Design of boiler room with DKVR boilers 6.5

Contents

CONTENTS

Introduction

General part

Main Design Solutions

Purpose and characteristics of boiler house

Justification and description of the selected thermal scheme

DKVR 6,3 boiler design description -

Design part

Calculation of boiler room thermal diagram

Selection of number of boilers to be installed

Selection of water treatment equipment

2.

Selection of water treatment scheme

2.

Selection of sodium-cationite filters

2.

Selection of sodium-chloro-ionite filters

2.

Choice of Salt Solvent

2.

Deaerator selection

Calculation and selection of auxiliary boiler room equipment

2.

Selection of pumps

2.

Selection of source water pumps

2.

Selection of feed pumps

2.

Selection of network pumps

2.

Selection of make-up pumps

2.

Condensate Pump Selection

Calculation and selection of traction equipment

2.

Description of air supply and smoke removal circuit

2.

Calculation of combustion product volumes and boiler efficiency

2.

Selection of excess air ratio

2.

Calculation of volumes and enthalpies of air and combustion products

2.

Calculation of heat loss and efficiency-gross of the boiler

2.

Calculation of the amount of fuel burned in the boiler

Selection of traction equipment

2.

Boiler unit aerodynamic resistance

2.

Blast Fan Selection

2.

Selection of Smoke Pump

Operation

Boiler house fuel supply

Boiler house water treatment

Occupational safety

Occupational Safety Organization

Organization of occupational safety training

Creating healthy and safe working conditions

Safety precautions during repair works

Principles of First Aid

Special task

General information and combustion of substances and materials

Indicators of fire and explosion safety of substances and materials

Classification and general information on essential fire extinguishing agents

Economic part

Literature

Applications

Z a d a n and e for a diploma

1. Project Theme:

Reconstruction of the production and heating boiler house

Vladimir

3. Project Input:

heat supply source

boiler house production and heating

- coolant

water, t1 = 1300С t2 = 700С

- heat loads: heating and ventilation - 16GJ/h, GVA - 8GJ/h

technological needs - 9 t/h, P = 1.4 MPas

- condensate return rate - 65%

- types of installed boilers: DKVR 6.5-13

- water supply source: chemical composition corresponds to the river. Klyazme

- natural gas fuel from the Stavropol - Moscow gas pipeline 2nd line

4. Content of the calculation and explanatory note (list of issues that

to be developed): introduction, purpose and characteristics of the boiler house,

main design solutions, thermal diagram description, structure description

boiler, calculation of boiler room thermal diagram for 4 modes, selection of HW equipment

selection of auxiliary and traction equipment, special task, sections

operation and labor protection, economic part, compilation of a list of literature.

Introduction

In the energy balance of the Republic, a large part is occupied by boiler houses with organic fuel - natural gas. In many cases of industrial enterprises, steam-heating boiler houses are widely used.

One of the areas of energy development is related to the construction of steam-heating boiler houses of various enterprises. These boiler rooms are used to cover all types of heat loads: technological (steam, hot water) and communal (hot water for heating and hot water supply).

Currently, significant attention is paid to progressive fuel combustion technologies in boiler furnaces, block automated burners are used. When creating boilers, new materials are used, energy-saving measures are used, automation systems are improved. Heating schemes of boiler houses are constantly being improved, the transition to two-circuit heat supply systems is being carried out (with a small distance of the heat consumer from the boiler room).

Currently, factories and enterprises use industrial boilers in their production: water tube and gas tube. These are varieties of steam boilers that provide for the placement and sorting of steam, while generating it due to the destruction of thermal energy, and it in turn is formed during the combustion of fuel inside the boiler body. Among all industrial heating equipment, steam and hot water boilers occupy a special place. They are in high demand in the industrial equipment market. Different types of production plants use different types of equipment: for example, power steam boilers are used on turbines, and another variety - recyclers - contribute to the extraction of steam from hot gases in certain industries.

To date, steam and hot water boiler plants are actively used for heating, hot water supply and technological needs. They have been widely used:

in industrial enterprises and the food industry;

in technology parks, workshops and industrial sites;

at field development.

The boiler plant is a complex of devices located in special rooms and serving to convert the chemical energy of fuel into thermal energy of steam or hot water.

