Combine Harvester Repair Shop

Contents

Introduction.......... 3 1. Construction of Glue Panel Coating

1.1. Load collection

1.2. Static calculation

1.3. Plate calculation but 1 group of limit states..... 6 1.4.Geometric section characteristics... 6 1.5.Verifying five strength conditions:

1.6. Calculation of the coating plate according to the II group of limit states

2 Calculation of metal truss

2.1. Collecting loads on the truss

2.2. Cross section selection and stress check in truss rods

3. Design and Calculation of a Docked Column

3.1. Column Load Collection

3.2. Fitting a Section of a Docked Column

3.3. Mating the Top of a Stepped Column with the Bottom

3.4. Column Base Calculation

4. Wood preparation and storage

5. Protection Instructions

5.1 Protective Wood Treatment

5.1.1 Protective treatment of wood against decay

5.1.2 Fire-proof wood treatment

5.2 Metal Protective Treatment

6. Direction on Transportation, Storage and Installation

6. Operating Instructions

List of literature used

Introduction.

Industrial wooden structures include wooden glued structures, which are large-sized factory-made structures. The use of glued wooden structures meets the requirements of the technical policy in the field of construction, as it reduces the mass of buildings and structures, ensures their capitality and duration of operation, and also reduces the labor burden of erecting structures.

Wood and structures based on it have great resistance to aggressive environments and therefore in many cases it is advisable to use them in buildings with aggressive environments. The comparative lightness of the wood, taking into account its rather high strength and rigidity, allows you to cover significant spans. The weight of pine and spruce wood is 0.5 t/m.

The durability of wooden structures, protected from decay only by structural measures, reaches hundreds of years.

Currently, in addition to structural measures to protect wooden structures not only from rotting and woodpeckers, but also from fire, chemical treatment is used, which increases their reliability during many years of operation.

Considering the areas of construction in which it is advisable to use wooden structures, one should first of all point to buildings and structures that are subject to some aggressive effects.

These are chemical workshops, production buildings of agricultural construction.

Given that wood for some parts of the country is a local material, it is advisable to use it as load-bearing structures of span buildings of road bridges. Thanks to the lightness of wooden glued structures, they can be used in public buildings, such as: indoor markets, sports facilities, exhibition

pavilions, etc. In the construction of large industrial facilities, glued wooden structures are advantageously used for the construction of prefabricated temporary structures.

To improve the quality of glued wooden structures, it is necessary to switch to the use of appropriate quality lumber for them, and use resorcinol-based glue for gluing.

The course project was developed in accordance with the task and is the calculation and design of a grate, run, a metal tree truss and a docked column of the workshop for the repair of combine harvesters. The project consists of an explanatory note and a graphic part. The graphic part is developed on the 1st sheet A1. The note was completed on 34 pages. The purpose of the course project is to consolidate and deepen the theoretical knowledge obtained during the study of the discipline "large-span and spatial structures made of wood and plastics."

4. Wood harvesting and storage.

Sawmills receive sawmill raw materials - whips (trunks of cut wood, whose roots and bitches are separated) by rafting, rail or road transport. When cross-cutting whips, round grades are obtained that have various purposes (logs, rakes).

Lumber is produced by longitudinal sawing of logs and rakes. The quality of the saw products depends on the state of technological preparation of the sawmill before sawing .

Lumber is stored in stacks under canopies or in warehouses in closed rooms. The lumber stack must be laid out in the correct geometric shape, the side and end surfaces must be strictly vertical. The average dimensions of the stack: 1,82.4m, height 2,65m, length 6,56.8m. The stack is formed from lumber similar in rock and thickness on gaskets, which are represented by antiseptic O in the shell e of a rack with a section of 25x40mm. Gaskets are placed strictly vertically, one above the other. Extreme gaskets must be located flush with the end faces of the stack. In order to avoid buckling and sagging of boards, it is necessary to lay a certain number of gaskets along the length of the stack, which depends on the wood species, thickness and length of the laid lumber. When forming a stack, you can use vertical lifts or a spruce headquarters. In addition to laying lumber with a whole stack recently on

sawmills implement a package method using packages of forming machines PMF10. It is based on the fact that on the sorting site of the sawmill a part of the stack is formed with a drying bag with a width of 1.21, 9 m, a height of up to 1, 5 m and a length of 4.3; 5.8; 8 , 8 m.

