4-storey single-section brick residential building for 12 apartments in Penza

Contents

1. Introduction

2. Design Input

3. General characteristics of the designed building

4. Structural solution of the building

5. Building engineering equipment

6. List of used literature

To municipal

Introduction

In the projects of civil, industrial and agricultural buildings and structures under development, special attention has been given to the economic and rational use of all types of building materials and energy.

Special attention is paid to the production of sets of light structures of high factory readiness, the use of local building materials, an increase in construction facilities for cultural purposes in rural areas and landscaped residential buildings. The level of improvement of housing has increased.

However, the pace, volume and quality of construction lagged far behind the requirements of the country's accelerated socio-economic development. Attempts to correct the matter through intensive development, waste of funds for the construction of numerous new facilities, the involvement in the production of additional labor and material resources only aggravated the problem. In his practical activities, the construction technician should focus on the modern feature of construction.

Design Input

Project theme: "Four-story single-section brick residential building for twelve apartments."

The construction site is Penza.

Structural diagram - with longitudinal bearing walls.

The walls are internal and external - brick .

Slab - prefabricated from hollow slabs of the slab.

Foundations - ribbon, reinforced concrete.

The roof is flat with an internal drainage.

Partitions - brick.

Degree of fire resistance - 3.

Orientation is free.

Geotechnical conditions are normal.

The floors are linoleum.

General characteristics of the designed building

The designed building shall meet the following requirements.

1. Be strong and stable.

2.Return to the process for which it is intended.

3. Reliably protect people from external influences.

4. Be durable while maintaining normal performance over time.

5. Satisfy architectural and artistic expressiveness.

6. Saving time and funds for its construction.

In this case, it is necessary to take into account the costs associated with the operation of the building. When solving economic requirements, the accepted size and shape of premises should be taken into account and justified, taking into account the needs of the population.

The building has a plan size of 20400 × 18000. Structural diagram with longitudinal bearing walls. The foundations are tape, reinforced concrete. The outer walls are made of conventional ceramic bricks, 640 thick. Prefabricated reinforced concrete floor slabs with a thickness of 220mm. External and internal doors of DG and DO grades, window blocks with separate bindings and with triple glazing of OPS grades.

Structural solution of the building

Bases

Foundations are a structural element located underground and receiving a load from the building and transferring it to the ground.

The foundations are subject to the following requirements:

1. Durability.

2. Stability.

3. Durability.

4. Profitability.

In this project, the foundation is tape. Depth of laying 1.600m. It consists of blocks and pillows .

Used foundation grades; FL 12.24; FL 12.12; FL 12.8; basement wall blocks FBS 24.6.6, FBS 12.6.6, FBS, FBS 8.6.6, FBS 24.4.6, FBS 12.4.6 FBS 8.4.6. Foundation concrete blocks are laid on mortar with mandatory dressing of vertical joints 20 mm. The location from the planning surface of the soil to the bottom level is called the depth of foundation laying, which should correspond to the depth of the layer laying.

Overlapping

A floor is a feature that divides a building into floors. There are overlaps: intermediate, lower and upper (in place of position).

The following requirements are made for overlaps:

1. Durability.

2. Profitability.

3. Industrialnost.

4. Fire resistance.

5. Moisture resistance.

6. Rigidity.

7. Sound insulation.

Slabs are horizontal structural structures resting on structural walls or pillars and receiving permanent and temporary loads transmitted on them.

In this slab design prefabricated reinforced concrete floor slabs with a thickness of 220mm.

Plate grades: PK54.15, PK54.12, PK54.10, PK42.15, PK42.12, PK42.10 .

Walls

Walls are a structural element that protects the building from atmospheric effects. Depending on the perception of the load from the floors, there are walls: bearing (perceive their weight and the weight of the floors), self-bearing (carry only their weight) and non-bearing (curtain, do not even carry their weight).

Walls shall meet the following requirements:

1. Be strong and stable.

2. Have sufficient soundproofing properties.

3. Have durability and correspond to the 3rd degree of fire resistance of the building.

4. Be non-thermal.

5. Be technological in the device.

The project uses: external walls of solid masonry made of ordinary ceramic brick, thickness - 640mm. Internal walls made of ordinary ceramic brick, 380mm thick.

Floors

Depending on the purpose of the building and the nature of the functional process taking place in the building, the floors shall meet the following requirements:

1. Be strong (i.e. have good resistance to external influences).

2. Be non-thermal.

3. Easy to clean.

4. Be economical.

The project uses linoleum floors.

There are two main types of floor construction:

a) on the ground.

b) along the floors .

Covering

The function of the coating is to protect the building from atmospheric precipitation, as well as prevent heat loss. The coating design shall ensure the perception of constant load (from its own mass) and time load (snow, wind, etc.).

The enclosing part of the coating (roof) used for sediment removal must be waterproof, frost-resistant, moisture-resistant, not destroyed by chemicals and solar radiation, and also have a certain degree of durability. In the design, the roof is flat ventilated from ribbed reinforced concrete slabs of grades PR54.15, PR54.12, PR54.10, PR42.15, PR42.12, PR42.10.

. Four-layer ruberoid roof on bitumen mastic.

Windows

Windows are a feature that serves to illuminate and ventilate a room. The filler of the window opening includes: window block and external drain.

The window block consists of a window box, bindings, and a windowboard. Bindings consist of flaps, which can be blind and opening. The box is made of bars with quarters.

Window requirements.

1. Durability.

2.Teprotective properties.

3. Sound insulation.

4. Profitability.

This project uses windows with triple glazing of OPS 1515, OPS 1512 grades.

Doors

A door is a movable fence that serves to enter the building and communicate between the premises. Doors are external and internal. Elements of door openings addition include door box with door canvas.

The project used blind and glazed canvases (doors to the balcony and to the hall).

Doors of the brand: DG 217; DG 219, DG 2118, DO 21.9.

Partitions

Partitions are vertical non-bearing enclosing structures that separate one room from another.

The surface of the partition shall be cleaned and free of cracks and slits.

In this project:

Partitions san. brick knots 65mm thick,

inter-room brick partitions with a thickness of 120 mm.

(GOST 53080).

Building engineering equipment

This project provides for the mutual linkage of building structures with the laying of utilities.

Water supply - domestic, design head at the base of risers 10 m.

Heating - water. Single-tube vertical system with facade control, with MI 40AO radiators. Temperature of the heat carrier is 9570 wasps.

Ventilation is natural.

Hot water supply - from the external network, design head at the base of risers 12 m.

Power supply - from external network, voltage 220/360V.

Lighting - filament lamps. Communication device - radio broadcasting, television antenna .

Equipping the building.

Kitchen and bathroom equipment: gas stove, washing, toilet, bath, washbasin.