9-storey coursework building

Contents

Contents

Introduction

Natural and climatic characteristics of the construction area

Required parameters of the designed building

Building Functional Process

Space-planning solution of the building

Structural solution of the building

Sanitary and engineering equipment of the building

Architectural and artistic solution of the building

Description of the plot plan of the development site

Justification for selection of building enclosures

Literature

Introduction

Multi-storey buildings in large cities are the most massive and have become widespread due to functional qualities and greater economy. An increase in storeys contributes to the economical use of urban areas. The construction of multi-storey buildings is widespread in many countries. Recently, it has been increasingly distributed in small and medium-sized cities on specially designated land plots. Attention to multi-storey construction is increasing, despite the fact that this development is characterized by a high density of housing stock and, in accordance with this, a relatively high cost of improvement per unit of useful area. However, multi-storey construction has significant advantages. On a small building area, the maximum possibility of building housing. Here, the presence of a small landscaped area near the dwelling improves living conditions.

Multi-storey buildings are subject to functional, structural, aesthetic, architectural, artistic and economic requirements. In addition to these requirements, attention is drawn to the improvement in the layout of apartments, the design methodology, the requirements of a safe fire evacuation, as well as the layout of communications.

Natural and climatic characteristics of the construction area

The construction district is Severodonetsk. This district has a wide construction and production base, which reduces the cost of erecting multi-storey residential buildings.

Climatic indicators for this architecturally building area

Moderately continental with relatively short cold winters and very hot summers. Average temperature in summer: + 24... + 30 ° C. The hottest weather is in mid-July. June is the windiest month. The air warms up to + 36... + 40 ° C. In autumn, the weather is cool and wet. Early frosts are possible. Winter, as a rule, begins in December. Average winter temperature: − 2... − 4 ° C. The coldest month is January. Spring is cool and wet, thunderstorm rains in May.

The average annual temperature is + 8.8 ° C;

Absolute maximum - + 48 ° С;

The absolute minimum is − 30 ° C;

The amount of precipitation for the year is 400500 mm;

The average annual wind speed is 2.4 m/s;

The average annual humidity is 74%;

Standard value of wind load 0.4 kPa;

The air temperature of cold days is − 25 ° C;

The air temperature of the cold five-day period is − 10 ° C;

Warm air temperature - + 30 ° C;

Normative depth of soil freezing - 120 cm;

Wind load refers to 1 district.

Required parameters of the designed building

Building class - II;

The degree of durability is II;

Fire resistance degree - II;

Fire resistance rating of building structures

Structural elements of the building - R90;

Interstage floors - REI45;

Staircases - REI90;

Internal walls - R60;

Staircase marches and platforms - R60;

Fire hazard class of building structures - C1;

Building class according to Functional fire hazard - F1.3;

Sanitary and hygienic requirements

Design temperature of internal air in cold period - + 20 ° C;

Relative humidity of internal air - 55%

Requirements for natural lighting - KEOmin = 0.5%;

Ratio of window area to floor area Sok/floor = 1/5.5... 1/8

2.3 Fire protection requirements for the building and individual structures

The maximum permissible floor area of the fire compartment is 2200m2;

The maximum permissible height of the building is 31.5 m;

The maximum distance from the doors to the exit is 20 m;

The number of evacuation exits is at least 2;

Installation of doors on escape routes - not less than 1.0 m;

The smallest width of the flights of stairs leading to the residential floors of the building is 1.0 m;

The smallest width of the stairs marches leading to the basement floors of the building is 0.9 m;

The greatest slope of the flights of stairs leading to the residential floors of the designed building is 1: 1.75

The greatest slope of the flights of stairs leading to the basement floors is 1: 2.5.

Building Functional Process

The main functional requirements for the designed building are to create favorable conditions for all types of life activities.

The apartments have created favorable conditions for families to live and relax.

To ensure the convenience of living in apartments there are the following functional groups of rooms: recreation area (bedrooms); Community working area (common room); sanitary and hygienic (bathroom, bathroom); auxiliary (corridors); inlet, distribution (entrance hall). Connections between the premises of the apartment are carried out through corridors. Connections between the premises of the entire building are carried out using an elevator, stairs, corridors.

The location of the premises in the apartments is arranged taking into account the peculiarities of their use: bedrooms, as recreation areas, are as far away from the entrance as possible. The bathroom and bathroom are located next to the kitchen. The areas of the premises are tripled taking into account the comfort and practicality of their use .