When storing lumber under canopies, protection of lumber from atmospheric precipitation and solar radiation should be provided. To do this, single-pitched roofs with a slope of 0.2 are mounted above ordinary stacks, single-pitched or double-pitched roofs with a slope of 0.06 are mounted above package stacks; overhangs on the side of the stack 0.30.5 m .

The open warehouse is arranged in a dry, well-ventilated area, the territory of which is carefully leveled, treated with chemicals to destroy vegetation, covered with crushed stone and sprayed with kuzbasslak.

Drying wood is one of the main and most difficult operations. It is carried out to increase specific strength of wood, to prevent decay and buckling. Method of drying is selected depending on purpose of wood, its final moisture content and requirements to wood quality.

5. Protection Instructions

5.1 Protective Wood Treatment

5.1.1 Protective treatment of wood against decay

Board structures for buildings with temperature-humid operating conditions Al, A2, B1 and B2 as per Table 1 of SNiP II2180 chapter can be manufactured without protective treatment.

5.1.2 Protective treatment of wood against fire.

When using wooden structures, measures should be provided to protect them from fire. It is not recommended to use non-lined wood structures under prolonged heating conditions if the ambient temperature exceeds 50 degrees. Wooden structures shall not have communicating cavities with air thrust, through which flame can spread, which is inaccessible for extinguishing.

In terms of fire protection, wood structures of massive rectangular cross-section with roundings having greater fire resistance than plank or glue are preferable. Metal linings, bolts and other parts of connecting and supporting units of wooden elements are dangerous in fire relation, since they, being heat conductors, reduce the fire resistance limit of wooden structures, therefore, metal units and connections must be carefully protected with fire-retardant coatings.

Chemical measures to protect wooden structures from fire include the use of impregnation with fire retardants or the application of fire retardant paints. Protectors that protect wood from fire are called flame retardants. Fire retardants capable of decomposing during heating with the release of a large amount of incombustible gases, or increasing in volume, create a protective layer that prevents the ignition of wood and the spread of fire on it. Typically, the flame retardant compositions include a mixture of several substances and are applied as aqueous solutions.

Fire protection of wood by chemical means should be treated differently, it all depends on the operating conditions of the structures, fire resistance of the building and structure, the size of the wooden elements and the degree of protection (depth of impregnation). Impregnating compositions can be used for whole wood structures, and deep impregnation with pressure flame retardants is required to protect the wood frame members of the enclosing structures.

5.2 Metal protective treatment.

It is recommended to perform protection of MZP metal by galvanizing according to GOST 1462369 or by hydro-oxidized aluminum in accordance with the "Recommendations for corrosion protection of steel embedded parts and welded joints of precast reinforced concrete and concrete structures with coatings based on aluminum ."

It is recommended to galvanize the metal before stamping (in sheets). It is allowed to galvanize MPC after stamping.

Galvanized MZP can be used in operation conditions A1, A2, B1, B2 and B1 without additional protective treatment, and in operation conditions A3 and BZ - with additional coating after pressing with two layers EP531 or layer XS010.

The protective treatment of MZP for temperature-moisture operating conditions A1, A2 and B2 can be carried out by spraying a layer of hydro about oxidized aluminum with a thickness of 15 0mk, and for temperature-moisture operating conditions of EP, B2, BZ and B1, in addition to the layer of hydrooxide aluminum with a thickness of 50 mk, 2 layers of EP531 or one layer of X0C .

When using plank structures with connections on MZP in buildings of category IV of fire resistance, it should be provided to protect MZP from direct exposure to fire, for example, using wooden linings with a thickness of 20 mm.

6. Direction on transportation, storage and installation.

When transporting structures, they must be protected from atmospheric precipitation, mechanical damage and pollution.

Load-bearing structures shall be placed and fixed on vehicles in a position close to the design one. The pick-up points from the lifting and the description point shall be strictly in accordance with the design and shall be marked with paint on the structures themselves. Trusses and truss elements when transported over long distances are recommended to be connected in tight bags (without gaskets) using metal belts. It is recommended to cover the bags with waterproof paper or polyethylene film.

