Bench for hydraulic cylinders repair

Contents

Contents

Introduction

1 PECULIARITIES OF ORGANIZATION OF REPAIR AND SERVICE PRODUCTION

1.1 Place and role of technical service in the ITR system

1.2. Planning of repair and maintenance of tractors and self-propelled agricultural machines at the enterprise

1.3. Features of innovation and investment activities in service production

1.4. Analysis of the situation in the area with the operation of the service service

2. FARM EQUIPMENT

2.1. Technical equipment of Rossoshansky district farms according to the perspective plan

2.2. Formation of the production program of the enterprise

2.2.1. Calculation of total labour intensity

2.2.2. Calculation of labour intensity of production

2.2.3. Calculation of labor costs of workers

2.2.4. Calculation of the number of ITR and employee personnel. Compensation for permanent staff

2.2.5. Calculation of material costs for production

2.2.6. Cost of maintaining fixed assets. Depreciation

2.2.7 GSM for repairs and maintenance

2.2.8. Repair and maintenance costs of fixed assets

3. DESIGN PART

3.1. Overview of structures of stands for disassembly and assembly of hydraulic cylinders obtained as a result of patent search

3.2. Purpose and brief description of the bench

3.3. Principle of operation of bench for disassembly and assembly of hydraulic cylinders of universal tractors

3.4. Calculation and selection of power hydraulic cylinder

3.5. Calculation of hydraulic cylinder rod attachment axis for strength

3.6. Calculation of pins for attachment of additional power hydraulic cylinder to table strut for strength

4. SAFETY OF LIFE DURING REPAIR OF POWER HYDRAULIC CYLINDER OF MTZ TRACTOR

4.1 Person responsible for ensuring occupational safety and safety requirements in the workshop

4.2 Organization of sanitary services in the repair shop of OJSC Don

4.3 Characteristics of harmful and hazardous production factors associated with the process of repair of MTZ tractor hydraulic cylinder

4.4 Possible hazardous situations during operation of the bench for hydraulic cylinder repair. Technical and organizational measures to eliminate them

4.5 Organization of fire safety in the repair area

5. TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF THE PROJECT

5.1. Water supply costs

5.2. Sewage and waste management costs

5.3. Heat costs

5.4. Cost of energy consumed

5.5. Transportation costs of the enterprise

5.6. Space rental costs

5.7. Marketing Research Advertising

5.8. Office and business expenses

5.9. Assessing the effectiveness of additional capital investments

List of sources used

Applications

Summary

The diploma project on the topic "Improvement of the organization of repair of agricultural machinery in Don OJSC of the Rossoshansky district of the Voronezh region," is presented in the form of a calculation and explanatory note and a graphic part. The calculation and explanatory note consists of six sections: features of the organization of repair and service production, technical equipment of farms, design part, technological part, life safety, economics and technical and economic evaluation of the project. Each part of the project is presented on the sheets of the graphic part of the diploma project.

The graphic part is presented on 8 sheets of A1 format.

Introduction

The successful implementation of the tasks set for the country's agriculture is impossible without a significant improvement in the material and technical base to a qualitative level. This requires qualitatively new approaches to maintenance and repair of equipment.

The repair service plays a huge role in ensuring the normal operation of agricultural enterprises. Agriculture has a relatively large complex of repair and technical enterprises, workshops, farms and maintenance points. However, agriculture faces the most difficult tasks to improve the engineering service. Farms suffer huge losses due to the failure of machines, their short service life, poor quality of repair and maintenance, mainly due to the lack of spare parts and components for machines and units.

Due to the difficult situation in the country, with the depreciation of the ruble and a lack of money, the production of agricultural machinery and implements became very difficult and in some cases became completely impossible. The already meager supply of spare parts to the economy and repair and technical enterprises has decreased, prices for them have risen tenfold .

Therefore, the engineering service of farms and repair and maintenance enterprises faces the most difficult task of transferring the repair service to modern management and management methods.