Exterior and interior walls

The structural type of the designed building is arceless. The most optimal for buildings of large blocks is a structural scheme with longitudinal bearing internal and external walls. This scheme allows the use of the same type of reinforced concrete large-sized floorings, which are laid across the building, resting them on internal and external longitudinal walls. These floorings also serve as horizontal stiffening diaphragms. Thus, the outer wall units perform load-bearing and enclosing functions. External walls are made of large blocks of ceramsite concrete. The thickness of the outer walls is 500 mm. Finished from the outside and from the inside - a layer of plaster with a thickness of 15 mm. Internal longitudinal and transverse walls - 500 mm thick. Smoke ventilation channels are designed for ventilation of kitchens and bathrooms in internal walls.

Design Solutions

Partitions

Partitions in the house are made of brick and have a thickness of 300 and 80 mm. The partitions have a sound insulation layer made of mineral wool material.

Overlappings

Slabs are made of multistage reinforced concrete panels. Slabs rest on external and internal bearing walls, which are longitudinal. Slabs are laid on cement sand mortar. What would be a single disk overlapping the railway. panels are anchored to each other and with bearing walls, as well as seams between them are sealed with cement sand mortar. The distance for sealing of joints shall not exceed 300 mm. I.e. distance between plates is not more than 300 mm. Floor slab support depth is 110mm.

Ladders

The staircase serves for communication between the floors and for entering the basement, two-marching, consists of large-sized elements: prefabricated reinforced concrete marches and platforms. The width of the marches is 1100. Slope of stairs 1:2. The width of the staircases is 1500mm. Railings of stairs (railings) are arranged from steel links welded to embedded elements in the side plane of the march. The height of the fences is 1200mm. A vertical staircase with a width of 700mm is equipped to enter the basement. Reinforced concrete platforms are supported by longitudinal bearing walls. Support is made on two sides. Prefabricated reinforced concrete marches are supported on the sites .

Coverings and roofs

A flat roof with an internal drainage is designed in the building. The roof structure - combined (attic) consists of:

railway plate 220mm;

vapour insulation;

mineral wool 180mm;

vapour insulation;

reinforced cement brace 50mm;

waterproofing is made of 4-layered ruberoid.

Water intake funnels are installed on the roof to organize internal drainage. The height of the roof fence, arranged from railway perapets is 600mm.

Windows and doors

Windows are provided to ensure a favorable microclimate in the premises, natural illumination of the main premises and the possibility of visual contact with the environment. Window sizes are assigned taking into account the normative requirements of natural illumination, architectural expressiveness and economic factors.

We accept plastic windows with triple glazing:

O-1 - PVC OSP 1515 PO;

O-2 - PVC OSP 1515 PO;

O-3 ARE PVC OF SMALLPOX 1212 ON;

O-4 ARE PVC OF SMALLPOX 1010 ON;

O-5 ARE PVC OF SMALLPOX 1215 ON.

Doors are used to connect the room with each other and the building with the street. Doors shall open towards evacuation from the building. Entrance doors are designed with insulated fire protection.

D-1 - external door DN 2110 L;

D -2 - room door DN 217 L;

D-1 - external door DN 2110 L;

Sanitary and engineering equipment of the building

The designed multi-storey residential building is equipped with sanitary and technical systems and engineering equipment necessary for comfortable living of people.

These include water and gas supply systems, sewerage system, heating system. Electricity, telephone, Internet are brought to the building.

Inside the apartments, a water supply system is provided using plastic pipes with a diameter of 15 mm. Water riser is arranged

made of cast iron pipes with a diameter of 32 mm. The hot water supply is centralized. Hot and cold water meters are installed. The diameter of the floor drain of the sewage system is 100 mm and is connected to the riser at an angle of 90 °. A 32mm diameter turbine water meter is installed at the input of the water supply network in the building. Along the perimeter of the building, 2 watering cranes are additionally arranged.

In addition, a gas meter is installed in each apartment, the Internet is connected. A coarse water filter is installed in the basement of the building.

Each apartment has a heating system in residential rooms and in the kitchen. Ventilation channels for air ventilation in bathrooms and kitchens are arranged. Thus, the building is equipped with all the technical systems and devices necessary for life.

Architectural and artistic solution of the building

The building is made in a color scheme, contrasting with the color solution of the entire district. The building has non-glazed balconies, additional windows are arranged on the staircases, which gives the building a good architectural appearance.

Description of the plot plan of the development site

The area of ​ ​ the development site of the microdistrict will be 10, 36 hectares. On the site there are already existing 9-story residential buildings. Next to them is a parking lot, a recreation area and a playground. The microdistrict included a pharmacy and a store. In the courtyards of houses, places for walks with children, playgrounds, places for rest for adults and elderly people, garbage collection and turning fire engines are equipped. Landscaping zones are planted with deciduous trees and shrubs, there are alleys for walks.

The absolute floor elevation of the house is + 210.04 m.

The building area of ​ ​ the house is 472.110 m2.