Construction of a three-dimensional model of the support block of an offshore stationary platform

Introduction

Information technology has long been confidently included in our daily lives and architectural and construction design in this case is no exception.

The relevance of the work lies in the fact that one of the factors accelerating scientific and technological progress is to improve the quality and reduce the design time, which means the introduction of CAD systems.

An obstacle to improving the quality and maintaining the timing of project development is the growing discrepancy between the increasing cohesion of construction projects, on the one hand, and the established methods and means of their design, on the other.

This problem cannot be solved by simply increasing the number of design organizations and designers of various specialties. Therefore, in modern conditions, improving the quality and reducing the design time can be provided on the basis of computers and other technical means of architectural design in design organizations and workshops.

1. The concept of CAD and their classification
   1. The concept of CAD, purpose and application

In any production - industrial, radio equipment, construction, agricultural and even in the service sector, the design of various kinds of objects is carried out. 

Computer-aided design systems ensure the implementation of functionally complete sequences of design tasks with the receipt of appropriate design solutions and project documents. 

Programs of this class solve the problems of automating all stages of the design of systems of varying degrees of complexity: from the production technology of a single part to the design of an entire technological line. The term CAD originates in the 1970s. 

A computer-aided design system is an automated system that implements IT for performing design functions and is an organizational and technical system designed to automate the design process, consisting of personnel and a set of technical, software and other means of automating its activities. The system makes it possible to create technological and design documentation for individual buildings, structures, products. In the English-language literature, programs of this class are usually called CAD / CAM systems (Computer-Aided Design / Computer- Aided Manufacturing), which means "computer-aided design / manufacturing system".

As part of the life cycle of industrial products, CAD solves the problems of automating work at the stages of design and pre-production. The main purpose of creating CAD is to increase the efficiency of technical specialists, including: 

■ reducing the complexity of design and planning; 

■ reduction of design time; 

■ reducing the cost of design and manufacture, reducing operating costs; 

■ improving the quality and technical and economic level of design results; 

■ Reducing the cost of field modeling and testing. These goals are achieved by: 

■ automation of documentation; 

■ information support and automation of the decision-making process;

■ the use of parallel design technologies; 

■ unification of design solutions and design processes; ■ reuse of design solutions, data and developments; 

■ strategic design; 

■ replacement of full-scale tests and prototyping with mathematical modeling;

■ improving the quality of design management; 

■ application of variant design and optimization methods.

CAD usually includes: 

■ automated drawing system; 

■ computer-aided design system; 

■ three-dimensional modeling system; 

■ system for preparing drawings based on three-dimensional models.

The low-level computer-aided design system is mainly used in the production of design documentation, including documents (explications, specifications, etc.) textual, assembly, subassembly, linked to each other. Such systems are used in the creation of projects with varying degrees of complexity in the field of construction, architecture, geodesy, general plan, mechanical engineering, etc. The cost of such CAD systems is much lower than systems of a higher class - from 1 thousand dollars. Up to a little more than 4 thousand dollars. For the workplace. 

Personal systems are the simplest CAD systems that include only basic drawing tools and two-dimensional/three-dimensional geometric frame modeling. They are delivered as a boxed product (without training) and are generally not able to support the design of parts in the context of assembly. Personal systems cost less than $1,000. And they are used by architects, designers, publishers of technical literature, individual users and small companies.