The main elements of the boiler plant are a boiler, a furnace (furnace), feed and traction devices. Boiler is a heat exchange device in which heat from hot fuel combustion products is transferred to water. As a result, in steam boilers, water is converted to steam, and in hot water boilers it is heated to the required temperature.

The design of the boiler house begins by identifying the nature of the consumers and determining the amount of heat or steam required for them, as well as the type and parameters of the coolant .

At the same time, production boilers usually generate steam for technological needs, heating and ventilation of production workshops, heating boilers prepare hot water for heating residential and public buildings, as well as for household needs, production and heating boilers generate steam and prepare hot water for all these types of consumption.

The need for heat for heating, ventilation and hot water supply of residential, public and industrial buildings is determined by the projects of local heating, ventilation and hot water supply systems. In the absence of such projects, the need for heat can be calculated according to enlarged indicators.

Steam release for technological needs of industrial enterprises and hot water for their hot water supply is determined by technological designs of these enterprises. When the type and parameters of the coolant, as well as the complete heat or steam release, are detected, it is possible to set the profile and capacity of the designed boiler room. If all heat is released in the form of hot water, designs a boiler house with hot water boilers, if in the form of steam with steam boilers. When heat is released both in the form of steam and in the form of hot water, depending on the quantitative ratio of steam to water, it is possible to design a steam boiler house with a plant for heating network water, or a combined boiler house with steam and heating boilers.

Steam-heating boiler house with steam boilers is designed to cover the process steam load, water heating, ventilation and hot water supply systems of an industrial enterprise where a steam process load is required.

General part

1.1 Main Design Solutions

In this diploma project, a production and heating boiler house located in Vladimir on the Klyazma River was made. Natural gas of the second line of the Stavropol-Moscow gas pipeline is used as fuel.

Boilers of the DKVR6,513 brand manufactured by the Biysk Boiler Plant are used in the boiler room.

The heat supply of the district is carried out according to a two-tube closed scheme. Design parameters of coolant: supply pipeline - 130 ° С; return pipeline - 70 ° С.

The boiler room equipment layout is based on the following requirements:

- ensuring reliable operation, convenient and safe maintenance of installed equipment;

- minimum length of pipelines, utilities, cable lines;

- minimization of space dimensions to reduce capital expenditures on construction structures;

- provision of the possibility of expansion of the existing boiler house with minimal alterations of communications;

- creation of conditions for mechanized repair works, inspections, cleaning of equipment and fittings.

Steam boilers are installed in one row with the front located in one line and facing the windows of the boiler room. The front of coppers is located at distance of 3 m from a boiler house wall. The distance from the extreme boiler to the wall is 1,3 m.

For gas supply to the production and heating boiler house, a GRU (gas control plant) is provided, which is located inside the boiler house.

Main functions of the gas control plant:

- reduction of gas pressure to the specified parameters;

- maintaining of this pressure at GRU outlet in automatic mode;

- stop of gas supply at pressures above the maximum and below the minimum permissible;

- cleaning of gas from significant mechanical impurities;

- accounting of gas consumption.

GRU room is equipped with ventilation, heating and lighting systems. The ventilation system is designed in such a way that it provides at least three times the hour air exchange in the GRU room. Heating system - water (coolant temperature shall not exceed 130 ° С). The internal temperature in the GRU in winter is maintained at least + 5 ° С. GRU artificial lighting system is performed using explosion-proof equipment.

Gas inlet pressure at GRU inlet is 0.6 MPa. Disconnecting devices at a distance of 5 m are installed at the inlet of gas pipelines to the GRU and at the outlet from it.

Gas pipelines to boiler units after GRU are laid in the form of dead end branches. Boiler lines are equipped with a blowdown plug, which provides gas discharge to the atmosphere during blowdown of gas lines.

Transformer substation - attached. Personnel rooms are located on the second floor at elevation + 3.300. The chemical water treatment laboratory is located on the ground floor.

Heating and ventilation are designed in accordance with SNiP 230199 "Construction climatology."

In the boiler room there is an air heating system, in the auxiliary - a water heating system using registers made of smooth pipes as heating devices.

The ventilation system is designed to provide a three-hour air exchange.