Peculiarities of organization of repair and service production

1.1 Place and role of technical service in the ITR system

Technical service is one of the most important elements of the system of engineering and technical support (ITO) of agro-industrial enterprises, carried out in the following areas:

scientific - to develop the basis of the technical policy of reform and innovative development of the service system of the agro-industrial complex;

material and technical - to draw up production plans and provide enterprises with spare parts and repair and service materials;

production and technical - on the development of programs and technologies for performing specialized repair and service work on the technological support of complex special systems of machines and mechanisms, the creation of a secondary market for equipment, the training of special technical personnel;

technical - preparation of plans and programs to provide new progressive repair and service technical means for the implementation of service procedures, restoration of parts and assemblies;

scientific and information on the development of plans for marketing research of the service market of technical means, the implementation of advertising activities in the field of popularization of modern world and domestic experience in the organization of specialized repair and service enterprises and industries.

Technical service in the modern sense of its essence, this is a set of services to provide the main agricultural production, its servicing and auxiliary industries with machines, mechanisms, tools and technical equipment, as well as the effective use of the system of agro-industrial machines and their maintenance in good condition during operation.

If regular employees of the manufacturer and (or) its dealer organizations in the field are engaged in the presentation of service services, then the technical service is called corporate.

In addition to the services and specialists of manufacturers, the following technical services are provided in the agro-industrial complex:

primary service enterprises of Rossagropromtehniki and Rosagrosnab;

district multi-purpose and inter-district specialized service enterprises such as repair and technical;

regional and regional head specialized technical service centers;

repair and technical workshops, supply services for agricultural enterprises, private entrepreneurs, farmers.

Strategic planning for the development and operation of rural service infrastructure includes the development of the following activities:

Creation of special enterprises as a result of the development of targeted innovative investment projects with various forms of ownership and management, which contribute to the emergence of competition among service producers in the agro-industrial sphere;

development of various forms of cooperation of rural producers with the aim of joint organization of the production service system and protection of their interests in relations with monopoly enterprises;

improvement of technical service services in the direction of deep cooperation with industry and development of new organizational forms of service provision (regional technical centers, leasing operations, rental and rental of technical equipment, acquisition, restoration and sale at preferential prices of equipment that was in operation, etc.);

motivating the participation of agricultural machine builders in the performance of a set of works on the form technical service of their products to fully satisfy the requests of their consumers;

Priority to the maintenance and repair planning and warning system, with extensive implementation of diagnostic tools;

improvement of technical processes of maintenance of machines and mechanisms, equipment in working condition;

wide development of unit repair with reduction of complete repair;

Increase recovery volumes of worn parts

deepening specialization and reorientation of service repair enterprises to non-impersonal repairs.

In a market economy, the strategy for planning the development and operation of the technical service provides for:

1. Establishment of special enterprises based on different forms of ownership of the means of production and promoting competition among service producers.

2. Development of various forms of cooperation of producers in order to jointly organize a service system for their production and protect their interests in relations with monopolists.

3. Improving the operation of technical service services through deep cooperation with industry and developing new organizational forms of service provision (regional technical centers, leasing operations, rental of equipment, rental, acquisition, restoration and sale at preferential prices of equipment used in operation, etc.).

4. Interested participation of machine builders in the performance of the entire range of technical service of their products to fully satisfy the needs of consumers of equipment.

5. Priority application of preventive maintenance and repair with wide implementation of tools diagnostics.

6. Improvement of technical processes to ensure operability of machines and equipment.

7. A wide development of the aggregate repair method with a decrease in the complete.

8. Increase recovery volumes of worn parts.

9. Deepening specialization and reorientation of service repair enterprises to non-impersonal repairs.

10. Fundamentally improving the supply of spare parts, equipment and materials, providing service services with the ability to guarantee the supply of consumers.

Currently, technical service planning is built as an element of the market mechanism of economic management, taking into account the following fundamental principles:

1. Focus on the priority of the agricultural producer - the consumer of machinery, work and services.

2. Exclusion of monopolism in the environment of service, supply and provision of technical means and services.

3. Unity of goals and objectives of technical service enterprises (RTP, transport enterprises, repair plants, Agrosnaby, agricultural chemistry, etc.)

4. Interest of agricultural machinery manufacturers in providing direct services to agricultural enterprises and direct contacts with agro-industrial enterprises.

5. The possibility of developing market relations of all partners in the agro-industrial complex, privatization and corporatization of service enterprises, the creation of inter-economic enterprises, holding companies, agro-industrial centers, the organization of leasing, rental and rental of technical equipment and service services.

