car service services, it is advisable to accept a 2-3 post car wash for the main "reference" car wash station, offering additional services in addition to the main washing services, such as cleaning the cabin, polishing the body and chrome parts of the car.

Analytical part

1.1. Project justification.

The purpose of this project is to design a new maintenance station in the area of ​ ​ ul. Balyaev, 58 in Vladivostok. "

The engineering support of the building is to be carried out from the designed utility networks according to the specifications of the interested organizations.

The technical solutions adopted in the sketched drawings comply with the requirements of environmental, sanitary and hygiene, fire protection and other standards applicable in the territory of the Russian Federation, and ensure safe operation of the facility for life and health of people, subject to the measures provided for in the working drawings.

1.2. Characteristics of the site for construction.

The site for the construction of the STO is located on urban lands and is limited to:

- from the north - st. Kotelnikova;

- from the south - the existing RT TTU;

- from the east - existing buildings;

- from the west - existing capital garages.

The area of ​ ​ the site for the construction of the building within the conditional boundaries of improvement is 1100m2.

On the site for construction there are no explored minerals, subsidence phenomena from the development of the territory.

The site is not flooded with flood waters and is not swamped.

There are no trees and shrubs on the site for construction. The project provides for the improvement of the territory adjacent to the building. The project provides for visitors to arrange temporary parking for cars.

Sidewalks and platforms are designed from concrete colored paving slabs (paving stones), driveways - from asphalt concrete.

The landscaping of the adjacent area is designed mainly by the device of stable lawn covering, as well as group and single planting of trees and shrubs.

During landscaping, a lawn from a fertile layer of soil with a thickness of 20 cm is provided, as well as 100% replacement of soil with plant soil during planting of trees and shrubs.

Small architectural forms are installed on the landscaped territory: benches, garbage bins.

1.3. Characteristics of the designed workshop.

STO is a small car service enterprise where comprehensive maintenance of cars is carried out.

The STO is two buildings, where in the first building there is a car maintenance room and household premises of the car dealership staff. In the second building, car washing rooms are made.

In the first building, the following production areas are made as part of the passenger car maintenance room:

undercarriage repair section for 2 posts (2 workplaces);

engine repair and diagnostics section for 1 post (1 working place);

electrical equipment alarm and repair unit section at 1 station (1 workstation).

In the second building, the following production areas are made as part of the car wash room:

harvesting work area for 2 posts (2 workplaces);

The area of ​ ​ diagnosis and repair of car engines for 1 post with a capacity of up to 20 cars per day.

The repair section of the undercarriage at 2 posts with a capacity of up to 40 cars per day.

To carry out repair work, provide access to units and assemblies and lift vehicles, the posts are equipped with 4x rack platform and laptop lifts with a lifting capacity of 3.5 tons.

The capacity of the harvesting section (2 posts) is up to 20 vehicles per day, in the calculation of servicing of cars of category 1.

The capacity of the alarm and electrical equipment repair section for 1 post is up to 20 vehicles per day.

The operation mode of the STO administration is single-shift with two days off.

The mode of operation of car repair and maintenance units is one and a half shift.

The number of days per year is 365, including:

- workers - 365 days

- weekends and holidays - 60 days.

The personnel operation mode is adopted with a 7 day working week with a daily work duration of not more than 7 hours with a weekly norm of 49 hours.

Working hours are recorded on a monthly basis in order to meet the standard time of each employee.

The lunch break of the workers is performed on a sliding schedule for 30 minutes in the rest and meal rooms.

All types of loading and unloading operations, inside the warehouse works are carried out by floor-mounted means of mechanization with freight trolleys with a carrying capacity of up to 50 kg.

Manual works are performed at auxiliary works.

The level of mechanization at the enterprise according to ONTP 0191 "All-Union norms of technological design of road transport enterprises" is - 40%.

The proportion of workers engaged in manual work is 60%.