Exhaust ventilation is natural with air drawing from the upper zone and due to suction to the gas-air duct of the boiler unit. Exhaust is performed through TsAGI deflectors.

Plenum ventilation is natural. In the warm period of the year, air is supplied to the working zone.

Calculation and selection of traction equipment

2.5.1 Description of air supply and smoke removal scheme

In accordance with SNiP II3576 "Boiler plants," to ensure air supply to boiler units and exhaust of combustion products, traction units are provided individually for each boiler. The traction unit of the boiler unit includes: a blow fan - to supply the air required during fuel combustion; smoke pump - for removal of combustion products from the boiler unit to the environment.

Warm air from the upper zone of the boiler room is used to supply the furnace chamber in winter, and air taken from the environment is used in summer. The ducts inside the boiler room are made of round steel.

Combustion products are removed via reinforced concrete underground gas ducts. Each boiler has an individual gas duct that discharges combustion products to the chimney.

In the boiler room there is one smoke reinforced concrete pipe 30 m high with a mouth diameter of 1.2m. Temperature seams are provided in places of gas ducts interface with chimney.

To ensure economical operation of traction equipment, electric drives of fans and smoke pumps are connected to the electric mains through frequency converters, which perform smooth control of the motor RPM (and therefore the equipment capacity) depending on the operation mode of the boilers. Installation of frequency converters allows to provide energy saving up to 30%, automate the operation of traction equipment and extend its service life, eliminate the human factor in the control of devices.

2.5.2 Calculation of combustion product volumes and boiler gross efficiency

Composition of natural gas of the second line of the Stavropol-Moscow pipeline by volume:

Methane CH4 92.8%

Ethane C2H6 2.8%

Propane C3H8 0.9%

Butane C4H10 0.4%

Pentane C5H12 0.1%

Nitrogen N2 2.5%

Carbon dioxide CO2 0.5%

Relative air density (at 20 ° С) 0.772

The lowest combustion heat is 36550 kJ/m3.

Operation

3.1 Boiler house fuel supply

3.1.1 Description of gas control unit

Natural gas of the second line of the Stavropol-Moscow gas pipeline is used as the main fuel in the designed boiler house. For gas supply to the production and heating boiler house, a GRU (gas control plant) is provided, which is located inside the boiler house.

Main functions of the gas control plant:

Reduction of gas pressure to the specified parameters;

maintaining this pressure at the GRU outlet in automatic mode;

interruption of gas supply at pressures above the maximum and below the minimum permissible;

cleaning of gas from significant mechanical impurities;

accounting of gas consumption.

GRU room is equipped with ventilation, heating and lighting systems. The ventilation system is designed in such a way that it provides at least three times the hour air exchange in the GRU room. Heating system - water (coolant temperature shall not exceed 130 ° С). The internal temperature in the GRU in winter is maintained at least + 5 ° С. GRU artificial lighting system is performed using explosion-proof equipment.

Gas inlet pressure at GRU inlet is 0.6 MPa. Disconnecting devices at a distance of 5 m are installed at the inlet of gas pipelines to the GRU and at the outlet from it.

Gas pipelines to boiler units after GRU are laid in the form of dead end branches. Boiler lines are equipped with a blowdown plug, which provides gas discharge to the atmosphere during blowdown of gas lines.

3.2 Boiler house water treatment

3.2.1 Composition of natural water

The solids contained in the water are separated into mechanically suspended impurities consisting of mineral and sometimes organic particles, colloidal soluble substances and true solutes. The amount of substance dissolved in a solution unit (water) determines the concentration of the solution and is usually expressed in milligrams per kilogram of solution (mg/kg).

Water, like any liquid, can dissolve only a certain amount of a substance, forming a saturated solution, and an excess amount of the substance remains undissolved and precipitates.

There are substances that are well and poorly soluble in water. Substances that are highly soluble in water include chlorides (salts of hydrochloric acid) CaC12, MgC12, CaC1, poorly soluble - sulfides (salts of sulfuric acid) CaSO4, MgSO4, N3SO4 and silicates (salts of silicic acid) CaSiO3, MgSiO3. The presence of sulfides and silicates in the water leads to the formation of solid scale on the heating surface of the boilers.