1.3 Features of innovative investment activities in service production

In the modern conditions of formation and establishment of market production and economic relations in the agro-industrial complex of Russia, the most important condition for achieving success for agricultural enterprises of any form of ownership and management becomes understanding and accepting the fact of the need to ensure their competitive advantages through the constant improvement of technology using technical means, making it possible to significantly reduce the cost of production, the cost of production, in order to be able to reduce the prices of their products on the market, providing competitive advantages in its implementation.

Increasing the productivity of technology is inconceivable without constantly updating it in line with trends in general technological progress, i.e. the nature of the activity should be constantly innovative. On the other hand, any innovative activity in terms of technical re-equipment is inconceivable without a clear and highly efficient service activity accompanying it, providing high equipment productivity and long-term (standard) operation with optimal maintenance costs and minimum repair costs during the standard service life.

Evaluating the location and role of the technical service in the engineering and technical support system of the agro-industrial complex, Developing and planning a planned maintenance and repair system for a particular enterprise, It is necessary to clearly represent the essence and content of the upcoming innovative investment activities in the field of technical service, as a mandatory element, without which the further functioning of Russia's agriculture as the most important sector of the country's economy, designed to ensure its food security, neither theoretically nor practically impossible.

Technical rearmament, although slowly, begins to be carried out in the agro-industrial complex. Factories are developing the production of new models and modifications of tractors, combines, self-propelled agricultural machines, trailed and mounted equipment. More and more in the fields, modern imported agricultural equipment is used, including tractors and combines, specialized sowing and harvesting complexes, equipment for fodder production and fodder preparation. High-performance and high-precision technological mechanization tools such as tractors K704, T150, T-150K, MTZ1523, LTZ-60AV, LTZ155, combines Don - 1500 B, KS6B, Combine E281, Niva are also widely used in the Voronezh region.

Together with German, Swedish, Dutch, French firms in Russia, joint production of modern agricultural equipment for the conditions of Russian soils, climate, varieties and technologies is being formed.

All this will require in the near future the creation of a modern service structure capable of ensuring the maintenance of the operability of new technical means and the repair of equipment ending its normative life, but possible for its further use in the next 510 years with a high-tech modern repair base in rural administrative areas.

The modern repair and technical base of the rural administrative units of the Voronezh region overwhelmingly runs into a miserable existence, in many cases having ceased to function at all for its intended purpose. Machine equipment, control, diagnostic and test equipment is 2025 years old and according to its technical parameters can no longer be used, having 8090% wear. Production buildings and structures were very dilapidated, since they were mainly built 3,540 years ago. Without radical reconstruction and complete technical re-equipment of existing still rural repair and technical enterprises of repair scale, the creation of modern rural service infrastructure is impossible.

The situation with the financial support of agro-industrial complex is developing today as follows: that the vast majority of agricultural enterprises, although they somehow make ends meet on current production activities, resorting to annual commodity loans, but have practically no profit, they acquire equipment mainly by leasing, and therefore do not have it now, not in the near term to invest its own money in the creation of agricultural infrastructure. Neither local district nor regional budgets own such funds.

The only sources of financing for such transformations of the agribusiness service infrastructure may be the federal programs of the state and the financial resources of private investors - commercial banks, joint-stock enterprises of industry, mainly extractive industries, metropolitan brewing, flour, meat canning and other enterprises directly interested in the production of agricultural raw materials to support their activities.

Innovation activity is a system of measures to bring scientific and technical ideas, innovations obtained by science in the process of research and development and designed in the form of innovations (inventions, know-how, patents, descriptions of new technologies, technological documentation, etc.) to a result suitable for practical use. As a result of innovation, new machines and mechanisms, technologies and technical techniques, forms of organization and management of production are emerging. In the modern agro-industrial complex, it acts as the most important side of scientific and technological progress and is one of the necessary conditions for the effective functioning of agricultural producers in a market economy.

In Russia, the market for scientific and technical products in the field of agro-industrial complex is constantly forming, where there are completed innovative developments, innovative business planning techniques, consulting engineering firms that develop them and advise on the development of business plans by enterprise specialists.

