Administrative building for 20 people. Minsk - Public Building

Introduction

hygienic requirements. Z. about. Designed to accommodate various institutions and public facilities. When designing and constructing them, natural-climatic and local construction conditions are taken into account. The area and cubature of the premises depend on the purpose of the building and are normalized in accordance with building codes and regulations. The height of the premises should be at least 3 m, for medical institutions and pharmacies - 3,3 m. In administrative and office buildings, the average area per 1 person ranges from 4 to 12 m2, in school classrooms, it is 1.25 m2 per student, in group audiences of universities - 2.0 m2, in lecture - 0,9 - 1.5 m2 in the wards of hospitals - 6 - 13 m2 per 1 bed, in the auditoriums of theaters, cinemas - 0.7 - 1 m2 per 1 person, in the reading rooms of libraries - 2.5 - 3.5 m2.

Public buildings shall be equipped with drinking water supply, sewage, heating, ventilation, electric lighting. Gas supply (in gasified areas) is allowed only in rooms reserved for cooking and in laboratories located in separate buildings.

In the construction and decoration of Z. about. Polymer materials are widely used: for covering floors, walls, thermal insulation of the outer roof, waterproofing, sealing and lining of hinged panels, the manufacture of window blocks and doors, volumetric elements of prefabricated houses. Office premises of administrative buildings use furniture made of wood-chip boards on a phenomaldehyde basis synthetic carpets, plastic for wall cladding. At sports facilities, polymer materials such as linoleum, tartan, astrotuff, tarafflex, rezdor, polyurethane are used. The widespread use of polymer materials in the construction of Z. about. Due to the fact that they improve the quality of construction, reduce its cost. However, almost all polymeric materials can be a source of toxic substances entering the air environment.

Well-organized air exchange in buildings is one of the main conditions for combating air pollution in premises. It is of great importance in the prevention of air-drop infections, being a more effective measure than the use of physical and chemical means of air disinfection. Active air exchange contributes to the safety of buildings, prevents the development of damp.

Ventilation devices, including air conditioning units, shall provide and maintain, together with heating systems, comfortable temperature and humidity; Carry out the fullest possible air circulation in the space of the room without allowing an increase in the speed of air movement; prevent accumulation of foreign odors and various gaseous and vaporous impurities in the air; to operate smoothly all year round; have small dimensions, be quiet, easy to maintain, safe.

Exhaust plants are designed to remove air directly from the places of release of hazards or from the zones of greatest air pollution. They are installed in toilets, smoking rooms, cooking shops of catering units, etc. Such rooms provide 5-10 times air exchange in 1 h. Air exchange standards depend on the purpose of the rooms. So, for classrooms of schools, they are 16 - 20 m3/h per 1 person; classrooms of universities - 40 m3/h per 1 person; cinemas, theaters, libraries - at least 20 m3/h per person; in hospital wards - 80 m3/h per 1 patient; in sports halls - 20 m3/h for each viewer and 80 m3/h for 1 athlete.

The creation of optimal temperature conditions in the premises of public buildings is achieved using heating and air conditioning systems. In public buildings, various heating systems are used (Heating): water with radiators and convectors; air, combined with plenum ventilation; low pressure steam with radiators or smooth pipes; water with heating elements and risers built into the building structures; radiant when the heat carrier is air. The optimal temperature in buildings, depending on their purpose, varies in different climatic zones from 15 to 23 °. In the northern regions of the country, the indoor air temperature should be 2-3 ° higher than in other climatic zones, due to the lower temperature of the outer walls. The thickness and thermal insulation properties of the outer walls should be calculated so that the temperature of their inner surface does not differ from the air temperature in the room by more than 5-6 °.

To create an optimal Microclimate, vestibules are arranged that protect the premises from the penetration of external cold air flows. In buildings with a large number or constant flow of visitors (shops, educational institutions, large libraries), thermal air curtains are arranged in tambours with heating of the supplied air to a temperature of no more than 50 °. The best solutions to the microclimate problem in public buildings are the air conditioning system.