Trusses shall be supported on vehicles through wooden gaskets made of bars with a cross section of at least 60x100mm installed in support units.

For loading and unloading of trusses from vehicles, it is necessary to use inventory crossbeams that prevent damage to the truss elements and ensure the reliability of the sling.

Wooden structures are recommended to be stored:

- in the base warehouse in a closed room or under a canopy;

- at transshipment and object warehouses under a canopy or sheltered from atmospheric precipitation in open areas .

Open areas for storage of structures should be removed in a dry place and carefully cleaned from grass, chips, garbage, and in winter - from snow. The surface of the site should be compacted, and the profile should provide removal of ground, meltwater and rain water. The site should be periodically watered with iron block solution at a flow rate of 0.60.8l/m or sprinkled with chlorine lime in an amount of 200g/m.

During storage, trusses shall be sorted by type, size and grade. It is recommended to store them in packages of 1020 pieces in inventory cassettes, ensuring the vertical position of the trusses and their tight packaging .

Packages of structures shall be stored in design or close to it position installed on bars impregnated with coal oil or other antiseptic. Protection against precipitation can be carried out with polyethylene film, roll waterproofing and other materials. The coating should exclude the possibility of ingress of water and oblique rain flowing from them to the structure. The number of bars and the distance between them shall exclude sag and deformation of structures.

Dimensions of bars to describe trusses are not less than 60x100mm, located under supports or first from supports by units of lower belt. Installation of liners in the spaces between the lower belt nodes is not allowed.

It is not allowed to lay structures directly on the ground.

Installation of trusses is allowed to start after completion of works on construction of the underlying structures (which are trusses supports) throughout the structure or its part at least one temperature unit, after acceptance of the performed works and execution of the necessary documentation .

Installation is recommended by the block method. Blocks of trusses with links are assembled in the crane area, installed on rafters and fixed in the design position. The pre-assembly site shall be planned and equipped with devices that allow to attach individual elements and to adjust them during pre-assembly.

The enlarged spatial block of trusses, links and enclosing structures shall be a geometrically unchanged structure with strength and stability for the selected installation methods. The dimensions and weight of the enlargement units depend on the lifting capacity of the equipment used.

Detailed drawings of the enlarged units shall be attached to the work organization project.

Installation of single trusses is allowed only if there are no necessary mounting mechanisms for installation of enlarged units.

Single trusses shall be mounted from extreme spans. The first truss after installation in place should be secured by temporary bonds and immediately fixed by permanent bonds to the second truss after installation. Each subsequent truss shall be attached to the previously established permanent links after checking its correct installation. Mounted trusses can be released from grips and slings only after they are released by permanent or temporary connections .

Cover panels should be laid on trusses from the cornice to the skate. The panels shall be laid perpendicular to the trusses without displacement of the ends of adjacent panels relative to each other .

During installation of enlarged units and individual trusses deviations from design dimensions shall not exceed the following values :

- by height of supports and top of structures - + 10.0mm ;

- in distances between axes of structures - + 10.0mm ;

- deviations of trusses from vertical - + 0.002 heights ;

- displacement of center of support units from center of support platforms - + 10.0mm .

Mounting holes in enclosing structures with height composite ribs for gripping devices shall be located in the lower elements of the ribs.

6. Operating instructions.

To ensure the durability of trusses in buildings during design, structural and other measures should be provided to protect structures from biological damage, fire and humidification in accordance with the chapters of the current norms .

Technical operation of the constructed buildings provides for maintenance of structures and the building as a whole during the entire service life by systematic observations of the state of structures, parameters of the operating environment and timely implementation of the necessary repairs.

When observing the state of structures, visually detected or measured deformations of structures, gaps in knot and butt joints are recorded.

Observations of structures should be carried out at least once a month with recording of observation results in a special log. Based on the results of observations, a conclusion should be made on the identified deviations from design requirements and necessary

methods and timing of their elimination .

Observations of the temperature-humidifying mode of the environment are recommended using psychrometers. Mandatory control must be carried out for at least one week during the winter, summer and autumn-spring periods with recording of temperature and humidity parameters in the log every 4 hours.

It is necessary to systematically monitor the serviceability of water supply, heating and ventilation systems, timely detect and eliminate faults and leaks in the roof and wall fences.

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