The plan of innovative development is always associated with a change in the nature of the activity, the nomenclature of production and (or) the provision of services, changes in technology and technology, therefore considered a high-risk project, requires careful justification of permanent goals, strict regulatory services for the calculation of resources, the use of modern modeling and optimization methods, discounting cash flows when calculating the payback period of capital investments, especially when using borrowed funds of private investors under pre-agreed conditions for the return of received credit resources.

In each particular case, the innovative investment business project for the creation or reconstruction of a repair and service enterprise is a strictly individual phenomenon, based on a specific initial analytical material, characterizing the creation of a new repair and service facility, almost on the "ruins of the old" economy, almost provided that the maximum use of the remnants of its material resources is made to reduce the cost of the project and reduce the reconstruction period, i.e. payback of additional capital investments.

Starting with a concrete design, justification of the production program, current operating costs and additional capital investments, we must first analyze the current state of the enterprise that has been investigated, evaluate its potential, analyze the real and potential market for the sale of proposed goods and services, evaluate the specific environment and formulate based on the analysis our development strategy for the future.

1. You can give a procedure for evaluating ECT and performing SWOTanalysis.

2. You can give a market valuation methodology using the BCG matrix.

1.4. Analysis of the situation in the area with the operation of the service service

The Rossoshansky district of the Voronezh region is a typical rural administrative formation, with its historically established system of agricultural production in the forest-steppe zone of the Central Black Earth region.

The main areas of activity of the rural population are the cultivation of marketable food grains of winter wheat, beer barley, sugar beets, and in recent years, thanks to the introduction of fast-ripe hybrids, and sunflower into production. Dairy and meat cattle breeding prevails in the area, therefore, corn on silage, perennial and annual herbs on hay, silage and green feed take place in the structure of crops. There is practically no industrial pig farming in the region at present, since all fattening special farms have ceased to exist.

In the area, industrial beet seed farming has been preserved, focused on the supply of sugar beet seeds for processing, calibration and drainage, and enterprises for the primary processing of livestock products.

Currently, the district, like the entire Voronezh region, is not experiencing its best times. There is a large discharge of cattle, practically no pig breeding and sheep breeding. The structure of sown areas has undergone significant changes, where the share of brewing barley and sunflower, which are in demand among Moscow brewing companies and creameries in southern Russia, has grown. Due to inconsistency in prices, sugar beet production decreased. In general, agriculture is falling, yields are decreasing, since there is no accumulation, and, therefore, manure is not introduced, as the main and not replaceable organic fertilizer. Due to the constant increase in prices, the volume of introduced mineral fertilizers decreases.

The existing machine-tractor fleet of agricultural enterprises of the region has an average age of more than 15 years, the degree of wear of tractors - 82%, combines - 76%, and agricultural equipment - 90%. The arable land load on the reference tractor is 1.6 times higher than the normative one under the terms of the CCR and amounts to 240 hectares.

In the current situation, the further successful functioning of the region, as an independent administrative and economic subject of the law of the region, as an independent rural district entity on conditions of self-financing, is neither practically nor theoretically impossible.

Agricultural enterprises must provide budget accumulation by 85%, but, in fact, there are no other tax bases for land, since there is no property complex, there is no sufficient value added, there is no profit.

The current situation is typical for most rural administrative regions not only of the Voronezh region, but also of the whole of Russia, therefore, the Government's decision to launch a large-scale federal program to provide financial support to agricultural enterprises and update fixed assets is extremely timely and vital, otherwise the agro-industrial complex as a domestic production complex designed to ensure food security in Russia will finally fall apart.

In accordance with the main directions of financial recovery of agro-industrial enterprises and the promising plan for the formation of the main directions for the development of the field and animal husbandry industries, the agricultural department of the Rossoshansky district developed a project for restoring the material and technical potential of the agro-industrial complex of the region, including substantiation of the number and structure of the machine-tractor park, taking into account the introduction of modern resource-saving, biological systems of agriculture, intensive and industrial technologies for the production of field and livestock production.

Technical equipment of farms

2.1. Technical equipment of Rossoshansky district farms according to the perspective plan

Rossoshansky district is located in the northern part of the Voronezh region. The district is a typical agricultural administrative unit, where industry is represented exclusively by processing enterprises, including a sugar factory, elevator, low-power plants for the processing of sunflower, meat and milk. The district center of Rossash also has a motor transport enterprise, the district Agrosnab and a repair and technical enterprise.