The solubility of the substances depends on the temperature of the liquid in which they dissolve. There are substances in which solubility increases with increasing temperature, for example CaC12, MgC12, Mg (NO3) 2, Ca (NO3) 2, and in which, for example, CaSO4, CaSiO3, MgSiO3.

3.2.2 Water quality indicators

Water quality is characterized by transparency (content of suspended substances), dry residue, rigidity, alkalinity, oxidability.

The dry residue contains the total amount of substances dissolved in water: calcium, magnesium, sodium, ammonium, iron, aluminum, etc., which remain after evaporation of water and drying of the residue at 110 ° C. The dry residue is expressed in milligrams per kilogram or in micrograms per kilogram.

Water hardness is characterized by total content of calcium and magnesium salts in water, which are scale-forming agents. There are common, temporary (carbonate) and constant (non-carbonate) stiffness.

The total stiffness is the sum of the values ​ ​ of temporary and constant stiffness and is characterized by the sum of the content of calcium and magnesium salts in water: sulphate (CaSO4 and MgSO4), chloride (CaC12 and MgC12), nitrate (Ca (NO3) 2 and Mg (NO3) 2), silicic acid (CaSiO3 and MgSiO3), phosphorate (Ca3 (PO4) 2 and Mg 2 (PO2) 2) 2.

The temporal stiffness is characterized by the water content of calcium and magnesium bicarbonates Ca (HCO3) 2 and Mg (HCO3) 2. Constant stiffness is due to the content of the above calcium and magnesium salts, with the exception of bicarbonates.

To determine the value of stiffness, a unit of stiffness is currently established - milligram equivalent per 1 kg of solution (mgeq/kg) or microgram equivalent per 1 kg of solution (μgeq/kg); 1 mg/kg stiffness corresponds to a content of 20.04 mg/kg calcium ion Ca + or 12.16 mg/kg magnesium ion Mg2 +.

Alkalinity of water is characterized by the content of alkaline compounds in it. This includes hydrates, for example, NaOH - sodium hydroxide, carbonates Na2CO3 - soda ash, bicarbonates NaHCO3, Na3PO4, etc. The value of alkalinity of water is equal to the total concentration in it of hydroxyl, carbonate, bicarbonate, phosphate and other anions of weak acids, expressed in equivalent units (mgeq/kg or μgeq/kg). Depending on the predominant presence of anions of certain salts in water, alkalinity is distinguished: hydrate (concentration in water of hydroxyl anions OH), carbonate (concentration of carbonate anions CO3²¯) and bicarbonate (concentration of bicarbonate anions NSOz³¯.).

Water oxidability is characterized by the presence of oxygen and carbon dioxide in water, expressed in milligrams or micrograms per kilogram.

3.2.3 Water treatment for steam boilers

The initial data for selection of pre-water treatment equipment is:

amount of boiler blowdown;

carbon dioxide content in the steam;

relative alkalinity of boiler water.

Water treatment for hot water boilers includes the following main stages:

removal of suspended particles;

removal of iron;

softening, prevention of scale formation;

prevention of corrosion (removal of oxygen and carbon dioxide from supply water using deaerators of various structures. The use of a deaerator makes it possible to significantly reduce the content of free oxygen (up to 0.02 mg/kg), the rest should be bound by a chemical method).

3.2.4 Removal of mechanical impurities using filters

Mechanical filters of various designs are used to remove precipitated (sand, iron oxides, CaCO3 salts and other heavy particles) and suspended particles (fine clay, dirt and organic matter).

With minor mechanical contamination (up to 5.0 mg/kg), it is possible to install compact filters of the cartridge type (replaceable or flushing), the main advantages of which are small dimensions, high speed and filtration depth.

If the suspended particles in water are more than 15 mg/l, it is advisable to perform filtration on pressure filters with a combined layer (sand + anthracite).

The filtered particles are removed from the bed by countercurrent washing as necessary.

For the designed boiler house, pressure filters with a combined layer are used, since the use of cartridge filters is impractical (the content of suspended substances in the clarified water is 8.0mg/kg).

Special task

COMBUSTION OF SUBSTANCES AND METHODS OF ITS TERMINATION

5.1 General information on combustion of substances and materials

All combustible substances contain carbon and hydrogen, the main components of the gas-air mixture involved in the combustion reaction. The ignition temperature of combustible substances and materials is different and does not exceed for most 300 ° C.