1.5. Characteristics of the harvesting area

According to the analysis of car washing services in Vladivostok, the designed washing station should have at least 1-2 washing posts and the First, second posts - washing of the car body, wheels, underfoils, bottom, engine and engine compartment with water heated devices and high pressure devices, washing and dry cleaning of the car interior with professional water bottoms and a dry cleaning device manufactured by KARCHER, which gives additional advertising due to the wide fame of this brand.

Composition and structure of the planned service provision in the harvesting area.

1. Atomic services

- Washing of body, wheels, wings, bottoms, wiping of thresholds.

- Body wash "liquid wax."

The composition "liquid wax" is designed to apply synthetic wax to the paint coating of the car body, displaces and tears water

Process Part

2.1. Initial data for process calculation of STR.

The city is designing a comprehensive workshop for the maintenance and repair of foreign-made cars.

Location of STO: Vladivostok, ul. Balyaev, 58.

The area of ​ ​ the site within the boundaries of improvement is 1100 m2.

The building area is 630 m2.

The area of ​ ​ driveways, platforms and sidewalks is 345 m2.

The area of ​ ​ landscaping is 125 m2.

In the technological calculation of the new STR, the layout of the building and premises of the station is carried out, the scope of work, the number of posts, the need for labor, and the staffing of employees are determined. The results of the process calculation serve as the basis for determining the volume of construction work, as well as developing the structure and size of the staff. The required number of cars - storage places and cars - places for the transport of employees is determined.

Initial data on calculation of process characteristics of the new maintenance station shall include:

Materials on the quantity and quality of vehicles serviced;

Average annual mileage of serviced cars;

List of services provided;

Mode of operation of the designed workshop;

Working conditions of staff (duration of annual leave and absence for good reasons, etc.);

So, for the designed workshop, we determine:

Operating mode: 7-day working week with a daily work duration of not more than 7 hours with a weekly norm of 49 hours;

The lunch break of the workers is performed for 30 minutes;

Number of working shifts per day: 1.5 shift;

Working hours: 7 hours;

Number of working days per year: 365 days;

Number of employee leave days: 28 days;

Number of absence days for good reasons: 10 days;

Stay at the station of the finished car for issue to its owner: 4 hours;

Average service time of one car: 2 hours;

Climatic zone: temperate - cold.

The number of cars served per year is determined on average for the first year, in the future this number will be adjusted based on current practice.

However, the production capabilities of the designed workshop allow you to service each incoming car in an average of 2 hours, therefore, to pass up to 20 cars per day.

The stock of production capacity of 20 or more machines per day is planned to be used during the second-third years of operation of the designed workshop, attracting additional potential customers through an advertising campaign, as well as due to the good image of the company, which provides guaranteed quality services at affordable prices.

Organizational Part

3.4. Features and nature of pollution.

Cars have to work in various road conditions both in the city and outside it, on paved and unpaved roads, under various weather conditions - in dry and raw weather, in summer and winter. Especially cars from below, even in the dry weather of a detail, knots, units and their joints turned to the surface of the road become soiled, become covered by a layer of dust and dirt.

In wet weather, as a result of wetting the car with water that covers the roads, contaminants containing less sand and more organic clay and other impurities that strengthen the forces of adhesion of contaminants to the outer surfaces of the chassis parts remain on the lower surfaces of the car.

A feature of car pollution is that pollution resulting from operation under various conditions is added to pollution arising from refueling and maintenance of the car. Particles of dirt and dust, as it were, are glued to each other with the help of oily substances, which come also from numerous joints, assemblies and assemblies of the car, and at the points of joints the oil layer, mixing with dust, forms a mass capable of forming a film when dried.

This nature of the contaminants is a serious impediment to flushing them off the surface of the vehicle.

Cold water flushing of contaminants from the polished surfaces of cars, the use of a jet even under high pressure does not sufficiently occur. Fine (up to 30 μm) dust particles remain, which are retained in the thin water film and, when dried, leave a matte precipitate in the form of stains on the surface of the body. Such a water film can only be destroyed by mechanical action (brush, sponge, suede) during washing.

