COURSE PROJECT Technology of reconstructive construction and installation works in case of physical and moral wear of buildings

Contents

Contents

Introduction

1 Brief description of the object of reconstruction

2 Punch List

3 Causes of defects

4 Job Instruction for Replacement of Brick Partitions

4.1 Scope of application

4.2 Procedure and organization of works performance

4.3 Safety precautions during works

4.4 Requirements for quality and acceptance of works

4.5 Logistical Resources

4.6 Calculation of labor costs

4.7 Work Schedule

4.8 Technical and economic indicators

5 Job Instruction for Reinforcement of Floors by Additional Reinforcement of Slab with Increase of Upper Reinforced Concrete Flooring

5.1 Scope of application

5.2 Procedure and organization of works performance

5.3 Safety precautions during works

5.4 Requirements for quality and acceptance of works

5.5 Logistical Resources

5.6 Calculation of labor costs

5.7 Work Schedule

5.8 Technical and economic indicators

6 Ways of disposal of structural disassembly materials

Conclusion

List of sources used

Introduction

The reconstruction of residential buildings is one of the important areas of solving the housing problem. It allows not only to extend the life cycle, but also to significantly improve the quality of the dwelling, eliminate communal settlement, equip houses with modern engineering equipment, improve the architectural expressiveness of buildings, increase their energy efficiency, operational reliability and durability.

Every year, the need for reconstruction and rehabilitation of the country's housing stock increases, as physical wear and tear of structural elements and engineering systems is added to the moral wear and tear of buildings, which accelerates the overall ageing process [4]

The reconstruction is associated with the restoration of operational indicators and the strengthening of the load-bearing elements of buildings. These works require individual approaches that are different from design solutions in new construction.

As a rule, the reconstruction of residential buildings is carried out in conditions of increased constriction, which does not allow using optimal complexes of construction machines and mechanisms. This circumstance requires the development of new methods of work, organizational and technological solutions, the involvement of special equipment and technology. The severity of this problem increases during reconstruction work without the resettlement of residents.

The purpose of this course project is to acquire primary skills in the design of technological reconstruction processes and construction and repair works during the physical wear and tear of building structures and parts of buildings and structures.

To achieve the goal, the following tasks are solved in the work:

- to get acquainted with the scheme of collecting information on the state and physical wear of building parts of the building, the reasons for its formation;

- determine the sequence of reconstruction works (or possible alignment);

- develop methods of temporary reinforcement of structural units and sections for safe performance of restoration works and preservation of structural elements;

- ensure safe working conditions, movement of workers, etc. in repair and reconstruction zones;

- break the object into grips and build the final linear schedule of the sequence of reconstruction works;

- determine the leading construction processes of reconstruction and draw up process charts of reconstruction works;

- draw up a work schedule.

Brief description of the reconstruction object

The object of the reconstruction is a two-apartment monolithic residential building with 6-room apartments in the formwork of the Civil Stroy system for individual and cooperative construction in Transcaucasia.

Structural diagram with transverse and longitudinal bearing walls with support of floor panels along the contour.

Foundations - concrete concrete class B15.

External walls - cast-in-situ reinforced concrete of light concrete class B7.5 with volume weight of 1450 kg/m3 with thickness of 360 mm.

Internal walls - cast-in-situ reinforced concrete of heavy concrete class B15 200 mm thick.

Slabs, coatings - cast-in-situ reinforced concrete with a thickness of 160 mm from concrete of class B15.

Partitions - brick, thickness 120 mm.

The stairs are wooden. The fences are wooden.

The roof is attic, rolling along wooden rafters.

Roof - asbestos cement wavy sheets.

External doors - glazed and panel according to the series 1.136.519.

Internal doors - panel structure according to the 1.13610 series.

Windows - with separate bindings according to the series 1.136.520.

Floors - parquet, linoleum, ceramic tiles.

Finishing:

- external - external walls from monolithic reinforced concrete become covered with cement paint;

- internal - internal surfaces of walls are plastered; Walls of living rooms, front rooms and corridors are lined with wallpaper; walls of kitchens, bathrooms and auxiliary rooms are painted with oil paint.

The year of construction of a two-apartment residential building is 1991. The standard service life is 175 years. At the time of the survey, the building is 27 years old. The object does not belong to the historical structures of the city.

Engineering equipment:

Water supply - cold domestic from the external network.

Sewerage - household in the external network.

Heating - from a hot water boiler with solid fuel.

Ventilation - natural exhaust.

Gas supply - from local individual gas tank plants according to the 5.90513 series.

Hot water supply - from hot water boilers.

Power supply - from external network, voltage 380/220 V.

Communication devices - radio, telephony, television.

Equipment of the building - kitchen equipment, bathrooms - gas stoves, washes, baths, toilets, washbasins.

Causes of defects

The safety and durability of partitions of buildings, as well as other structures, is ensured by competent technical operation of this structural element and the entire building.

The reasons for the occurrence of defects in the partitions are a violation of the technology during the laying of the partitions, excessive loads, mechanical effects.

Floors play a multifunctional role in the general work of the building. They are load-bearing and enclosing structures, as well as stiffening disks that ensure the stability of the building as a whole. The physical state of the floors affects not only the bearing capacity of the latter, but also the physical state of the wall frame, since the floors perform a double function in the general structure of the building: they perceive and transfer the load on the walls from their own weight, equipment and people in the building, and also ensure the stability of the building as a whole. The loss of rigidity of the main bearing elements of the floor leads to a violation of the hinged ties of the walls in height, which leads to a loss of stability of the walls.

