Two-storey cottage with attached garage

Contents

Introduction

2 Design Input

3 Volumetric planning solution

3 Design solution

Bases

Walls

Overlappings

Roof

Roof

Intra-apartment staircase

Partitions

Windows and doors

Porch

4 External and internal finishes

5 Engineering equipment

List of literature used

Introduction

In recent years, the interest of the Russian population in low-rise construction has increased significantly, and this happened not only in villages, but also in cities. Previously, manor houses were significantly inferior in comfort to urban apartments, they did not have elementary bathrooms, hot water supply.

Now, with the advent of new construction materials, engineering equipment and financial resources, low-rise construction has been significantly developed and in terms of comfort and architectural expressiveness, they are not inferior, but often superior to urban apartment buildings. World practice shows that many people living in cities seek to move from their apartments to the suburbs in clean air and have their own home.

This is explained by a number of advantages of individual house building: first of all, this is the absence of neighbors - you can break the sound mode, drown and no one will say anything. The presence of the plot is an integral part of such houses, which is of particular importance for people running personal subsidiary farms. The undeniable advantage is freedom of planning, which allows you to build houses in accordance with your lifestyle and occupation. For low-rise construction, local building materials can be used.

There are also drawbacks of low-rise construction: in some cases it can be difficult to bring engineering communications, deliver construction materials, find a suitable site, and the high cost of construction.

But this does not stop people, and they are actively improving their housing conditions with the help of low-rise construction.

A house is a microenvironment in which a person has to spend 40100% of his time. Therefore, the basic requirements to be met by the building are as follows:

1) functional expediency;

2) technical feasibility;

3) architectural and artistic expressiveness;

4) economic feasibility.

In the house, the way of life of a person is reflected. For comfort, the layout, number, size and proportions of rooms are of great importance. The possibility of their transformation is a modern design requirement.

A compact and cozy house is the dream of every family.

Design Input

Coursework on the topic is a low-rise residential building. It was developed on the basis of the design task issued by the department "Theory and History of Architecture."

Designed building - "Two-storey cottage with attached garage"

The construction site is the city of Barnaul.

Constructive solution

The designed residential building has a wall arceless structural system with transverse bearing walls.

Bases

The designed house adopts a monolithic ribbon concrete foundation. The width of the foundation foot is 940 mm, installed on a sandcap 1015 cm.

To protect the walls from seepage along the entire perimeter, horizontal waterproofing is used in the form of bitumen coating in 2 times.

Along the perimeter of the building there is an asphalt concrete pavement 1 m wide to protect the lower part of the wall from rain and meltwater.

Walls

The outer walls having a thickness of 640 mm are made according to a layered system. The outer layer (130 mm) is made of insulation, and the inner layer (510 mm) is made of silicate brick. The three-layer wall uses flexible bonds (metal bonds with a spacing of 0.5 m). In places of installation of flexible links, rows of masonry of external and internal layers are reinforced with wire nets.

Door and window openings of external walls are made with quarters on vertical and upper horizontal faces on the outside of the wall. The size of the quarter is 65 mm. Door and window openings are covered by bar (120150mm) and beam (120220mm) reinforced concrete bridges. The base part of the building is made to protect its lower part from rain and meltwater, as well as from possible mechanical damage during the operation of the building. In the designed building, the base of the building has a height of 0.47.

The inner walls are laid out of silicate brick with solid masonry according to a six-row stitching system with a thickness of 380 and 250 mm. Doorways in the inner walls are arranged without quarters. They are covered by reinforced concrete bar bridges (120150mm). Ventilation passages in inner walls are made of ceramic brick.

Overlappings

Interstage slabs and basement slab are made of multistage reinforced concrete slabs with thickness of 220 mm. Slabs are laid along the layer of freshly laid M100 solution. Seams between plates are filled with solution to form key joint.

Slabs are attached to the wall with steel anchors. One end of the anchor is welded to the mounting loop of the slab, and the other end is seamed into a masonry seam. The following floor slabs are used in the design: PP 12.15, PP 24.12, PP 24.9, PP 27.12, PP 30.12, PP 30.9, 30.15, PP 45.9, PP 45.12, PP 60.15.