This phenomenon is explained by the fact that at the point of impact of a stream of water against the surface of the body between the flow of radically moving water particles and the surface of the body, a thin (several tens of micrometers) boundary layer of water is formed; the speed of water in such a layer is so low that the water has no detergent effect. At the same time, this boundary layer (dead zone) prevents the flow of water at high speed from contacting the washed surface, and therefore removes existing contaminants.

3.6. Process of car washing

Car body washing is carried out:

High pressure apparatus with cold water supply without soaping;

High pressure apparatus with cold water supply with soaping;

High-pressure apparatus with hot water supply and steam generation.

To assess the upcoming work, a visual diagnosis of possible contaminants should be carried out. This check gives you the choice to use the desired car handling option.

The version of washing the body of a dirty car differs from the version of washing the body of a dusty car, as well as the class of the car affects the choice of washing.

The contaminated surface of the car is treated with shampoos and cleaners, i.e. for washing a dusty car, a different option is needed than for washing a dirty car.

3.7. Car body and engine wash.

To assess the upcoming work, a visual diagnosis should be carried out for possible contamination and malfunctions in the machine. The following are checked:

1. Lacquer surface condition:

Degot, rust, marks from blows, whether the car is washed out

2. Engine and engine compartment::

wax contaminants or dust

3. Wheels:

steel or light metal discs

4. Salon:

Mats, seat upholstery, dashboard, ceiling, door upholstery, door joints.

Minor lacquer damage, such as chipping from stone shocks, can be removed during pre-sales preparation or on its own.

Severe damage to the varnish, as well as unpainted and unadjusted body surfaces, should be eliminated before processing.

3.8. Wet treatment

1. Preparation

Pull mats out of the cabin and trunk, as well as a spare wheel and tools. If necessary, remove the wheel caps. Before cleaning the engine compartment, pull out oil tags and other items of this kind from it and not forget to return them after washing. Close parts with plastic pads that are afraid of water - ignition of suction nozzles of the air filter, unit for switching on headlights (relays) depending on the type of car.

2. Pre-treatment of engine and engine compartment:

Use a sprayer to apply SONAX Motor und KaltReiniger to the engine and engine compartment. At that perform processing from the rear forward and from the bottom upwards. At the end, spray the means onto the inside of the hood from bottom to top. Severe contamination is cleaned with a wide brush .

3. The door hinges of the trunk hinge are handled by:

SONAX Motor und KattReiniger Motor Scrubber

SONAX Brack Pumpzerstrauber- hand sprayer

Open the doors and trunk of the car. Spray the motor cleaner from the scale on the door hinges, edges, bladders, as well as trunk hinges. Clean heavily contaminated places with a sponge or brush.

Door locks can also be treated with this means.

4. The apron of the car in front is cleaned by means of:

SONAX Motor und KattReiniger Motor Scrubber

SONAX Brack Pumpzerstrauber- hand sprayer

The apron contaminated with insects should be treated with a scaled motor cleaner and left without washing until treated with a high pressure apparatus.

5. Clear Wheels

Steel and light metal discs are treated with a special shampoo and manually cleaned with a sponge or brush (depending on the contamination), If the steel discs are soiled very much, use a cleaning pad. Leave until treated with high pressure device.

6. High Pressure Apparatus Treatment

The optimum operating temperature of the high pressure apparatus should be about 30 degrees, and the maximum pressure should not exceed 60 bar - with enough clean water without chemical additives.

The beginning of washing the car in front under the apron. When you approach the engine compartment, the device will just reach its optimal temperature. In the engine compartment, the washing will achieve greater efficiency, if you start in the lower, rear area and move upwards from the rear forward, the engine casing is cleaned from the bottom upwards.

Now you need to work counterclockwise; driver's side, wheel area and discs in front, wash doorways, wheels and discs in the back with a strong jet. Open the driver's door, wash the door hinges and edges.

When the front door is open, rinse the rear door hinges. Close the driver's door. Open the back door and wash the door hinges and edges, close the door. Rinse the lacquer surface.

Rinse the trunk loops without opening it, and then the back. Wash passenger side, rear wheel area with discs, door openings. Front area of wheels with disk. When the passenger door is open at the front, rinse the front door hinges and then the rear door hinges. Close the passenger door. Open the back door. Wash hinges and door edges. Close the door. Rinse the lacquer surface, including the outer mirror.