Physical and chemical bases of burning consist in thermal decomposition of substance or material to hydrocarbon vapors and gases which under the influence of high temperatures enter chemical influence with oxidizer (air oxygen), turning in the course of combustion into carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide), carbon monoxide (carbon monoxide), I sit down (carbon) and water, and at the same time heat and light radiation is generated.

Ignition is the process of spreading flame through a gas-air mixture. At the rate of flow of combustible vapors and gases from the surface of the substance equal to the rate of flame propagation through them, stable flame burning is observed. If the flame velocity is greater than the vapor and gas velocity, the gas-air mixture burns out and the flame is self-extinguished, i.e. a flash.

Depending on the gas flow rate and the flame propagation rate, the following can be observed:

burning on the surface of the material when the rate of release of the combustible mixture from the surface of the material is equal to the rate of propagation of the fire thereon;

- combustion with separation from the surface of the material, when the rate of release of the combustible mixture is higher than the rate of propagation of the flame through it.

Combustion of the gas-air mixture is divided into diffusion and kinetic. The main difference is the content or absence of oxidant (air oxygen) directly in the combustible steam-air mixture.

Kinetic combustion is the combustion of premixed combustible gases and oxidizer (air oxygen). In fires, this type of combustion is extremely rare. However, it is often found in technological processes: in gas welding, cutting, etc.

In diffusion combustion, the oxidant enters the combustion zone from the outside. It comes, as a rule, from the bottom of the flame due to the rarefaction that is created at its base. At the top of the flame, the heat generated during the combustion creates pressure. The main oxidation combustion reaction occurs at the flame boundary, since the gas mixtures flowing from the surface prevent the oxidant from penetrating deep into the flame (displace air). Most of the combustible mixture in the center of the flame, which has not undergone an oxidation reaction with oxygen, betrays incomplete combustion products (CO, CH4, carbon, etc.).

Diffusion combustion, in turn, is laminar and turbulent (uneven in time and space). Laminar combustion is characteristic when the flow rates of the combustible mixture from the surface of the material are equal and the rate of flame propagation through it. Turbulent combustion occurs when the rate of release of the combustible mixture significantly exceeds the rate of propagation of the flame. In this case, the flame boundary becomes unstable due to the large diffusion of air into the combustion zone. Instability first occurs at the top of the flame, and then moves to the base. Such burning occurs on fires with its volumetric development.

Combustion of substances and materials is possible only with a certain quality of oxygen in the air. The oxygen content, which eliminates the possibility of combustion of various substances and materials, is established experimentally. So, for cardboard and cotton, self-extinguishing occurs at 14% (vol.) Oxygen, and polyester wool - at 16% (vol.)

Elimination of oxidant (air oxygen) is one of the measures of fire prevention. Therefore, the storage of flammable and combustible liquids, calcium carbide, alkali metals, phosphorus must be carried out in a tightly closed container.

Conclusion

on a diploma project

on the topic of

"Reconstruction of production and heating

boiler house of Vladimir "

1 Degree project scope:

Explanatory Note

102 p.

Graphic part

4 sheets

Special task: presentation "burning substances and ways to stop it"

2 Compliance of the diploma project with the design assignment

The diploma project was completed in full accordance with the assignment for

design

3 Characterization of execution of each section, use of recent achievements

achievements of science and technology and experience of innovative enterprises with a diploma

The diploma project presents the description and purpose of the reconstructed

boiler room, justification of reconstruction, description of thermal scheme and

description of boiler structure. The calculation section has the following

calculations: calculation of boiler room thermal diagram, selection of CWC equipment,

selection of pumping and traction equipment and elements of thermal calculation.

Section "Operation" describes the fuel supply of the boiler house

and water treatment systems

In the area of labor protection, general issues of organization of labor protection and training

at the enterprise, measures to create healthy and safe conditions

labour, principles of first aid.

As a special task, a presentation was developed on the topic of the discipline program

"Occupational safety." The project also performed economic calculation of indicators

Boiler House Works

4 Economic justification of decisions adopted in the draft

All decisions made in the diploma project meet the requirements

on energy conservation, and have appropriate economic justification

that is confirmed by calculations performed in the project