Civil building (2 storeys 8-storey apartment building)

1. Job Instruction Design

1.1 Scope of application.

The technological map was developed for brickwork with the associated installation of a two-story eight apartment building. Size in axes of 17700х12600 mm height of the floor is 2800 mm.

The largest mass of structures - floor slabs 4.86 tons.

Installation is carried out using KB302 tower crane in summer.

1.2 Selection of methods of works execution.

1. Masonry

The process of masonry and methods of its implementation.

The process of masonry consists of the following operations: setting orders and pulling the berth; bed preparation, supply and leveling of solution; laying stones on the bed with the formation of stitches (when masonry for decoration).

The orders are installed in the corners of masonry, at the intersection of the walls and on straight sections of the walls at least 12 m. The berth is pulled between the orders to avoid its sagging every 4.... 5 m lighthouse stones or wooden bars of the corresponding size are laid under it, so, so that they protrude beyond the plane of the wall on the 2... 3 cm. The berth from above is engraved with a stone laid dry on the lighthouse. The berth of the guide when laying external and internal miles, and on the external verses the berth is installed for each row of masonry, and on the internal through 3-4 rows

The preparation of the bed consists in cleaning it and laying bricks on it. For masonry of outer verst brick is laid out on inner half of wall, and for masonry of inner verst on outer half. The solution is fed to the bed, as a rule, with bucket shovels, and leveled with kelma.

Organization of the workplace of masons.

When performing stone work, the productivity of masons largely depends on the correct organization of the workplace, the rational solution of which should exclude non-productive movements of workers and ensure the highest labor productivity. Therefore, the work station should be within the crane range, have a width of about 2.5 m and is divided into 3 zones: the work zone with a width of 0.60.7 m between the wall and the materials in which the masons move; a zone of materials about 1 m wide to accommodate pallets with stone and mortar boxes; transport zone 0.80.9 m for transfer of materials and passage of workers not directly connected with masonry.

The number of pallets with stone and boxes with mortar and their alternation depends on the thickness of the wall or structure, the number of openings in this area and the complexity of the architectural design.

Since it is rational to conduct masonry to a height of 1.2 m, all stone structures in height are divided into tiers of the specified value. The transition of masons from one tier to another is preceded by the installation of scaffolding, the building in the plan is divided into grips approximately equal in volume. Each capture is divided into plots. The work is organized as follows: After the masonry of one tier is completed on one section, masons switch to another, and scaffolding is installed or rearranged on the first, installation work is carried out.

Scaffolds and forests used in masonry.

The optimal height, to which the mason intensively conducts masonry, is 1.2 m. For the further construction of the building, scaffolding is needed - a temporary device installed on the floor, from which wall masonry is carried out.

Hinged-panel scaffolding consists of board flooring and two supports connected to it. When laying the second tier (above 1.2 m from the floor), triangular metal supports are located in the lower position. When laying the walls of the third tier (above 2.4 m), scaffold supports occupy the upper position.

Universal package self-aligning scaffolds consist of a wooden flooring and two hinged supports. When performing the second tier, lattice metal supports are arranged horizontally, when laying the third tier - vertically.

For masonry of external walls, scaffolding is also used mainly of two types: bolted tubular and tubular on bolted joints. Gold-free forests, consisting of posts and girders in two directions, are a rigid spatial structure. Forests are fixed to the walls with anchors. Flooring from boards is laid along the girders. Masonry up to 40 m high can be carried out from forests. In tubular bolt forests, posts and girders are bolted together using removable clamps. Stringed scaffolding is suspended on consoles attached to the building frame and used to erect walls of frame buildings.

Supply of materials to workplaces

For the productive work of masons, the organization of the supply of materials to working materials is essential. Brick and ceramic stone are supplied to the workplace in bags on pallets. For this, four-wall cases designed for 1.... 2 pallets are used. Masonry solution is supplied by crane in boxes.