To ensure the required sound insulation from air and impact and air noises of the structure, the intercoupling is acoustically inhomogeneous, as a clean floor, sheet boards are used.

The basement has heat-insulating qualities, in which heat-insulating gaskets are used.

Attic floors separate the residential floor from the attic.

Roof

The building has a multi-pitched roof.

The roof is made according to a hanging rafter system made of glued pine wood of grade II with a section of 150x165 mm with a pitch of 1.2 mm. Rafters perceive constant and temporary loads. Constant loads include: the own weight of the roof, as well as the weight of the grid of runs; to temporary - snow, wind and, in some cases, payload. Rafter legs with the upper end rest on a skate bar, and with the lower end on a beam with a section of 250 '200 mm.

Main roof slope i = 0.514. Cornice overhangs - part of the roof around the perimeter of the house, protrude beyond the outline of the outer walls by 0.5 m.

According to SNiP 23.01 - 99, the construction area belongs to the construction climatic zone I V. This area is characterized by the following climatic indicators :

1. The temperature of the coldest days with a security of 0.92 - minus 420C

2. Temperature of the coldest five-day coverage 0.92 - minus 390С

3. The duration of the period with an average daily air temperature below + 80C is 221 days; average temperature of this period is 7.7 wasps [6]

4. Prevailing wind direction:

In winter, SW;

In the summer of SV;

5. Standard depth of ground freezing is 2.1 m.

According to SNiP 2.01.07 - 85, the city of Barnaul belongs to the IV snowy district with an estimated snow load of 2.4 kPa and to the III wind district with a standard wind pressure of 0.38 kPa

The terrain is calm, even, the level of groundwater to a depth of 15 m has not been detected.

Normative freezing of soils is 2.1 m.

Seismicity of the proposed construction site is 6 points.

The building class is III.

The degree of durability is III.

Degree of fire resistance - III.

Functional fire hazard class - F.1.4.

Design temperature and indoor humidity:

living rooms - 20 wasps (in angular rooms of 22 wasps)

kitchens - 18 wasps

the bathroom - 25 wasps

air humidity - 55%

Roof

Roofing material - flat bitumen tiles on a discharged grate from boards.

The advantages of a flat bituminous tile roof are ecological cleanliness, attractiveness, lightness, high repairability. Disadvantages - little durability.

The small storey of the building, the absence of a sidewalk around the house, as well as the presence of visors above the entrances allow you to design an unorganized watershed.

Intra-apartment staircase

Exterior and interior finishes

Outside, the walls are trimmed with a pale yellow siding. The basement is finished with gray facing tiles. The roof is gray.

Interior wall decoration - plaster, wallpaper. The walls of the bathroom are lined with ceramic tiles for the entire height of the premises .

Flooring in residential premises - shaded boards laid on 80x30 lags with a pitch of 500 mm. Floor covering in the bathroom and s/y: ceramic tiles.

Windows, doors, wooden stairs, cornice are polified and covered with varnish.

The staircase is designed to rise or descend to the floor. A single-arch small-element intra-apartment staircase with running steps with a turn of 180o along the stairs is used. The material of the stairs is wood. There are no fences of the march (railings).

Partitions

Partitions are internal non-bearing vertical enclosing structures. The main requirement is sound-insulating ability.

Partitions are made carcass-skin.

Engineering equipment

The designed residential building is provided with the following engineering equipment:

- Water supply - drinking water from the external network;

- Sewerage - household with release into the city network;

- Heating - independent heating from a solid fuel boiler, and two fireplaces: on the first floor (in the fireplace) and on the second (in the office library);

- Power supply - from external network, voltage 380/220V;

- Hot water supply - local;

- Ventilation - natural (windows) and plenum (ventilation holes);

- San equipment. rooms - washbasin (2 pcs.), toilet (2 pcs.), bath;

- Kitchen equipment - kitchen wash, electric stove;

- communication devices - cable television, telephone, high-speed Internet.

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