Then wash wheel caps, tools, spare wheel and rubber mats. The first treatment with the high pressure apparatus is finished.

3.9. The process of washing the car with detergents.

GlfflizShampo - shampoo

Motor- imd KaltReiniger - motor scent cleaner

Brack- Pumpzerstrauber - hand sprayer

InsektenSchwamm - sponge from insects

AutoSchwamm - sponge

AutoPflegeTuch - car care napkin

Dissolve the shampoo in water and thoroughly wash the machine with a sponge counterclockwise.

In case of severe pollution, use a motor cleaner. At the end, wash the car with clean water.

Washing Sequence: Start Ahead

Bonnet - bumper - apron

Wing - wheel arch - discs

Windshield - roof Driver door and hinges

Rear door and hinges

Rear wing, wheel arch and discs

Trunk cover and hinges

Bumper license plate area and rear apron, etc.

Cleaning of chrome parts

Putzkissen - cleaning pad

Clean the chrome parts with a pad. This procedure should be performed at the same time as washing the car so that these parts are washed at the final stage of washing

3.10. Rust removal.

FlugrostEntferner - rust remover

Drack-Pumpzerstauber - hand sprayer

AutoSchwamm - sponge

If you find rust and industrial dust, spray the rust remover in concentrated form and tear with a sponge. Leave for about 510 minutes (maximum). At the end, wash with clean water. Repeat the procedure if necessary.

3.11. End of wet treatment.

Wipe the lacquer surface, trunk hinges, the edges of the door and trunk with a napkin. Engine, engine compartment, trambler, relay units, spark plugs must be dried with compressor air head.

3.12. Dry car handling.

Before you start dry processing, you must check your work center again. Whether all the necessary tools and work material are in place. If everything is fine, you can start.

3.13.Processing of the engine.

RalleyLack mattschwarz - matte-black

MotorPlast - varnish for engine

SpezialKonservienmgsWachs - спец. preserve, wax (

MoS20it - oil MoS2

Sprahboy - manual spray

Parts that are not in view, such as air filter, valve covers, radiator parts, engine unit or main brake cylinder, are peeled off with 120 sandpaper before processing and the parts are unlocked.

Then apply the varnish for the engine using a manual sprayer to the metal parts of the engine and instruments.

3.14. Final processing of engine and engine compartment.

All black parts, lacquered parts, chutes and seams in the engine compartment should be treated with special preserving wax until wax film is formed

Keep the hood open for better ventilation of treated surfaces up to glass treatment.

3.15. Treatment of the cabin with cleaning agents.

AIltoImenRemiger - means for cleaning the interior

FleckEntfemer - spot lead

Drack-Pempzerstauber-hand sprayer

AutoSch-wamm - sponge

InsektenSchwamm - sponge from insects

AutoPflegeTuch - car care napkin

Cabin ceiling

Apply to the textile and plastic coatings of the ceiling, including sunscreens, a product for cleaning the cabin and tear it with a wet sponge. In case of severe contamination, use a spotter. In case of severe contamination on the plastic parts of the ceiling, use a brush. After that wipe everything with wet and clean napkin. At the end of the ceiling, dry.

Dashboard

Apply a means for cleaning the cabin on the sponge or napkin and clean the plastic parts of the instrument panel. Then wipe dry with a clean napkin.

Door upholstery

Apply the means for cleaning the interior on the upholstery of the doors, wipe with a sponge. Clean strong contaminants with a brush, and then wipe dry with a napkin. Textile and velour coatings should then be soaked.

Glass and mirrors

Use Tools:

Sprahboy-Sprayer

ScheibenKJar - glass cleaner

Paplerolte - paper roll

Glasschaber - scraper

Apply a glass cleaner to the glasses and mirrors, and then wipe all surfaces dry with paper. Start from the front and continue working counterclockwise.

Before cleaning the glass, lower them a little to wipe the upper edges.