The reasons for the occurrence of overlap defects are gross violations of the technology for installing slabs, violation of the technology for producing raw materials, excessive loads, and reduced structural stiffness.

Job Instruction for Replacement of Brick Partitions

The procedure for complete disassembly of brick partitions and installation of gypsum board partitions is presented in the Job Instruction; instructions on work performance, labor techniques and workplace organization are given, safety, occupational safety, environmental and fire safety issues are covered, the need for material and technical resources is given, technical and economic indicators are given.

4.1 Scope of application

This Job Instruction is intended for management when replacing brick partitions, during reconstruction and overhaul of residential buildings, administrative and industrial buildings, structures.

The works considered by the map include:

- disassembly of brick partitions;

- removal of garbage from floors in containers;

- installation of metal frame;

- installation of metal door boxes;

- covering of metal frame with gypsum-cardboard sheets.

Process instruction for reinforcement of slabs by additional reinforcement of slab with extension of upper reinforced concrete flooring

The Job Instruction contains recommendations on organization and technology of works performance. Instructions on safety and quality control of works are given, the need for mechanisms is given in order to accelerate the performance of works, reduce labor costs, improve the organization and improve the quality of works.

5.1 Scope of application

This Job Instruction contains practical recommendations for reinforcement of cast-in-situ reinforced concrete slabs of slabs by device of additional reinforcement with extension of upper reinforced concrete flooring.

It is intended for the personnel of the construction organization engaged in the reconstruction and repair of this facility. The map is intended for manufacturers of works, craftsmen and foremen, as well as employees of technical supervision of the customer and engineering and technical workers of construction and design and technological organizations related to the production and quality control of concrete works.

The process sheet is made in accordance with the requirements of SP 70.13330.2012 "Load-bearing and enclosing structures," SP 121352003 "Safety in construction" Ch.1 "General requirements" and SP 121352003 "Safety in construction" Ch.2 "Construction production," industrial safety standards and PPB-0 -03 "Fire safety rules in the Russian Federation."

Ways of disposal of structural disassembly materials

Brick combat refers to construction materials of secondary origin, therefore it refers to a cheap product. Its replacement of expensive raw materials saves material resources, while the durability and aesthetics remain at a decent level.

Areas of application of brick combat:

• construction of roads, backfilling, organization of railway embankments and strengthening of field roads;

• erection of access roads on construction sites;

• backfilling of trenches, mines, wells, pits;

• Use as insulation cushion in the construction of walls;

• drainage cushion function in wetlands (both in road laying and in building construction).

The brick battle obtained as a result of disassembling the brick partitions goes through several stages of processing with the help of special devices at once, after which it becomes suitable for secondary use:

brick breaking is cleaned, if necessary, of foreign construction debris and other contaminants (the less brick breaking contains foreign impurities, the higher its cost);

sorted into different fractions (the smaller the fraction, the higher the cost ).

If the battle of the brick consists of large pieces, little suitable for construction, then it is crushed into smaller ones, and passed through crushing and sorting plants. Only then is the secondary brick sorted into fractions. The scope of the secondary material depends on the size of the broken brick fraction. Even after the brick battle is processed into a secondary brick crumb, it retains all the inherent qualities of brick, such as strength, sound and heat insulation, sound insulation. The battle of the brick perfectly passes moisture and is naturally not radioactive. Brick combat is considered a very environmentally friendly material, because it not only rarely contains harmful impurities, but also is a product of processing, and thus preserves nature.

When punching bars in monolithic slabs, concrete scrap is formed.

Using concrete scrap in construction, humanity solves two problems at once: environmental and industrial.

Breakable concrete is used as:

1. the underlying layer for the laying of railway tracks, motorways and temporary sites;

2. main component of flooring bases, asphalt pavement of roads and foundations of buildings [6].

Recycled scrap of concrete is perfect for preparing a concrete mixture, from which park footpaths will be made, internal platforms of garages and utility rooms, slopes along the canals, new concrete products, an underlying layer for car parks, walking alleys, etc. And this is a small list where you can find use in this recycle.

It is also impossible to lose sight of the economic part of the issue, because the use of concrete construction garbage will significantly reduce the costs of building new facilities. Secondary crushed stone from concrete scrap will cost much cheaper than the new material that it will replace.

Conclusion

During the course project, we have acquired primary skills in designing technological reconstruction processes and construction and repair works during the physical wear and tear of building structures and parts of buildings and structures.

In order to achieve the goal, the following tasks were solved in the work:

- got acquainted with the scheme of collecting information on the state and physical wear of building parts of the building, the reasons for its formation;

- sequence of reconstruction works execution (or possible alignment) is defined;

- methods of temporary reinforcement of structural units and sections for safe performance of restoration works and preservation of structural elements have been developed;

- safe working conditions, movement of workers, etc. are provided in repair and reconstruction zones;

- the object is divided into grabs and the final linear schedule of the reconstruction works sequence is built;

- the leading construction processes of reconstruction are defined and process charts of reconstruction works are compiled;

- work execution schedule is constructed;

- On the basis of the above material, a conclusion was made on the work done.

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