With large volumes of work, the solution is supplied by pipeline - solution pumps. In case of transportation interruptions, in order to avoid setting the solution in risers or hoses, it must be pumped for 5-6 seconds every 20 - 30 minutes.

Installation of precast reinforced concrete structures

1. installation of floors.

In brick buildings, inter-floor floors made of reinforced concrete slabs are laid on walls and girders

Before installation of slabs, the position of the upper support parts of the masonry under the slab structure shall be checked, which shall be in the same plane (the difference in elevations within the floor shall not exceed 10 mm).

To ensure the horizontality of the ceiling formed by slabs, use the following techniques

Within the grip (section) of the building along the perimeter of the top of the walls or runs using a leveller or a flexible level (for previously fixed rails), hairlines corresponding to the installation horizon, i.e. the elevation on which the bottom of the floor structures will be located. Leveling layer of mortar (brace) is laid along leveling marks (along cord of berth), it is leveled by rule and, after brace acquires 50% strength, plates (floor panels) are mounted, which are separated on support surfaces by layer of fresh mortar with thickness of 3-4 mm.

After laying each plate, the horizontal level of the ceiling is checked by sighting along its plane, and, if necessary, by the rule. If it is found that the planes of adjacent plates do not coincide, along the seam, the plate is lifted with a crane, the solution bed is corrected and re-installed.

Slabs are fixed by anchors laid in masonry after alignment, adjacent slabs are fixed by anchors for mounting loops.

Fillets of the slab with walls are closed after installation of the slab. In hollow floors, when resting on external walls, in order to isolate, voids are filled with light concrete or finished concrete plugs to a depth of at least 120 mm. They also seal voids in slabs resting on internal bearing walls with heavy concrete or inserts. This is necessary to prevent the supporting parts of the plates from being destroyed by the pressure of the overlying structures.

2. Installation of jumpers.

Load-bearing jumpers, on which the load from the floors is directly transferred, in brick buildings, like runs, are installed, lifting behind the mounting loops and laying on the finished mortar bed, and non-bearing (ordinary) are laid by hand. During installation, their installation by vertical elevations, horizontality and size of the support area are ensured.

3. Installation of stairways and platforms.

The stair elements are mounted as the walls of the building are erected. The intermediate platform and the first march are installed along the masonry of the internal walls of the stairwell, the second (storey) platform and the second march - at the end of the masonry of the floor

Before installation of staircases and marches, their dimensions are checked. Then sites are marked, a layer of mortar is applied and a site is installed.

Immediately after the alignment of the position of the platform, a flight of stairs is mounted. This allows you to adjust the mutual position of the flight of stairs before the solution is fixed.

When setting a flight of stairs, it is first rested on the lower platform, and then on the upper platform.

Before setting the march, the installers arrange a bed of mortar at the supporting places of the staircases, pouncing and leveling it with cells. When setting marches 1, the installer is located on the lower platform of another on the overlying floor or on the scaffold next to the stairwell.

Inaccuracies of the installation are corrected with slices, after which the sling is uncoupled, joints between the march and the sites are ground with cement mortar and inventory fences are installed.

4. Installation of partitions

Inter-room and inter-apartment partitions in buildings are arranged from gypsum concrete panels with a size of a room. Such panels are transported and stored in a warehouse in an upright position. Partitions are mounted after erection of external and internal floor walls and installation of floor girders (runs).

Installation of partitions begins with marking of their installation places. The position of the panels is fixed with paint or hairlines on the walls and other structures to which the partitions will be attached. To the walls, the partitions are fastened with fork brackets from a steel strip 3 mm thick, attached to a wooden plug with a horn, and to the partition with nails. On vertical surfaces there are 2 clamps for each place of partition adjoining

Steel plates with thickness of 4-5 mm are attached to floor (ceiling) of panel. They are set in pairs in a staggered order 1.52 m from each other.

Partition panels adjoining each other are fastened to each other with metal clamps clogged into upper binding of panels, or with steel plates on nails installed flush with surfaces of panels.