Design of a two-story residential building made of small-sized elements

Contents

Introduction

1. Natural and climatic characteristics of the construction area

2. Required parameters of the designed building

3. Characteristics of the functional process of the building

4. Space-planning solution of the building

5. Structural solution of the building

5.1. Bases

5.2. Walls and Partitions

5.3. Floors and Floors

5.4. Ladders

5.5. Roof and rafter system

5.6. Windows and doors

6. Sanitary and engineering equipment of the building

7. Architectural and compositional solution of the building

8. Site situational plan

Literature

Appendix 1. Results of fence thickness calculation according to heat engineering requirements

Appendix 2. Development Site Situational Plan

Introduction.

Recently, low-rise construction has become increasingly popular in the construction market. Market studies show that low-rise residential buildings, including private cottages, are in significant demand. Low-rise buildings are significantly superior to traditional multi-storey buildings and structures in many respects. Advantages of construction of low-rise buildings:

mobility, ease of transportation, speed and ease of assembly, aesthetic appearance, comfort, individuality, autonomous infrastructure, security. The disadvantages of the construction of low-rise buildings include: the high cost of land and often the lack of public transport. Maintenance costs in low-rise buildings are higher than in high-rise buildings. Compared to multi-storey buildings, the lack of an elevator and a garbage duct are often disadvantages.

The private sector also has more flammable communications, such as gas and electric; it is in the private sector in the summer that such causes of fire are recorded as from lightning.

The course work is performed in accordance with the design assignment.

The space-planning solution of the building complies with GOST, SNiPam and other regulatory documents.

Course work consists of a graphic part on 2 sheets A1 and an explanatory note on sheets A4.

Structural solution of the building.

Structural system - wall. Structural diagram - with transverse bearing walls. The rigidity and stability of the building is ensured by mutual dressing of masonry rows at the intersection of the transverse and longitudinal walls of the building. Floor beams have a support depth of 180 mm and are attached to each other and walls by steel anchors.

The free length of the external load-bearing walls does not exceed the permissible value - 18 m.

5.1. Foundation.

Depth of foundation laying on heavy soils is taken as not less than design depth of soil freezing, which in the construction area is equal to H hall. = Np m = 1.1x0.9 = 0.99m., But due to the fact that a basement is provided in the building, the depth of laying is taken as equal to H = 2.350 m.

Tape monolithic is arranged in designed building under load-bearing walls

concrete foundation.

Width of cushion 1200mm, foundation body under external walls 600mm, under internal walls - 500mm. Horizontal waterproofing is provided - 2 layers of ruberoid. The foundation plan is shown in the graphic on sheet 1.

5.2. Walls and partitions.

Walls are made of small-sized elements - silicate bricks. Masonry is carried out on cement sand mortar. Seam thickness: vertical - 10 mm, horizontal - 15 mm. The structure of the external walls is three-layer (on the inside: cement sand mortar 20 mm, silicate brick masonry 380mm, glass staple fiber slabs per synth. binder 150mm, masonry made of silicate brick on a cement sand base). External and internal brickwork is connected to each other by anchors.

The total wall thickness adopted in accordance with the calculation is 670 mm.

Internal walls are made of 380 mm thick brickwork. Connections at corners and intersections of external walls with internal walls are reinforced by reinforcement rods, which are laid in solution of horizontal seams in three levels along the floor height. Partitions are made of silicate brick 120 mm thick. Reference to the axes of external structural walls - 200 mm from the internal face of the wall, internal structural walls - along geometric axes, in external self-supporting their internal face coincides with the layout axis, that is, zero reference is made.

5.3 Floors and floors.

In the designed building, in accordance with the task, floorings on reinforced concrete beams are used.

The pitch of the beams is 800 mm.

Beams have depth of support on walls 180 mm and are attached to each other and with external walls by steel anchors.

Intermediate floors.

Lightweight concrete slabs are laid on reinforced concrete beams - 80mm., Then there is a 1 layer of ruberoid, backfilling with sand 50, soundproofing - 5mm, lags - 50x50 with a pitch of 500 mm. The last top layer is the tongue boards - 29.The lower layer is added plaster - 5 for flatness of the surface. The ceilings between the basement and the room are similar to inter-floor floors.

The floor in residential rooms is lined with chopped boards along the lags, in the hallway, in the apartment corridors - from linoleum, in the bathrooms and kitchen - from facing ceramic tiles.

Attic floors.

Heat-insulating layer of attic floor is protected against condensation humidification by layer of steam insulation (in the form of 1 layer of ruberoid). Also, a wooden box is arranged to reduce heat losses.

The structure of the floors and floor is represented in a graph. parts on sheet 2.

5.4 Stairs

On assignment, a two-march staircase is designed. The height of the riser is -165 mm, the width of the tread is 290 mm. The width of the flights of stairs is 900 mm, the platforms are 1200mm. To prevent falling, fences are provided. The height of the railings is -1200 mm (from the surface of the tread or platform to the top of the handrail). The structure of the stairs consists of railway area beams with a section of 180x260.

The structural solution of stairs is presented in the graphic part

5.5. Roof and rafter system

The roof is double-pitched .

The structural diagram of the rafter system is nasal. It is a double row of parallel inclined beams - rafter legs with a section of 100 * 180, resting at the lower end on substructure bars - mauerlates. Mauerlats are laid to secure the ends of the construction legs and distribute pressure to a large area of ​ ​ the intended masonry. Rafter legs are supported by a 150x150 skate run laid along a row of posts with a 100x100 section.

The pitch of the rafters is 1.1m. To accommodate wind loads, the ends of the rafters are attached to the wall through one wire 6. For the construction of the roof above the cornice, a part of the wall to the ends of the rafters' legs is nailed with short mare boards with a section of 80x50. All wooden elements of rafters in places of contact are isolated from masonry by a layer of toll. Braces are attached to rafter legs with steel staples; mare - nails.

The plan of the rafters is presented in the graph. parts on sheet 2.

The roof is made of shingles (roof slope 45 °) with a thickness of 20 mm, along a grid of bars with a section of 50x50 mm, a pitch of 250 mm. Shingles are attached to the grate with nails. In places of conjugation of slab bars, in flats, eaves, as well as along skates, tapered ribs, the grate is made solid. The tile is fire resistant, has a beautiful appearance and is economical. The disadvantages of shingles include a large own weight and the need for a steep slope device. The roof crosses the ventilation ducts .

Roof plan is shown in graphic part on sheet 2.

5.5. Windows and doors

Windows are provided to ensure the natural illumination of the main rooms and the possibility of visual contact with the environment. Window sizes are adopted in accordance with the regulatory requirements of natural illumination and standards. Windows are accepted with double glazing in wooden separate bindings.