The area of ​ ​ arable land in processing owned (owned, disposed of, leased) by agricultural enterprises (farms, production cooperatives, agricultural artels, joint-stock companies, limited liability companies, etc.) is 95.6 thousand hectares. Among 32 districts of the region, Rossoshansky is average in size, since in certain districts the area of ​ ​ arable land ranges from 143.3 thousand hectares (Kantemirovsky) to 49.2 thousand hectares (Kamensky), on average, 87.7 thousand hectares per district in the Voronezh region.

In terms of the quality of arable land, the Rossoshansky district is second only to Paninsky and Verkhnekhavkom, having 70.3% of the average hummus chernozem, while on average in the region this figure is only 37.9%.

The presence of such soils and agro-technical potential allow to obtain high yields of almost all crops cultivated in the CCR, including winter wheat, brewing and fodder barley, sugar beets and sunflower, cereals and legumes, corn for grain and silage, annual and perennial grasses, potatoes, etc.

The current state of mechanization means is such that it is almost impossible to carry out the entire volume of mechanized work in the crop industry, since there are only 380 units in the farms of the region of technically serviceable tractors, and the load of arable land on a conditional reference tractor exceeded 250 hectares with a standard of 120. In addition, 85% of tractors developed the entire motor resource for the normative life of 1.51.8 times, equipment wear on average in the district exceeded 84%.

Over the past five years, the situation with the technical equipment of agricultural production has begun to change for the better. Harvesters and beet harvesters are purchased mainly under the leasing system. In accordance with the federal program for the revival of the agro-industrial complex of Russia at a new technical and technological level, a program for the technical re-equipment of agricultural production was developed in the region and the need for basic types of technical equipment, including tractors, combines, self-propelled agricultural machines and energy utilities, was determined.

In general, it is planned to have 788 tractors of various brands, or 836.5 in conditional terms, and the arable land load on the reference tractor will not exceed 120 hectares.

Principle of operation of bench for disassembly and assembly of hydraulic cylinders of universal tractors

Hydraulic cylinder disassembly process:

Hydraulic cylinder (5) to be repaired by means of crane-beam is located in prism (15) and is fixed in grip (4). Rod 12 of hydraulic cylinder 5 is also located in prism of trailed trolley 16 and is fixed in movable post 11. Using the control equipment, the rod of the power hydraulic cylinder (8) makes a working stroke, moving to the left (Fig. 3.1.). As a result, the movable post 11 in which the rod 12 of the hydraulic cylinder 5 is fixed is moved. During this movement, working cavity of hydraulic cylinder (5) and rod (12) is completely separated from piston. When hydraulic cylinder (5) is expanded, position valve of power hydraulic cylinder is actuated and hydraulic cylinder is disconnected. After removal of components of repaired hydraulic cylinder (5) from the bench, power hydraulic cylinder (8) moves to initial position.

Hydraulic cylinder assembly process:

During assembly, rod of hydraulic cylinder is placed on trailed trolley in prism and fixed in movable post 11, housing of hydraulic cylinder is fixed in grip 4 and is located in prism 15. Rod 12 of hydraulic cylinder with piston is located coaxially with housing. Reverse stroke of power cylinder (8) is actuated, as a result of which case and piston are connected to rod of hydraulic cylinder (5).

Thus, as a result of such simple manipulations, the hydraulic cylinders of tractors are assembled and disassembled on this bench. That makes it possible to carry out complex operations for repair of hydraulic cylinders most efficiently.

Possible hazardous situations during operation of the bench for hydraulic cylinder repair. Technical and organizational measures to eliminate them

In this design disassembly of front axles, MTZ80 tractors. During its operation, the following dangerous situations may arise:

electric shock;

traumatisation with rotating parts;

trauma with a ukosin crane;

injury due to rupture of hydraulic sledges;

injury by falling units of the front axle

lack of lighting

To prevent these situations, it is necessary to provide protection for rotating parts with casings. The bench body shall be reliably grounded and busy.

A locking device shall be provided on the bite tap. The safety valve shall be corrected in the pump unit.