Seats, mats, etc.

Use Tools:

AutobmenReiniger - means for cleaning the interior

FleckEntfemer "Spot Lead

Drack-Pmnpzerstauber - manual sprayer

AutoSchwamm - sponge

AutoPflegeTiich - car care napkin

Wurzelburste - brush

Pinsel - brush

Start with the driver. Wipe and clean the blowing deflectors with brush.

Remove severe contaminants using a wiper and napkin. Soak the upper dirt from the seats and floor, then apply the means for cleaning the cabin first on the seat, then on the floor, treat with a brush, at the end soak. Remove severe contaminants with a stain ejector.

Clean the pedal rubbers.

Then there is the treatment behind the driver's seat, the back of the seat, the lower part and the mat.

Then the passenger side:

Clean the fan grille, glove box, ashtray, seat and pol. behind the seat - back of the seat, bottom and mat

In the winter months, use foam for cleaning upholstery (PoisterSchaumRemiger), as it dries faster on upholstery and mats.

Leather seats

AutoImenReiniger - means for cleaning the interior

Drack-Pempzerstauber - manual sprayer

AutoSchwamm - sponge

AutoPflegeTuch - car care napkin

InsektenSchwamm - sponge from insects

Treat highly contaminated leather seats first with a salon cleanser. Apply and tear with sponge from insects. After that wipe with napkin to dryness. Dry seats are treated with a sponge and skin care. Leave to dry, and then wipe again with a clean napkin.

Instrument panel processing

TiefenPfleger - plastic parts cleanser

Spruhboy - sprayer

AutoSchwamin - sponge

Saugfahiges Tuch - absorbent napkin

All plastic parts in the car can be treated with a plastic part cleaner. Apply the agent to the sponge and treat it with plastic. To ensure that the parts have a natural gloss, wipe the parts with a dry napkin after processing. To eliminate the unpleasant smell of ashtray, spray directly into it SmokeBx

3.16. External processing of the car

Discs and tires

Steel discs

FelgeoLack Metallic - lacquer for discs, metallic

FleckEntfemer - spot lead

Felgenspritzschablone - set of protective rings on disks

Heifiluftfon - hot air dryer

If necessary, clean the steel discs with 120th sandpaper, and then wipe them with a spotter. Close the rubber valves, install the protective rings on the discs and spray the varnish on the entire disc with a thin layer.

Before the second lacquer of the disk, roll the machine forward or backward to half the revolution of the disk.

Discs are better varnished when they are warm. Especially in winter. To do this, use a hairdryer.

Tires

GnmmiPfleger - skin care product

Drack-Pumpzerstauber - manual sprayer

AutoSchwamm - sponge

Spray the skin care product evenly on the tyres, then rub

Before treating the lacquer surface, treat plastic parts with TiefenPfleger - a means of caring for plastic parts. Then it will be easier to remove possible traces of the politura.

3.17.Treatment of lacquer surface.

Removal of top dirt and tar

TeerEntfemer - a means for removing dust and resin

Drack-Pumpzerstauber - hand sprayer

Strong dirt and tar should be removed before treating the varnish. To do this, pour the tar removal agent into a hand sprayer, spray and leave for several minutes. Wipe with dry or wet napkin.

Attention:

Be careful when handling new cars and newly applied varnishes, do not work under the scorching sun or on hot lacquer surfaces.

In case of minor damage to the surface on which the paint has not yet completely hardened, use paper numbers from 1500 to 2000.

The slight effect of the "orange crust" and the drawbacks in paint spraying can be eliminated without the use of grinding paper. Start the treatment of such a surface with the grinding polishing liquid or grinding paste indicated below.

First stage

After pre-wet treatment with grinding paper, the top coating layer is a matte surface:

Use ABRASIVE POLISH or ABRASIVE PASTE for further processing. Apply the necessary product to the surface and polish with a polishing machine until gloss, exerting light pressure on the surface during polishing. A yellow polishing disc (8001500 rpm) is recommended.

