Design of the store building using modern roofing materials

Introduction

The design of public buildings is based on the principles of synthesis of functional, architectural, technical and economic aspects of architecture. The purpose of the design is to find such solutions of public buildings that best meet their purpose, are convenient for a particular activity of people, have high architectural and artistic qualities, provide buildings with strength, economy of construction and operation.

Public buildings often occupy a dominant position in development, determine the compositions of architectural ensembles and with their architectural and artistic qualities actively affect the consciousness of people, their natural perception and the formation of artistic taste. Urban planning and natural factors have a significant impact on the formation of the architectural appearance of a public building. The architecture of public buildings is perceived in connection with the architecture of the surrounding residential buildings and is revealed thanks to the distinctive compositions for this type of building.

The design of stores is based on several fundamental points that determine the success of the enterprise and the consumer flow in the end.

Successful store design is based on the following concepts:

- clarification of competitive advantages of the store;

- Definition of planning, design, sales equipment, assortment and maintenance requirements depending on concept

- Layout and design of the store;

- Peculiarities of shopping space organization for stores intended for wealthy buyers and middle and low-income customers;

- Evaluation of the efficiency of use of retail space...

1.7. Engineering equipment of the building

Water supply and sewerage.

The store premises are equipped with a drinking water system and a domestic sewage system.

Store connection point - designed riser with connection to existing riser Dn = 25. The operating pressure at the connection point is 0.25 MPa. Pipeline is made of plastic pipes. Water flow rate 0.059 m3/day. Hot water supply - from water heater V = 30 l.

The water metering unit of cold water supply is installed in the room of the bathroom, free access to it is provided for monitoring and taking readings. Impeller counter KV1.5x is installed. The counter is allowed for use by the State Standard of Ukraine. Place of meter installation is indicated on "VK" grade drawings. Dilution lines of cold water supply systems are carried out along the walls.

Drinking water supply networks are made of plastic pipes of the Ecoplastik system. Pipes shall be attached to construction structures using clamps with rubber or synthetic gaskets. Protective sleeves are provided in places of pipelines passage through partitions.

Branch pipelines from sanitary devices are laid partially above the floor from plastic sewage pipes. Waste water is discharged by gravity into the existing sewage network O100 mm of a residential building.

Heating.

The project of heating the non-residential premises of non-food products reconstructed for the store was developed in accordance with:

- SNiP 2.04.0591 * "Heating, ventilation and air conditioning" and changes to it;

- Construction Norms and Regulations ІІ 379 ** "Construction heating engineer";

- VSN 5487 "Retail enterprises. Design Standards. "

As heating devices of shop of nonfoods serve aluminum radiators of RAYKO 3000/600 with characteristics of the heat carrier + (9570) wasps.

The instruments are equipped with Mayevsky individual air-discharge manual valves.

Ball valves are installed on the supply and return pipelines (for dismantling or maintenance without emptying the entire system) in order to disconnect the individual heating device.

Main indicators for the heating system:

Thermal energy requirement for indoor heating at an internal air temperature of + 15 ° С. Heat consumption per 1 m2 of heating surface is 38.2 W/m2, which is less than the specific thermal power for shops, wagons, department stores - 44.0 W/m2.

Lighting.

The lighting system is generally uniform - natural and artificial. Lighting is made with raster lamps with fluorescent lamps and incandescent lamps with degree of protection according to class of rooms. The illumination level of the premises is adopted in accordance with DBN B.2.5.282006, and takes into account the requirements for illumination of workplaces according to the category of visual works. Illumination standards for the main sections of the facility are given in Table

Power supply.

Ventilation and air conditioning systems.

Building ventilation (ventilation) means the complete or partial replacement of contaminated room air with clean outdoor air.

Ventilation is natural which occurs due to penetration into the room of air through open windows, window leaves, cracks in structures of buildings and a time of construction materials. Exhaust, when spoiled air is organized to the outside, and plenum with organized discharge of contaminated air and distribution of fresh air.

Each organized exhaust system consists of the following elements:

- louver screen through which contaminated air is removed from

premises;

- exhaust channel, through which the replaced air circulates;

- prefabricated duct, in it there are fans and filters;

- plenum chamber located on the roof;

- shafts with insulated valve, it closes the shaft and stops

ventilation operation in order to preserve heat in the room.

Effective ventilation operation is possible when the ducts and channels are in good condition, there should be no slots in them. Personnel are obliged to monitor the condition of filters that clean the supply air, periodically inspect them, clean the filter material from dust, and, in case of heavy pollution, replace it with a new one. Vertical and horizontal exhaust ducts should be inspected and cleaned annually from accumulated dust and garbage. It is very important to achieve silent operation of ventilation units. The occurrence of noise can be caused by incorrect selection of the fan, defects in its operation or too high the speed of air passage in the ventilation ducts. You can plug sounds using appropriate building materials or with a special coating of sound absorbing materials.

Control of ventilation plants must be simple so that they can be turned on or stopped by hotel staff.

The hoods shall be located above the steam and heat sources. Above the main cooking stove, a ventilation canopy is placed, which removes evaporations formed during cooking.

Independent mechanical ventilation should be installed in trading rooms.

Warehouses designed to store products require appropriate air exchange. Air exchange shall be performed 3-6 times a day.

Modern comfort requirements suggest the availability of systems in the store

air conditioning. The creation of artificial climatic conditions on a wide scale is used in countries with tropical climates, as well as in

comfortably equipped hotel facilities.

The air conditioner is an automatic installation that includes devices for cleaning, heating, humidifying, drying, cooling and transporting air, as well as additional devices for ozonation, perfumerization and ionizing air. Air conditioning systems cost much more than systems.

Fire alarm.

Fire is possible anywhere, but most

exposed to the sunbathing of the basement, attic and kitchen.

Non-compliance with cleanliness in production premises, in places where

central heating channels, steam and electric elements

equipment, possibly due to excessive heating or under the influence of a spark,

arising in electrical devices, cause the accumulated dust to light up.

Very often guests leave the included electric heating devices that

can also cause a fire.

Hotel facilities shall be equipped with fire alarm.

The fire alarm device consists of a central fire station,

providing an audible or visual signal about a fire or danger of fire, and

also from fire signals. There are two types of fire signals:

automatic ("fire watch") and manual (buttons).

"Fire sentries" respond to high temperatures. When reached

a certain temperature automatically opens the head and water from the network

spills over the fire site in the form of a shower. One such signal guards about

20 m2 of area.

Manual button signals should be placed in public places (corridors

near staircases, lounges, etc.). To avoid accidental pressing,

the button is placed under the glass, which should be broken to press the button.