Balancing of crankshafts

Contents

Introduction

1. Comparative analysis of patent and information materials, structural diagrams of analogues of the developed tool and selection of its rational design

2. Design and calculation of the designed tool

3. Development of kinematic (or pneumatic, or hydraulic, or electrical) diagram of STR

4. Conclusion

5. List of sources used

6. Developing a presentation to protect coursework

Introduction

Technological equipment and technical equipment is one of the most important conditions for maintaining cars in a technically serviceable condition. Process equipment improves technical performance such as:

- labour intensity of technical impacts;

- quality of maintenance and repair of cars

- increased level of mechanization and works for maintenance and repair.

Today, the role of technological equipment cannot be underestimated, the tendency of the automotive industry, leading to a complication of the design of mechanisms and assemblies in order to ensure the proper quality of maintenance and repair of cars, requires improvement and modernization of technological equipment .

The purpose of this course project is to develop a stand for balancing ICE crankshafts, which is designed to eliminate imbalances in the crankshafts of automobile engines and various rotor products with its own weight of not more than 100 kilograms and a length of not more than 1500 millimeters.

The balance of the crankshaft should be taken very seriously, because at a high speed, unbalanced masses cause vibration, increased wear and even disruption to the proper functioning of the engine.

The elimination of imbalance is solved by including the balancing operation - static or dynamic - in the manufacturing process. Balancing should not be mixed with balancing piston engines, which solves the purely structural problem of mutual balancing in the engine itself of the inertia forces of moving parts.

Static balancing. When the shaft rotates, when its center of gravity does not lie on the axis of rotation, a centrifugal force occurs

Q = mrw2,

where m is the mass of the shaft equal to G/g;

r is the distance of the centre of gravity of the shaft from the axis of rotation ;

w - angular rotation speed equal to (¼ n )/30 ;

n - shaft speed;

G is the weight of the shaft.

The unbalance of the shaft can be a consequence not only of its improper manufacture and assembly, but also of the uneven density of the metal.

The objective of static balancing is to align the center of gravity of the crankshaft with the axis of rotation. The process is carried out using an accessory consisting of two parallel blade plates. The crankshaft with unbalanced mass, rolling along the knives, self-aligns so that its center of gravity occupies the lowest position. By balancing the shaft by removing metal or adding a counterweight, it is achieved a neutral position. Thus, the center of gravity of the shaft is aligned with the axis of rotation and the action of the centrifugal force Q is eliminated.

Conclusion

During the operation of cars, its functional properties are gradually deteriorated due to wear, corrosion, damage to parts, fatigue of the materials from which they are made. Various faults appear in the car that reduce the efficiency of its use. To prevent defects and eliminate them in a timely manner, the car is subjected to maintenance and repair.

During the course project, a stand for balancing crankshafts was developed, a sketch of the stand was developed, and the necessary design calculations were carried out. With the use of the developed device, labor intensity decreases, which leads to a decrease in cost, the planning and economic indicator improves. The developed device reduces labor intensity and improves working conditions of the worker.

«Станок для балансировки коленчатых валов».frw