Second stage

Polishing HIGH GLOSS POLISH. Some traces or matte spots may still remain on the surface. In this case, it is recommended to use HIGH GLOSS POLISH. This product can be used in both manual and machining applications. Apply the product to the surface and polish to mirror gloss.

If you use a polishing machine, a yellow polishing disk ("waffle" 1000 ~ 1200 rpm) is recommended, which should be attached directly to the rotating disk of the machine.

Third stage

Attach the result and cover the surface with HARD WAX protective paste. The final step in the surface care program is the treatment with the last HARD WAX protective paste protecting the treated surface and the results obtained for several weeks. Gently apply the paste to the surface and polish to shine using POLISHING FLEECE, which is ideal for the process.

3.18. Lacquer Surface Analysis

Before starting treatment of lacquer surface, check its condition carefully. On the one hand, you can detect injuries such as deep or shallow scratches and chips, on the other hand, the results of exposure to previously applied protective equipment.

SONAX PAINTWORK RESTORATION was specially designed for the care and recovery of used machines. All of the following flaws can be successfully removed without having to repaint the surface. Accurate adherence to the sequence of steps provided by this program, along with the use of a polishing machine, guarantees excellent results.

Possible surface defects that can be remedied by using SONAX PAINTWORK RESTORATION:

a) dust or dirt particles falling under the paint;

b) "orange crust" effect;

c) small scratches;

d) minor cracks in the coating;

e) insufficient quality paint application (non-uniform coating, etc.).

Preprocessing

First of all, the coating defect must be treated with wet grinding paper (in this process, it is necessary to constantly wet the surface with water).

The graininess of the grinding paper structure depends on the severity of the defect and the size of the damaged surface area.

in case of serious damage to the surface, the paint on which has completely dried in layers, use paper numbers from 1200 to 1500.

Results of protective equipment exposure

1. On the lacquer surface, small round drops:

• this means that the varnish is still sufficiently protected and does not require additional processing unless you find damage such as scratches and chips on the surface.

2. On the lacquer surface, large dilutions of water:

• this means that the protective agents used earlier have lost their impact. If the varnish is not damaged or updated, it is enough to process it Hard Wax. With this tool you will protect the varnish depending on the weather conditions for many weeks.

3. Faded varnish:

• Faded and faded lacquer surface becomes at the age of 2 to 4 years, if it was not processed regularly. The best treatment in this case is polishing. Use of Polish & Wax for colored varnishes and metals is recommended.

• Varnishes are polished with a separate poly, in the SONAX range there is also such a special tool as - Metal Hochglanz. Both products have the smallest grinding particles in their composition, thanks to which the damaged layer of lacquer is removed and the lacquer gains its initial brilliance. High-performance waxes like carnaub protect varnish for many weeks. Thus, Polish & Wax is distinguished by its persistence.

4. Small scratches:

• these scratches can be removed using the following tools - Polish & Wax or Metal Hochglanz.

5. Badly damaged lacquer:

• Lacquer aged 4 years or more, never treated with protective compositions, becomes severely damaged. For the treatment of such a surface, the Lek Reiniger ground cleaning agent is best suited, followed by the treatment with Auto HardWax gloss.

• The Lack Reiniger contains already stronger grinding particles than polytures, thanks to which the top damaged layer of lacquer is removed. At the end of the operation, it is necessary to cover the lacquer thus treated with Auto HardWax to protect the lacquer.

6. Chips and deep scratches:

• Chips and deep scratches are the type of damage that can destroy the entire layer of varnish, as well as the primer. The consequence is the threat of corrosion.

• A quick solution for this is Color Pen. With this wax pencil, you will easily fill the recess and repair the damage. 18 colors of pencils correspond to almost all known colors of cars. As a result, a significant external improvement in appearance and reliable corrosion protection. The wax layer withstands about 20 washes, and with further processing of Polish & Wax, its efficiency increases even more.

Design Part

4.1. Justification of accepted design.

Having studied the market for services presented at car washing stations in the city of Vladivostok, we can come to the conclusion that at this stage of the development of car service it is advisable to install a car washing unit at one of the posts from below.

