Design of piston pump UNB-600

Contents

Introduction

Section

1.1 Classification of piston pumps

1.2 Arrangement of piston pumps and principle of their operation

1.3 Advantages and disadvantages of piston pumps

Section

2.1 General Information

2.2 Technical data of UNB-

2.3 Design of UNB-

2.3.1 Hydraulic part of UNB- pump

2.3.2 Driving part of UNB- pump

Section

3.1 Calculation of valve lifting height at different angles of crank rotation

Section

4.1 Operation of piston pumps

4.1.1 Preparation for start-up

4.1.2 Pump start-up

4.1.3 Pump shutdown

4.1.4Delivery after operating pump

4.2 Safety precautions during operation of piston pumps

4.2.1 General provisions

4.2.2 Safety precautions

4.3 Impact of development implementation on the environment

List of literature used

Introduction

Due to the simplicity and reliability of operation, piston pumps have been widely used in the oil, gas and petrochemical industries, all the main technological processes of which are associated with pumping various liquids through pipelines - oil, petroleum products, liquefied gases, water, clay solutions, chemicals, etc.

In the drilling of oil and gas wells, piston pumps have found exceptional use. They are used to create a circulation of clay solution or water in the well.

In oil production, piston (plunger) pumps are used mainly for extracting oil from the well, pumping water and high-viscosity oil through pipelines, hydraulic fracturing of formations, injecting water into the formation.

Since there is no site in the oil industry where pumps are not used, further improvement of their technical and economic performance remains the main problem of the oil industry. Maintaining a high efficiency factor during operation or fully using the installed power of the hydraulic machines under consideration is one of the most important tasks of the maintenance personnel. It can be performed only with a good knowledge of the theory and rules of operation of pumps.

Project Objective:

to solve the set tasks and to fully disclose the topic of the project.

The main tasks of the project are:

- to give the general characteristic of piston pumps

-Return detailed description of structure, arrangement of main units and assemblies using example of one pump

-describe the principle of operation

- perform engineering calculation of the pump

-prepare graphic material

Advantages and disadvantages of piston pumps

Piston pumps are suitable for pumping pure liquids only, this is due to the presence of valves in the design of the piston pump. The presence of impurities in the pumped liquid can lead to a failure of the pump valves. During reciprocation, large inertia forces occur, so the average piston speed is limited to 0.51 m/s. Piston pumps provide intermittent fluid supply. They have large dimensions compared to centrifugal ones, this is due to the complexity of their design, while piston pumps are able to provide large heads. Their supply does not depend on the head, which allows them to be used as dosing pumps. The efficiency of piston pumps is higher than that of centrifugal pumps.

So, the advantages of piston pumps can be attributed to

- supply independence from head

- high efficiency

- slow-moving

To disadvantages

- high cost

- design complexity

- complexity of supply control

- sensitivity to mechanical impurities

- intermittent supply of operating fluid

Operating Pump Care

During the operation of the pump, the driver must monitor the readings of the instrumentation, the serviceability and operation of the lubrication system, monitor the presence of oil and add it as it is consumed. Normal operation of the lubrication system prevents the heating of bearings, crosshead. Oil in the system shall not be heated above 70 ° C. If foreign noise and knocks are detected during pump operation, their causes shall be identified and eliminated.

It is necessary to monitor the amount of gas in the caps. If there is a lack of gas in the injection cap or an excess of gas in the suction cap, measures must be taken to restore the required liquid level in them. In all cases, the readings of the level gauges should be followed.

The driver is obliged to monitor the operation of gland seals, pulling them in time or replacing the packing after stopping

pump.

During operation of the pump, the driver controls the supply and head in accordance with the established standards of the technological mode. The driver keeps a replacement log (report), in which at certain intervals, usually at the end of each hour of work, he records the readings of the devices: temperature, pressure, head, etc.

During the operation of piston pumps, various malfunctions are possible. Incorrect operation of valves, working chamber or cylinder and caps is determined by analysis of removed indicator diagrams. The bearings are heated above the permissible temperature due to insufficient amount of lubrication, excessive tightening of the bearings, presence of water and mechanical impurities in the oil. Excessive heating of the gland occurs when the packing is tightened or the pressure sleeve is skewed.

In each individual case, the driver finds out the causes of the problems and takes measures to resolve them.

УНБ-600.cdw