All the main rooms of buildings in which people are constantly staying must have natural Lighting. In accordance with the requirements of the design standards, the corridors must be provided with natural lighting and ventilation. Natural light illumination levels are estimated by natural illumination coefficient (EOC). In accordance with SNiP II - 4 - 79 "Natural and artificial lighting" for some public buildings and institutions, the minimum KEO and artificial lighting should correspond to the following values: for office premises of administrative institutions, in school classrooms, university classrooms, reading rooms of KEO libraries is 1%, artificial lighting - 300-400 lux; for operating rooms in hospitals - 2.5% and 400-500 lux, respectively; for chambers - 1% and 50-150 lux. Incandescent lamps and fluorescent lamps of various types can be used to illuminate rooms.

Noise silencing measures shall be provided when designing Z. about. Protection against street noise is carried out mainly through the correct placement of buildings. Public institutions should not be located on highways with heavy traffic. Between the street and the facade of the building, protective areas of green spaces should be created. The level of sound penetrating into the room from operating systems of sanitary and engineering equipment, as well as from external sources, should not exceed the standard values ​ ​ established for each type of public buildings.

Master Plan.

The plot plan of the site was developed on the basis of SNiP II.89.- 80 *. The master plan is 8367 m in size. The dominant wind is East in winter and northwest in summer rose winds .

On the general plan there are: the designed building - located in the urban area, which serves as an administrative building for 20 workplaces. On the territory there is also a parking lot for office cars. The territory of the administrative building is covered with paving tiles. There is also a recreation area on the territory with a forest park area and benches for both passing and employees. The exit itself has its own checkpoint. The width of the roads is a two-lane 10m, which allows you to easily and easily get to trucks. Asphalt pavement with rounding. The width of the sidewalks is 1.5 meters, paving tiles. Each building has entrances. Engineering networks such as water supply, sewerage, electricity and heating are connected to the designed building. The improvement of the territory is made of planting deciduous and coniferous trees, flower beds, shrubs, lawn and accounts for approximately 36% of the landscaping of the entire site.

Fire breaks between buildings are made in accordance with SNiP 2.01.85 "Fire standards" standards and is 10 meters. Relative to the sides of the light, the building has a diagonal orientation, which provides favorable insolation of the room. For atmospheric precipitation runoff, the slope of the territory of 0.004m is provided

Environmental protection.

Environmental protection is a global problem. Environmental protection measures are aimed at preserving, restoring natural wealth, rational use of natural resources and preventing the harmful impact of the results of economic activity of society on nature and human health. The essence of environmental protection is to establish constant dynamic harmony between developing society and nature, which serves it both as a sphere and a source of life.

Environmental protection includes:

• Limit drilling of wells into water within settlements until assessment of reserves and determination of the feasibility of drilling new wells;

• Organize an automated system for monitoring emissions of the most hazardous substances in the area;

• Elimination of natural landfills and reclamation of disturbed land. Disturbed soils should be reclaimed by special agricultural measures to prevent the development of erosion processes

• to equip places in settlements for temporary storage of household garbage with their subsequent removal to the landfill in compliance with sanitary standards;

• organize the collection of household garbage at the landfill;

• to plant as many green spaces as possible, which reduce noise and clear the air of carbon monoxide, and also it is necessary to leave as many trees and shrubs as possible, cutting them down only where necessary;

• It is necessary to isolate sewage waste to prevent ingress of garbage and other waste into them;

3. volumetric - planning solution.

Designed building: "Administrative building for 20 jobs" The building in the plan has a complex shape with dimensions in the axes of 36.8 x 21.7 m. The pitch of the columns is 6 m. Span 6 m wide. The height of the building is 7.2m. According to the structural scheme, the building is frame-panel. Wall thickness 570mm. The thickness of the brick partitions is 210 mm. The building has a large dining room with 100 seats for employees and visitors.

The spatial rigidity and stability of the building is ensured by the connection of the coating plates with the girders, which in turn are connected by cement sand and welding. Prefabricated reinforced concrete coating forms a reliable horizontal disk, ensuring the joint operation of all walls.

Combined lighting. Natural lighting is provided through window openings in the administrative building, which make up approximately 48% of all walls, and can ventilate the building if you open windows. Artificial is adopted by using electroluminescent lamps operating from 220V voltage.

Evacuation of people from the premises is carried out through the doors. Doors on the escape route (under fire safety conditions) open in the direction of exit from the building .

All types of work are carried out in 1 shift. Dressing rooms, showers, washroom, toilet, dining room and rooms are provided for engineering and technical workers, small maintenance personnel, the head and shift craftsmen.

Административный корпус 2007.dwg