Car washing from below is required for the replacement and repair of units and assemblies, for the application of various types of coatings. Since the car begins to age from the moment of birth. The main reason for the aging of the car is corrosion.

Corrosion is divided into:

- electrochemical, accompanied by the appearance of electric current (corrosion current );

- mechanochemical (corrosion-mechanical wear), in which mechanical effects are added to the first two processes: friction, cyclic bending loads, vibration, etc.

The car is mainly characterized by electrochemical corrosion, so

the conditions for its occurrence are constantly created :

- during rain, snowfall, temperature changes on the outer and inner surfaces of the body, a water film (condensate, dew) is formed. When it is contaminated with acids and alkalis contained in the air, or salt sprinkled in winter on the roads, an electrolyte is obtained;

- in metal, after stamping and welding, sections with a changed structure appear. Inhomogeneity, as well as microswitches of slags and small defects (shells) provoke the occurrence of galvanic pairs, i.e. electrochemical corrosion in steel, body parts.

It is especially intense at a relative humidity of more than 60% (in Vladivostok, almost all year round) and in large cities with a polluted atmosphere (in rural areas - about three times slower).

By the nature of the spread, corrosion is continuous and local.

Solid appears on the entire body, starting on the lower surface of the bottom, from the inside of the wings, and in the internal cavities of doors and power elements (thresholds, crossbars, amplifiers). Inside the cabin, it usually occurs under floor mats.

Local is at the junction of metal sheets by welding and filling (edges of the hood and trunk cover, perimeter of doors).

Local corrosion is more dangerous than continuous, since I flows faster, leads to through damage to parts and, as a result, to a loss of strength and stiffness of the body.

The machine corrodes continuously: during manufacture, transportation, storage and operation. The process cannot be stopped, but it can be slowed down.

The struggle begins at car factories. Bodies are primed and painted, mastic (plastisol coating) is usually applied to the bottom, and protective compositions are applied to hidden cavities. Some body parts galvanize. Depending on the scope of work, materials and technology used, manufacturers sometimes guarantee the time until through body damage occurs. In order to maintain its initial appearance and mechanical strength for a longer time, it is necessary to periodically do additional corrosion treatment.

Since corrosion is invisible in indoor cavities and therefore most dangerous. Since the body "breathes" when the car moves on irregularities, micro-displacements appear in the welds of its elements, reducing the density of the parts and destroying the previously applied protective film. When rust appears on the outer surfaces, the process is already irreversible .

The bottom of the car corrodes during aging of the factory plastisol coating, its peeling and when moisture enters the formed cavities. In addition, the protective layer is damaged by sand, small pebbles and gravel flying from under the wheels; it takes place with random contacts with hard objects - for example, icy snow outgrowths in uncleaned yards, protruding roots and fallen branches on forest roads, in wheels or when parking on sidewalks.

The selected installation allows you to wash cars from below.

Technical characteristics of the unit:

Installation type - Stationary inkjet.

Type of Centrifugal swirl pump 2.5 CV - 1.1.

The pump capacity is 18 m3/h.

Pump drive - from engine A 61 - 2, 14 kW, 3000 rpm.

Water consumption per car - 300 liters.

The weight of the installation is 480 kg.

4.2. Electric motor selection. Kinematic calculation of the drive

4.2.1 Electric Motor Purpose

The engine is one of the main elements of the machine unit. The design and operational characteristics of the plant and its drive depend on the type of engine, its power, speed and other things.

Series A 612 motors are recommended for the design. These engines are most versatile. The closed and blown version allows you to use these engines for operation in contaminated conditions, in open rooms, etc.

Series A 612 motors are used for drives of mechanisms that have a constant or low changing load at a long operating mode and a large starting load.

Conclusion

In this diploma project, an analysis of the car washing services market in Vladivostok was carried out and on this basis a project has been developed at the moment for the most promising car washing station for Vladivostok.

The project calculated technological, design and economic solutions for this station, and also calculated safety standards at work and the environmental aspect of the enterprise.

Summing up the results of the calculation and research part, it can be concluded that this type of services is in demand and has tendencies for further development.